VETA MBEYA PRESENTATION

A Computer
Definition: Is an electronic device that accepts
data, process it according to preset instructions
and produces useful information that human
being can use to make business decisions.
A computer is a machine or device, which can perform the following task.
It can accept data as an input.
It can Process data
And give you output in human readable form or machine language called
Information.
It can Store data
 Introduction to Computers
Data - is anything entered into a computer for
the purpose of getting output e.g. text,
graphics, numbers, sound, etc.
Information- Is the result obtained after data
has been entered and processed.

RVTSC MBEYA
A Computer
system is a
combination
of three
elements
 Computer system
1. Computer Hardware
 This refers to the physical parts of a
computer system
 Hardware we mean the physical components of a computer, which can
be physically seen or touched.

2. Computer software
 Software describes the programs that are used to operate the computer
system. Computer software, also called programs, instructs the
computer on how to operate.

3. Orgware is the users of computer or Computer programmers,

Analyst

RVTSC MBEYA
 COMPUTER HARDWARE
Is Categorized into four parts
1. Input Devices
2. Output Devices
3. Storage Devices
4. Processing Devices

Input devices: These devices

are used for accepting or
entering data/information into the System unit.
Examples of input Devices include:
•Keyboard
•Mouse
•Scanner
•Camera
•Microphone
RVTSC MBEYA
 Output Devices

• Output devices are used for displaying

information which have been processed by
the Central Processing unit (CPU).
They include devices like:
• Monitor Screen
• Printer
• Speaker etc.

RVTSC MBEYA
 Hardware

 Devices Used
for storing
Data/
Information.

BY BRIAN RALPH
 Hardware

 Devices Used
for Processing
DATA to
produce
INFORMATION

BY BRIAN RALPH
 Software

SOFTWARE:
Is the general term used to describe all various
PROGRAMS.

PROGRAM:
A program is a set of instructions, which tells the
Computer what to do.

BY BRIAN RALPH
 Software

BY BRIAN RALPH
 Software

BY BRIAN RALPH
 Software

BY BRIAN RALPH
 Booting

Booting is the process of initiating an automatic routine of the

Computer that ;

1.Clears the memory of the Computer,

2.Loads the Operating System (System Software), then
3. prepares the Computer for use.

BY BRIAN RALPH
 Booting

BY BRIAN RALPH
 KEYBOARD
• Keyboard this is the device for instructing or
communication with a computer

• There are two types of keyboard

1. Standard keyboard (F1-F10)
2. Extended keyboard (F1-F12)
• The difference between this two that the Standard
keyboard has up to ten function keys, and Extended
keyboard has up to 12 to more key.

RVTSC MBEYA
 The keyboard
This device is used by a user for typing data into a
computer. The Keyboard contains Keys that user
uses to type in Data into the system unit.
The following Keys can be found on the Keyboard:
Parts of the keyboard:
 Function keys Labeled F1 to F12
 Letters Labeled (Alphanumeric)from A to Z
 Numbers Labeled (Numeric keys)from 0 to 9
 Special Characters i.e Punctuation Marks
 Control Keys
 Arithmetic Operators e.g +, -, *, %, ^

RVTSC MBEYA
 Practice on how to use the Keyboard and
Backspace key- This key is used to move back the cursor by canceling
unwanted characters and words towards the left side of the cursor.

Space bar key- Is used to leave space between words.

Enter key- Is used to commit an operation.
Arrow keys- These keys are used to manipulate position
of the cursor.
Home key- Varies depending on the program. For some programs
pressing HOME moves the cursor to the top left corner of the
screen. Other programs moves the cursor to the beginning of a line.
End key - Varies depending on the program. In some Programs, this key
moves the cursor to the end of a line.

RVTSC MBEYA
Tab key-This key moves the cursor to the next tab setting.
Shift, Control & Alt keys- These keys are used in conjunction
with one or more character keys to perform operations or access
special commands by holding down one of the keys and pressing
another at the same time.
Capslock key-This key is used to change cases from upper case
to lower case and vice versa.(changing small letters to capital
letters and capital letters back to small letters).

