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    Introductory Concepts of Circuit Topology and DC Excitations

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    France Mae Camogao
    This document provides an overview of fundamental electrical components and concepts for circuit analysis: 1. It describes basic circuit components like resistors, capacitors, inductors, diodes, transistors, switches, LEDs, potentiometers, relays, fuses, circuit breakers, and transformers. 2. It explains two primary circuit topologies - series circuits where current flows through components end-to-end, and parallel circuits where multiple pathways allow current to split. 3. It introduces how direct current (DC) excitation establishes a potential difference to push electrons through a circuit, with current proportional to voltage and inversely proportional to resistance as defined by Ohm's Law.

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    Introductory Concepts of Circuit Topology and DC Excitations

    Uploaded by

    France Mae Camogao
    90 views34 pages
    This document provides an overview of fundamental electrical components and concepts for circuit analysis: 1. It describes basic circuit components like resistors, capacitors, inductors, diodes, transistors, switches, LEDs, potentiometers, relays, fuses, circuit breakers, and transformers. 2. It explains two primary circuit topologies - series circuits where current flows through components end-to-end, and parallel circuits where multiple pathways allow current to split. 3. It introduces how direct current (DC) excitation establishes a potential difference to push electrons through a circuit, with current proportional to voltage and inversely proportional to resistance as defined by Ohm's Law.

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    This document provides an overview of fundamental electrical components and concepts for circuit analysis: 1. It describes basic circuit components like resistors, capacitors, inductors, diodes, transistors, switches, LEDs, potentiometers, relays, fuses, circuit breakers, and transformers. 2. It explains two primary circuit topologies - series circuits where current flows through components end-to-end, and parallel circuits where multiple pathways allow current to split. 3. It introduces how direct current (DC) excitation establishes a potential difference to push electrons through a circuit, with current proportional to voltage and inversely proportional to resistance as defined by Ohm's Law.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    90 views34 pages

    Introductory Concepts of Circuit Topology and DC Excitations

    Uploaded by

    France Mae Camogao
    This document provides an overview of fundamental electrical components and concepts for circuit analysis: 1. It describes basic circuit components like resistors, capacitors, inductors, diodes, transistors, switches, LEDs, potentiometers, relays, fuses, circuit breakers, and transformers. 2. It explains two primary circuit topologies - series circuits where current flows through components end-to-end, and parallel circuits where multiple pathways allow current to split. 3. It introduces how direct current (DC) excitation establishes a potential difference to push electrons through a circuit, with current proportional to voltage and inversely proportional to resistance as defined by Ohm's Law.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 34

    FUNDAMENTALS OF

    ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS
    Prepared by: Engr. France Mae D. Camogao
     This course introduces the fundamental concepts, circuit laws,
    theorems and techniques used in electrical circuit analysis and
    transient analysis, as well as its application.
    form the foundation of understanding how electricity flows and
    behaves within various systems.
    BASIC ELECTRICAL
    COMPONENTS
    RESISTORS
    These components resist the flow
    of electric current and are used to
    control voltage levels and current
    flow in a circuit.
    CAPACITORS
    Capacitors store and release
    electric charge, which can be used
    to filter signals, smooth voltage
    levels, and perform various timing
    functions.
    INDUCTORS
    Inductors store energy in the form
    of a magnetic field and are often
    used in circuits involving
    changing currents or as
    components in filters.
    DIODES
    Diodes allow current to flow in
    only one direction, and they are
    crucial for rectification and
    switching applications.
    TRANSISTORS
    Transistors are semiconductor
    devices that can amplify
    signals and act as switches.
    They are fundamental to
    modern electronics and digital
    circuits.
    SWITCH
    A switch is a device that opens
    or closes a circuit, allowing or
    interrupting the flow of
    current. It is used to control the
    on/off state of a circuit.
    LED (Light-Emitting
    Diode)
    An LED is a specialized diode
    that emits light when current
    passes through it. LEDs are
    used for lighting, indicators,
    and displays.
    Potentiometer
    Also known as a variable
    resistor, a potentiometer is a
    three-terminal resistor with an
    adjustable slider that can vary
    the resistance across its
    terminals.
    RELAY
    A relay is an electrically operated
    switch that uses an electromagnet
    to control the opening and
    closing of its contacts. It's used
    to control high-power devices
    with a low-power signal.
    FUSE
    A fuse is a safety device that
    protects circuits from
    overcurrent by melting when
    current exceeds a safe level. It
    breaks the circuit, preventing
    damage or fire.
    CIRCUIT
    BREAKER
    Similar to a fuse, a circuit
    breaker is an automatic switch
    that interrupts electrical flow
    when current exceeds a certain
    limit. Unlike fuses, circuit
    breakers can be reset.
    TRANSFORMER
    A transformer is a device that
    transfers electrical energy
    between two or more circuits
    through electromagnetic
    induction. It's used to step up
    or step down voltage levels.
    TRANSFORMER
    A transformer is a device that
    transfers electrical energy
    between two or more circuits
    through electromagnetic
    induction. It's used to step up
    or step down voltage levels.
    CRYSTAL
    OSCILLATOR
    A crystal oscillator uses the
    piezoelectric properties of
    crystals to generate precise and
    stable electrical oscillations,
    commonly used in timing
    circuits.
    VOLTAGE
    REGULATOR
    A voltage regulator maintains
    a stable output voltage by
    adjusting the input voltage,
    ensuring consistent power
    supply to sensitive
    components.
    COMPONENT SYMBOLS
    Circuit Topologies and DC Excitations

