Introduction To Thermodynamics

ME 1-THERMODYNAMICS 1
PREPARED BY; EDGARDO R. GAY

INSTRUCTOR
INTRODUCTION
TO
THERMODYNAMI
CS
Brief History of Thermodynamics
 Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot (1 June 1796 – 24 August 1832)

 was a French mechanical engineer in the French Army, military
scientist and physicist, often described as the "father of
thermodynamics".
 He published only one book, the Reflections on the Motive Power of Fire
(Paris, 1824), in which he expressed the first successful theory of the
maximum efficiency of heat engines and laid the foundations of the new
discipline: thermodynamics.
 Rudolf Julius Emanuel Clausius (2 January 1822 – 24 August 1888)

 was a German physicist and mathematician and is considered one of the central
founding fathers of the science of thermodynamics.
 By his restatement of Sadi Carnot's principle known as the Carnot cycle, he gave
the theory of heat a truer and sounder basis.
 His most important paper, "On the Moving Force of Heat",[published in 1850,
first stated the basic ideas of the second law of thermodynamics.
 In 1865 he introduced the concept of entropy.
 In 1870 he introduced the virial theorem, which applied to heat
 William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin (26 June 1824 – 17 December 1907), or
(late in his life) Lord Kelvin
 was a British mathematician, mathematical physicist and engineer born in
Belfast.
 He was the Professor of Natural Philosophy at the University of Glasgow for 53
years
 he undertook significant research and mathematical analysis of electricity, the
formulation of the first and second laws of thermodynamics, and contributed
significantly to unifying physics, which was then in its infancy of development as
an emerging academic discipline. He received the Royal Society's Copley Medal
in 1883
Continue…
 In 1892, he became the first British scientist to be elevated to the

House of Lords
 Absolute temperatures are stated in units of kelvin in his honour.
While the existence of a coldest possible temperature, known as
absolute zero, was known prior to his work, Kelvin is known for
determining its correct value as approximately (273.15 degrees
Celsius or 459.67 degrees Fahrenheit).
 The Joule–Thomson effect is also named in his honour.
Course Objective Outcomes:
1. Identify the different properties of pure substance,

ideal gas and real gas.
2. Apply thermodynamics concepts and properties in
analyzing and solving problems.
3. Apply the laws of thermodynamics in analyzing
problems.
4. Evaluate the performance of thermodynamic cycles.
Definition of Terms:
From Greek Word;  Thermodynamics is a

branch of physics that
Thermos – Means Heat deals with heat, work, and
Dynamics – Power temperatures, and their
relation to energy,
entropy, and the physical
properties of matter and
radiation.
Heat is a form of energy  Work is a quantity of

and temperature energy transferred from
one system to another.
measures how much an
 Power is defined as the
object has.
time rate of doing work.
 Temperature is the  Energy is defined as the

measure of hotness or ability to do work
coldness expressed in  Entropy is a measure of
terms of several scales, disorder of a system. Also,
describes how much
including Fahrenheit
energy is not available to
and Celsius. work.
 Physical of properties  Some example of

are properties that can properties of matter
be measured.  Density
 Volume
 Mass
 Boiling point
 Melting point
 Thermal radiation is  Some example of

electromagnetic Thermal radiation
radiation emitted from  The microwave oven
a material that is due to  The heat energy emitted
the heat of material. by the radiator
 The solar radiations
What is the Importance of Thermodynamics in
Engineering?
Thermodynamics gives the foundation for heat

engines, power plants, chemical reaction,
refrigerators, and many more important
concepts that the world we live in today relies
on.
What is the Importance of Thermodynamics in
Industry?
 Thermodynamics has played an important part in

the development of the gas turbine not only in
determining the optimum cycle for power
generation but also in the calculation of the
combustion process and the flame temperature.
 In the field of nuclear power, thermodynamics
also afford useful insight.
Examples in Thermodynamics in our
daily lives:
Here are 10 daily life open system examples in Thermodynamics;
 Air Conditioner  Gas Turbines
 Automobiles  Electricity
 Refrigerator  Jet Engines
 Heat Engines  Solar Energy Collectors
 Internal Combustion Engines  Geothermal Power Plant
End
THANK YOU…

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ME 1-THERMODYNAMICS 1

PREPARED BY; EDGARDO R. GAY

 Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot (1 June 1796 – 24 August 1832)

 Rudolf Julius Emanuel Clausius (2 January 1822 – 24 August 1888)

 In 1892, he became the first British scientist to be elevated to the

1. Identify the different properties of pure substance,

From Greek Word;  Thermodynamics is a

Heat is a form of energy  Work is a quantity of

 Temperature is the  Energy is defined as the

 Physical of properties  Some example of

 Thermal radiation is  Some example of

Thermodynamics gives the foundation for heat

 Thermodynamics has played an important part in

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