Delete key - This key is used to erase unwanted characters and

words towards the right side of the cursor.

RVTSC MBEYA
 THE MOUSE

This is an input device that helps computer users

to communicate within different parts of the
opened window or on the desktop screen.
Buttons found on the mouse
Left button- Is used to select menu options
or commands by pointing to the option and
clicking(pressing) the button once.
Right button- Is used to access shortcut menus
within windows and windows applications.
Scroll Wheel - Located at the middle of the two
buttons, it is mainly used to move up and down
on the Working window area.
RVTSC MBEYA
 Holding The Mouse
Hold like this And not like this

RVTSC MBEYA
Basic Mouse Skills.

Point - Pointing means move the mouse pointer until the tip of
the pointer.
Click - Means press and release the left mouse button.
Right click - Means press and release the right mouse button to
open a shortcut menu and this menu contain commands.
Drag - Means press and hold the left mouse button while moving
the mouse.
Double click - Means press and release the left mouse button
twice and hurriedly.

RVTSC MBEYA
 Basic mouse operations

Moving- This means sliding the mouse around the

opened window to change the location of the
pointer.
Clicking-This means moving the mouse pointer onto
an object/icon and pressing the left button once.
Double clicking-This means moving the mouse
pointer onto an object and pressing the left button
twice quickly.
Dragging-This refers to moving the mouse pointer
onto an object/icon, pressing the left button and
holding it down and moving the object/icon to a new
position.
RVTSC MBEYA
 SCANNERS
• This device is used to scan photographic pictures,
graphics, text documents etc. into a graphic file that
can be edited on the computer.
• They are of different types.
-Hand scanner
This scanner is capable of scanning small sized
photographic pictures
-Full page scanner
This scanner is capable of scanning a full page
document at once.
RVTSC MBEYA
 The Monitor
• This hardware device is used to display information on the
screen that have been processed by the CPU.
• There are several factors that affect image quality:
• Pixels – The term pixel is an abbreviation for picture element. Pixels are the tiny dots that comprise a screen. Each pixel
consists of red, green, and blue.
• Dot Pitch – Dot pitch is the distance between pixels on the screen. A lower dot pitch number produces a better image.
• Contrast ratio – The contrast ratio is a measurement of the difference in intensity of light between the brightest point
(white) and the darkest point (black). A 10,000:1 contrast ratio shows dimmer whites and lighter blacks than a monitor with
a contrast ratio of 1,000,000:1.
• Refresh Rate – The refresh rate is how often per second the image is rebuilt. A higher refresh rate produces a better
image and reduces the level of flicker.
• Interlace/Non-Interlace – Interlaced monitors create the image by scanning the screen two times. The first scan covers
the odd lines, top to bottom, and the second scan covers the even lines. Non-interlaced monitors create the image by
scanning the screen, one line at a time from top to bottom. Most CRT monitors today are non-interlaced.
• Horizontal Vertical Colors (HVC) – The number of pixels in a line is the horizontal resolution. The number of lines in a
screen is the vertical resolution. The number of colors that can be reproduced is the color resolution.
• Aspect Ratio – Aspect ratio is the horizontal to vertical measurement of the viewing area of a monitor. For example, a 4:3
aspect ratio would apply to a viewing area that is 16 inches wide by 12 inches high. A 4:3 aspect radio would also apply to
a viewing area that is 24 inches wide by 18 inches high. A viewing area that is 22 inches wide by 12 inches high has an
aspect ratio of 11:6.
• Native resolution – Native resolution is the number of pixels that a monitor has. A monitor with a resolution of 1280x1024
has 1280 horizontal pixels and 1024 vertical pixels. Native mode is when the image sent to the monitor matches the
native resolution of the monitor.

• Usually come in different sizes eg 14-21 inches.

RVTSC MBEYA
The Monitor

 Monitors and Projectors:

• Cathode-ray tube (CRT) monitor is
the most common monitor type. Most
televisions also use this technology.
• Liquid crystal display (LCD) is
commonly used in laptops and some
projectors. LCD comes in two forms,
active matrix and passive matrix.
• Digital light processing (DLP) is
another technology used in
projectors.
• Monitor resolution refers to the level
of image detail that can be
reproduced. Higher resolution
settings produce better image quality.