    Circuit topologies refer to the arrangement of components and connections within a circuit, while
    DC excitations involve the application of direct current (DC) to a circuit. In this lesson, we'll explore
    different circuit topologies and how they are affected by DC excitations.
    What is a Circuit?
    A circuit is a closed loop or pathway through which electric
    current can flow. It consists of various components such as
    resistors, capacitors, inductors, and voltage or current sources.
    Circuits can be simple, like a flashlight circuit, or complex, like
    the intricate electronic systems found in computers and
    smartphones.
    TWO PRIMARY CIRCUIT
    TOPOLOGIES
    SERIES CIRCUIT
    A series circuit is a type of electrical
    circuit in which the components are
    connected end-to-end in a single,
    continuous pathway for electric current
    to flow. In a series circuit, there is only
    one path for the current to follow, and
    the current passes through each
    component in succession.
    PARALLEL
    CIRCUIT
    A parallel circuit is a type of electrical
    circuit in which multiple components
    are connected across the same two
    points, creating multiple pathways for
    electric current to flow. In a parallel
    circuit, each component is connected to
    the same voltage source, and the voltage
    across each component is the same.
    How does the flow of current and voltage in
    a typical electronic circuit works?

    Electric current is the flow of electric charge through a conductor. In an electronic


    circuit, the flow of current is driven by the movement of electrons. Electrons have a
    negative charge, and they move from areas of higher electric potential (voltage) to areas
    of lower electric potential. This movement occurs due to the presence of a voltage
    difference or potential difference across the circuit components.
    How does the flow of current and voltage in
    a typical electronic circuit works?

    Imagine a simple circuit consisting of a power source (like a battery), a resistor, and
    a switch. When the switch is closed, the battery establishes a potential difference
    between its positive and negative terminals. This potential difference creates an electric
    field that pushes electrons from the negative terminal (higher potential) through the
    circuit components toward the positive terminal (lower potential). This flow of electrons
    constitutes an electric current.
    How does the flow of current and voltage in
    a typical electronic circuit works?

    The magnitude of the current is determined by the voltage (potential difference) across
    the circuit and the resistance encountered by the electrons as they move through the
    components.
    TAKE NOTE:
    According to Ohm's law (I = V/R), the current (I) is directly proportional to the
    voltage (V) and inversely proportional to the resistance (R) in the circuit.
    OHM'S LAW

    Current – is the flow of electrons in a circuit


    Voltage - is the difference in electric potential between two points. It is the
    “push” that causes the current to flow
    Resistance - is a measure of the opposition to current flow in an electrical
    circuit.
    V=IxR
    ELECTRICAL FORMULA
    CIRCUIT ANALYSIS

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