Week

Solution of a
Basic Calculus

4th zQuarter
Differential
Week 3
Equation
Week
Differential Equations
3 z
Differential Equation is an equation that contains one or more
functions with its derivatives.
M (x,y) dx + N (x,y) dy =0
where M and N may be functions of both x and y

Solution of Differential Equation : Separation of variables

Rewrite given differential equation so that each of two
variables happens on a different side of the equation.

f(x) dx + f(y) dy = 0
where f(x) is a function of x alone and f(y) is a function of y alone

∫ f(x) dx + ∫ f(y) dy = c
Week
Differential Equations
3 z

Solution of Differential Equation :

Separation of variables
Steps:
1. Separate x and y variables (Rewrite x with dx, y with dy).
2. Integrate the equation.
3. Simply the equation. (General Solution)

If there is Initial Value Problem (IVP)

4. Find c. Substitute the given values of x and y with general
solution.
5. Substitute c with general solution. (Particular Solution)
Week
Differential Equations
3 z
3
1. ydx - dy = 0 y𝑥 2. dx + dy = 0
Solution: Solution:
=0 dx + )dy = 0 𝑒
2𝑥

𝑑𝑥 0
𝑥
∫
3
= 0
∫ ∫ dx

∫𝑥 −3
−∫
dy
𝑑𝑥 ¿∫ 0 ∫
𝑒
2𝑥 = 0 ∫ ∫

∫ 𝑒 +𝑑𝑦∫ 𝑒 𝑑𝑦¿∫ 0
𝑦
− 3+1
y −2𝑥
𝑥
−3+1 - ln y = c 1 − 2𝑥
− 𝑒 + =c
𝑥
−2
2
−2
- ln y = c 1
−
1 2𝑒 + =c
2𝑥
− 2- ln y = c General Solution
2𝑥 General Solution
Week Differential Equations
3 z 3 𝑥
2
3. x dx + dy = 0 𝑦 𝑒

∫ 𝑥𝑒
2
−𝑥
Solution:
dy = 0
𝑑𝑥
dx Integration by
substitution
𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑒
∫
𝑥
=∫ 0 2
∫ u=

∫ 𝑥𝑒 +𝑑𝑥∫ 𝑦 ¿𝑑𝑦∫ 0
2
−𝑥 −3 du = -2x dx

−2 n.f = -
𝑦
- − =c dx = du)
2
= du
- 1
2 = c
− =
2𝑦
=-
Week Differential Equations
3 z 𝑥 2
4. dy + dx = 0 𝑒 𝑦
Solution:
dy dx = 0
∫ 𝑥𝑒
Integration
−𝑥
Integration by
by
𝑑𝑥
substitution
parts
𝑑𝑦
𝑦
=
2 ∫ ∫0 ∫ ∫ 𝒇 𝒈 =𝒇𝒈−∫ 𝒇 𝒈
u = -x
′ ′

∫𝑦 −2
𝑦
𝑑𝑦
+3
−1∫ 𝑥 𝑒¿ ∫
dx 0
−𝑥 = x= -dx f’ = 1
fdu
g’ = g= -

−
1
+ 3 (-x ) =c ∫ 𝑥𝑒 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 = x(-

¿
1 =-x
- +3 − 𝑥 ¿= c
𝑒 =-x

¿
+1
- -3 𝑥
¿= c
𝑒
Week Differential Equations : Initial Value Problem
3 5. Find az particular solution of 2y dx + 3x dy = 0 when x= 2, y= -1
Solution: Initial Value
2y dx + 3x dy = 0 yx
=c
+ =0 =c
2 𝑑𝑥 + =0 -4=c
𝑥 Particular Solution
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
∫0
= -4
2 ∫ +3 ∫ ¿
𝑥 𝑦
2 ln x + 3 ln y = c

General Solution
Week
Differential Equations : Initial Value Problem
3 z
6. Find the particular solution of dx = y(2 + dy
when x= 0, y= 2
Solution: dx = y(2 + dy 𝑐𝑠𝑐 𝑥
2

𝑑𝑥 2 2 ¿
2
=y (2 + 𝑦 ¿𝑐𝑠𝑐 𝑥 dy 2
𝑐𝑠𝑐 𝑥 𝑐𝑠𝑐 𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝑐𝑠𝑐 𝑥∫
∫ 2 dy

∫ 2
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥𝑑𝑥¿∫ (2y + 𝑦 ¿dy ¿ 3

¿ 2 ∫ ydy ∫
1 −cos 2 𝑥 3
∫ 2 + 𝑦 dy
𝑑𝑥
¿2 ∫ ydy+∫ 𝑦 dy
1 1 3
∫∫¿
2 2
¿¿¿
1 - sin 2x) = +
2
(x +c General Solution
Week
Differential Equations : Initial Value Problem
3 z
6. Find the particular solution of dx = y(2 + dy
when x= 0, y= 2
Initial Value
(x - sin 2x) = + + c
(0 - sin 2(0) = + + c
0 = 4+ 4+ c
-8=c
(x - sin 2x) = + - 8 4
2(x - sin 2x) = 4 + - 32
2x - sin 2x = 4 + - 32 Particular Solution
z