RVTSC MBEYA
 PRINTERS
• A printer is an output device used for printing
documents.
• TYPES OF PRINTERS
Dot matrix- This printer has a head of pins
from 9-24 which when activated, strike the ribbon and
create a matrix of dots on the paper hence forming
characters.
Inkjet-This printer spray drops of inks to shape
characters on the paper.
LaserJet-These printers work with the laser technology just
like the Photo copying machine. They produce quality
text and graphics and are considerably faster and are
expensive compared to other types of printers.

RVTSC MBEYA
Printers: Speed and Capacity
Printers available today are:
 Laser printers using electrophotographic technology
 Inkjet printers using electrostatic spray technology
 Dot matrix printers using impact technology
Used in applications that require multiple (“carbon”) copies
 Printer speed is measured in pages per minute (ppm):
Inkjet Printer 2 - 6 ppm
Laser Printer 8 - 200 ppm
 Price of a printer reflects its capacity and speed

RVTSC MBEYA
Printer to Computer Interfaces

To access a printer, a computer must have an interface with it. The following are
common interface types:
 Serial data transfer is the movement of single bits of information in a single
cycle.
Serial ports are D-shell and are either male or female ports
 Parallel data transfer is the movement of multiple bits of information in a single
cycle.
Parallel data transfer is faster than serial data transfer
 Small Computer System Interface (SCSI), pronounced “scuzzy”, uses parallel
communication to achieve high data-transfer rates.
Universal Serial Bus (USB) is a common interface for printers and other devices.

The Importance of Security

RVTSC MBEYA
 THE SYSTEM UNIT
 Is the main component of the computer system that holds the
central processing unit (CPU), Hard Disk Drive, Memory, Buses,
Floppy Drive, CD ROM Drive etc
The processor (CPU) handles most of the
operations that are required of the computer by
processing instructions and sending signals out,
checking for connectivity, and ensuring that
operations and hardware are functioning
properly
The hard disk holds information that you save in the computer
for future use. It also holds system files and other configuration
files required to run the computer.
Buses carry the information from one part of the computer to
another, I.e from the input and output (I/O) devices.
RVTSC MBEYA
 The CPU contains
• The Arithmetic-Logic Unit (ALU)
• The Control Unit (CU)
• The Memory
– Arithmetic/ Logic Unit (ALU) - Performs and controls all
arithmetic operations (e.g. +,-,x,/,=) & logical
operations(e.g. >,<,= >,=< etc)
– Control Unit(CU) - It controls and coordinate all programs
instructions and processing of data.
– Memory e.g.(ROM & RAM) - for storing data or
information. ROM (Read Only Memory) this contains the
permanently stored programs and data placed in the
computer by the manufacturer and cannot be altered with
or erased.and RAM(Random Access Memory) this stores
programs and data temporarily while the computer is
turned on.
RVTSC MBEYA
 Permanent storage Devices or Auxiliary Memory
These are devices that store data and information permanently
except one deletes them. Examples are:
 Hard Disk Drive HDD(C)- Software programs, files and folders are
stored in this drive even if the computer is off. They are much
faster and are capable to store large data. Sizes of hard drives
varies e.g from 2GB, 20GB, 40GB, 80GB etc.
Floppy Disk(A) or Diskette (31/2 )- These are removable disks,
compatible and portable. Files can be easily transported from one
location to another. Diskette holds 1.44MB of data.
CDs (CD-ROM, CD-R, CD-RW, DVD)- This is used to retrieve information
stored in it or can be used to copy in new information. It is also used to store
programs, user files, movies, or audio files. Can hold data/information from
200MB to 800 MB
Flash Disks/Memory Stick (USB) –These storage devices have
become common now days due to their portability and ability to
store more information compared to diskette or CDs. Can hold
information up to 10GB.
RVTSC MBEYA
 Computer Storage units

1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1

Bits
Bit – The smallest unit of data in a computer. A bit can take the
value of either one or zero, and it is the binary format in which
data is processed by computers.

Byte – A byte is used to describe the size of a data file, the amount
of space on a disk or other storage device, or the amount of data
being sent over a network. One byte consists of eight bits of data.
RVTSC MBEYA
 Storage units approximate conversion
• 8bits => 1Byte
• 1Byte => One Character
• 1024 Bytes => 1kilobyte(1Kb)
• 1000 Kilobytes => 1Megabyte(1MB)
• 1000MB =>1Gigabyte(1GB)
• 1000GB => 1 Terabyte

RVTSC MBEYA
 COMPUTER SOFTWARE
Definition: Is a set of instructions or programs that control the
operations of computer system.
There are two type of software.
Operating Systems (OS)
Applications software
Operating System
Definition:Is
Definition a set of programs that controls and manage the
software and hardware resources of a computer.
It directs the computer how to manage its resources. For
example,it directs the computer how to manage:Files, memory,
hardware such as printer, floppy disk and hard disk.
Examples of operating systems include The Disk Operating
System (DOS), Windows 98, Windows 2000, Windows NT, Linux,
Unix, Mac OS X, DEC VMS, and IBM OS/400.
RVTSC MBEYA
 Applications Software
Application software accepts input from the
user and then manipulates it to achieve the
output. These are programs developed to
solve real life problems.
Examples of applications include word
processors, database programs, spreadsheets,
web browsers, web development tools, graphic
design tools, presentation applications.

RVTSC MBEYA
 WINDOWS BASICS
WINDOWS-Is
WINDOWS a graphical user interface(GUI) kind
of operating system. It is more user friendly than
other operating systems in the market like MS
DOS, Macintosh, Linux, Unix etc.
Windows OS is a multitask operating systems that
allows you to perform more tasks at the same time.
Multi-user OS that allows more than one user to work
on one computer at the same time( Concept of
Client/Server)
A window-This
window is a bordered rectangular screen
display, through which a user uses an opened
program to perform a task.
RVTSC MBEYA
 TYPES OF COMPUTERS
• Main-frame computers
• Minicomputer
• Network computer
• Personal computer
• Laptop computer

RVTSC MBEYA
 COMPUTER TYPES CAN BE DIVIDED
INTO 3 CATEGORIES
Computer types can be divided into 3 categories according to
electronic nature. Types of computers are classified according to
how a particular Computer functions. These computer types are

1. Analogue Computers
2. Digital Computers
3. Hybrid Computers

RVTSC MBEYA
Analogue types of Computer uses what is known as analogue signals that are represented
by a continuous set of varying voltages and are used in scientific research centers?,
hospitals and flight centers

With analogue types of computer no values are represented by physical measurable

quantities e.g. voltages. Analogue computer types program arithmetic and logical operations
by measuring physical changes i.e. temperatures or pressure.

 Digital Computer type

With these types of computers operation are on electrical input that can attain two inputs,
states of ON=1 and state of OFF = 0. With digital type of computers data is represented by
digital of 0 and 1 or off state and on state. Digital computer type recognizes data by counting
discrete signal of (0 0r 1), they are high speed programmable; they compute values and
stores results. After looking at the Digital computer type and how it functions will move to the
third computer type as mentioned above.

 Hybrid type of Computer

Hybrid computer types are very unique, in the sense that they combined both analogue and
digital features and operations. With Hybrid computers operate by using digital to analogue
convertor and analogue to digital convertor. By linking the two types of computer above you
come up with this new computer type called Hybrid.

RVTSC MBEYA
 1: PC

RVTSC MBEYA
 Courtesy Apple

Courtesy Apple
Personal computers come in many forms, including the new Apple iPad.
The personal computer (PC) defines a computer designed for general use by
a single person. While a Mac is a PC, most people relate the term with
systems that run the Windows operating system. PCs were first known as
microcomputers because they were a complete computer but built on a
smaller scale than the huge systems in use by most businesses

RVTSC MBEYA
 2: Desktop

Desktop computers are usually less expensive than laptops.

A PC that is not designed for portability is a desktop computer.
The expectations with desktop systems are that you will set the
computer up in a permanent location. Most desktops offer more
power, storage and versatility for less cost than their portable
brethren.
RVTSC MBEYA
 3: Laptop

Apple CEO and co-founder Steve Jobs holds up the new Mac
Book Air at the 2008 Macworld.
Also called notebooks, laptops are portable computers that
integrate the display, keyboard, a pointing device or trackball,
processor, memory and hard drive all in a battery-operated package
slightly larger than an average hardcover book.

RVTSC MBEYA
 Netbook(PALM TOP)

Netbooks are smaller and cheaper than laptops.

Netbooks are ultra-portable computers that are even smaller than
traditional laptops. The extreme cost-effectiveness of netbooks
(roughly $300 to $500) means they're cheaper than almost any
brand-new laptop you'll find at retail outlets. However, netbooks'
internal components are less powerful than those in regular
laptops.
RVTSC MBEYA
 5: PDA

Peter Hahn, resident at Cornell Medical Center proudly displaying

the Palm Pilot he uses as a drug database.
Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs) are tightly integrated
computers that often use flash memory instead of a hard drive for
storage. These computers usually do not have keyboards but rely
on touchscreen technology for user input. PDAs are typically
smaller than a paperback novel, very lightweight with a reasonable
battery life. A slightly larger and heavier version of the PDA is the
handheld computer.

RVTSC MBEYA
 6: Workstation

Most sound editors use computer workstations for sound editing.

Another type of computer is a workstation. A workstation is
simply a desktop computer that has a more powerful processor,
additional memory and enhanced capabilities for performing a
special group of task, such as 3D Graphics or game development.

RVTSC MBEYA
 7: Server

Web server racks

A computer that has been optimized to provide services to other
computers over a network. Servers usually have powerful
processors, lots of memory and large hard drives. The next type of
computer can fill an entire room.

RVTSC MBEYA
 8: Mainframe

Whether it's a desktop PC or a massive supercomputer,

computing power all comes down to the processor.
In the early days of computing, mainframes were huge
computers that could fill an entire room or even a whole
floor! As the size of computers has diminished while the
power has increased, the term mainframe has fallen out of
use in favor of enterprise server. You'll still hear the term
used, particularly in large companies to describe the huge
machines processing millions of transactions every day
RVTSC MBEYA
 10: Wearable Computer

A woman wears Team Tsukamoto's prototype of a wearable PC.

The latest trend in computing is wearable computers. Essentially,
common computer applications (e-mail, database, multimedia,
calendar/scheduler) are integrated into watches, cell phones, visors
and even clothing.
RVTSC MBEYA
 9: Supercomputer

An employee of the Korea Institute of Science and

Technology Information checks the supercomputers at the
research institute.
This type of computer usually costs hundreds of thousands
or even millions of dollars. Although some supercomputers
are single computer systems, most are composed of
multiple high performance computers working in parallel
as a single system. The best known supercomputers are
built by Cray Supercomputers.
RVTSC MBEYA
 Screen saver
 The Advantages of a Screen Saver
 By an eHow Contributor
 In past decades, computer monitors comprised of cathode-ray tubes often
suffered "screen burn." A static image on the screen for hours could wear
down the phosphor coating, leaving a permanent ghostly imprint. Screen
savers were developed to blank the screen or fill it with lively motion graphics
in an effort to disrupt burn-in during inactive periods. This was the screen
saver's initial purpose, and the origin of its name. Computer monitors now
utilize LCD technology, eliminating the threat of burn-in. But screen savers can
still provide several useful services.
 Security
 Computer users are taking advantage of their screen savers' security
capabilities. Screen savers can be configured to request a password after a
period of inactivity, denying access to a thief or nosy coworker who might
attempt to log on while the user is away.
 Background Tasks
 Screen savers can also be programmed to trigger background tasks--
housekeeping programs such as scanning for viruses, defragmenting the hard
drive or creating indexes. With screen savers, these applications can run
unimpeded when the user is away or asleep

 LOCAL AREA NETWORK(LAN)

• Is a system where by PCs are connected

together within an organization.

RVTSC MBEYA
 WIDE AREA NETWORK(WAN)
Connection of computers over a wide area

RVTSC MBEYA
 Ports and Cables
Serial ports transmit one bit of data at a time.
A telephone cable (RJ11) is used to connect a modem to a
telephone outlet.
USB is a standard interface for connecting hot-swappable peripheral
devices to a computer. Some devices can also be powered through
the USB port.
FireWire is a high-speed, hot-swappable interface that can support
up to 63 devices. Some devices can also be powered through the
FireWire port.
A parallel cable is used to connect parallel devices, such as a printer
or scanner, and can transmit 8 bits of data at one time.
A SCSI port can transmit data at rates in excess of 320 Mbps and
can support up to 15 devices. SCSI devices must be terminated at
the endpoints of the SCSI chain.
RVTSC MBEYA
 Ports and Cables

A network port, also known as an RJ-45 port, connects a

computer to a network. The maximum length of network cable
is 328 feet (100 m).
A PS/2 port connects a keyboard or a mouse to a computer. The
PS/2 port is a 6-pin mini-DIN female connector.
An audio port connects audio devices to the computer.
A video port connects a monitor cable to a computer.

RVTSC MBEYA
 Windows Desktop Environment
 Desktop- The main display screen in Windows is known as the
desktop. This is the first screen of a window. The Desktop contains
the following Items:
 Icons-
Icons Icons are shortcuts to programs or files on
the computer desktop that improve navigation.
 Taskbar The taskbar contains the Start button,
The Taskbar-
quick launch buttons, currently running
applications and the clock
 menu The Start button displays the Start
The start menu-
menu. This menu allows access to virtually every
program and function on the PC.
 toolbar Quick launch buttons are similar
Quick launch toolbar-
to desktop icons as they are also shortcuts to
applications.
RVTSC MBEYA
The Desktop

RVTSC MBEYA
 WORKING WITH A WINDOW
Most applications have three small icons in the
upper right corner of the screen that are used to
minimize, maximize, or exit the application.
Minimize button-This
button puts the current application
window temporarily in the taskbar located at the
bottom of the desktop.You can return to where you
left off by clicking the program’s name on the task
bar.
Maximize/Restore button-
button Changes depending on
whether the window being viewed is opened
partially or fully. Click on this button to make the
application screen smaller or larger.
RVTSC MBEYA
 STARTING, SHUTTING DOWN,
AND RESTARTING MICROSOFT WINDOWS

To shut down the computer, click on the Start button

on the lower left corner of the Windows Taskbar and
select Shut Down.
Or press Ctrl+Alt+Delete, and click Shut Down from
the menu that displays.
Note: Do not turn the computer off until a message
displays indicating that it is safe to do so. Important
data that is stored in memory while the system is
running needs to be written to the hard disk before
turning off the computer.
RVTSC MBEYA
 Understanding Windows Menus
Start Menu:
Contains all access menus in the computers
e.g.Run,Help,Search,Settings,Documents,Progr
ams etc.
Working With Dialog Boxes
Beyond the menus available from the menu,
Windows uses dialog boxes to collect all of the
information it requires to carry out commands.
A dialog box is a sort of input form that allows
you to make selections from the predefined
options.
RVTSC MBEYA
 Menus
Search:
Help the user to find files or folders in the
computer.The search may base on file or folder
name,date of update,file size,file type and size etc.
Settings:
This menu help the user to make various settings,
installation of a printer/fax, customizing the start
button etc.
Documents:
This hosts the most recently used files, it can
contain up to 20 or so files depending on the
settings
Programs:
This menu contains all the programs installed in
the computers
RVTSC MBEYA
 Moving, Resizing and Hiding the Task Bar
 The Task bar is the command centre for Windows, and that’s is why always rests
along the bottom of the Screen. But you can decide to change the location of the
task bar along the Desktop screen.
 Steps for moving the Taskbar to a new Location
– Position the mouse over a blank area of the Taskbar and hold down the left mouse
button.
– Drag the task bar to the Left or Right or Up depending on your choice, when done
release the button.
 Steps for Resizing the Taskbar
– Position the pointer over the top edge of the task bar until it changes to a
– Drag the mouse up a half-inch and release the button. Then Drag the task bar to its
previous size.
 Steps for Hiding the Taskbar
– Right click on a blank area of the Taskbar.
– Select properties from the shortcut menu that appears.
– Click the auto hide option to check it, then click OK. Position the pointer near the very
bottom of the screen. NOTE. The Taskbar reappears whenever the mouse pointer is near
the bottom of the screen. When you move the mouse away from the bottom of the
RVTSC MBEYA
screen, the Taskbar will disappear.
 Other options available for the
Taskbar Customization
• Always on Top
– Ensures that the taskbar is always visible, even when
you run a program in full mode.
• Show Small Icons in Start Menu
– Shrinks the size of the start menu icons. Useful if your
start menu contains lots of programs.
• Show Clock
– Displays a digital clock on the taskbar. This option is
selected by default.
• Once done click OK RVTSC MBEYA
 Customizing the Desktop
Since you will access your Desktop on a regular basis, you will
likely want to customize it to suit your particular needs.
Windows 2000 allows you to customize your desktop in a
variety of ways by rearranging icons, change background colors
and patterns, set screen saver, customize Windows colors and
change Video resolution.

To customize the Desktop appearance access the following menu:

• Pont your mouse on an empty space on the desktop then
Click your Right mouse once and select Active Desktop =>
Customize My desktop or Choose Properties from the
Shortcut Menu that appears.
•Use the six tab from the Display Properties Dialog box to
change appearance of the desktop to suit your needs.
RVTSC MBEYA
 Working with Windows Explorer
• Windows Explorer displays the hierarchical
structure of files, folders, and drives on your
computer.
• Using Windows Explorer, you can copy, move,
rename, and search for files and folders
• For example, you can open a folder that
contains a file you want to copy or move, and
then drag it to another folder or even another
drive.
• To open Windows Explorer, click Start, point to
Programs, point to Accessories, and then click
Windows Explorer. Or Right Click on Start Menu
and Click on Explore To open Windows Explorer
RVTSC MBEYA
 Creating folders
 Folders provide a useful way to organize the files
on your system, providing logical places to create
and store your files.
 Create folders for categories that match the way
you want to organize your information, then save
your files in the most appropriate folder. You can
create a folder from almost anywhere in
Windows 2000
 To create a new folder follow these steps:
- Open windows explorer
- Click the drive or folder in which you want to create - a
new folder.
- On the File menu, point to New, and then click Folder
-Type a name for the new folder, and then press ENTER.
RVTSC MBEYA
 Deleting a Folder or a file
• Select the file or folder to be deleted
• Press delete key on the keyboard or
• Right click the file or folder you wish to delete
and then click on delete
• Accept delete from the dialog box that appears

RVTSC MBEYA
 Renaming folder or file
• Right click the file or folder to be renamed
• Select and click on Rename from the menu
• Type the new name
• Click outside or Press Enter Key on the
keyboard to complete renaming

RVTSC MBEYA
Selecting continuous Files or Folders
• Select the first file or folder
• Press and hold down the shift key from the
keyboard
• Click the last file in the list

RVTSC MBEYA
 Non-continuous selection
• Select the first file or folder.
• Press and hold down ctrl key from the
keyboard.
• Then Select files or folders by clicking
randomly from the list.

RVTSC MBEYA
 Copying Files/Folders
• Select file(s) or folder's) to be copied
• Right click while pointing to the selected
file/folder then select and click on copy.
• Right click while pointing to the destination
folder/drive and then click paste
• Or
• Select folders or files to be copied
• Press ctrl key and drag the folders to the
destination folder/drive.

RVTSC MBEYA
 Moving Files/Folders
• Select files or folders to be moved
• Right click while pointing to the file/folder to be
moved then select Cut from the menu
• Right click while pointing to the destination
folder and then click on paste.
• Or
• Select the files/folders to be moved
• Drag and drop the files or folders to the
destination

RVTSC MBEYA