Stream-Oriented Communication

Communication Models for
Distributed Systems:
presentation on Stream-Oriented
Communication
Prepared by
1.Girmay hadush
2.Shishay Tekle
3.Betselot Tadilo
Submitted Date: 28/12/2022

Submitted to: Dr. Tessefu G.
Stream-oriented communication
What is stream-oriented communication?
 stream-oriented communication: is a type of

communication in which data is transmitted as a
continuous flow of information, rather than
discrete packets.
 This allows for more efficient communication: as

data can be transmitted and received as it
becomes available, rather than waiting for all the
data to be collected before sending it.
Which media supported SOC?

 Media: is a channels through which information is
transmitted.
 In the context of information and communication

technology media can be classified as either discrete or
continuous
 Discrete media: forms of information that are made up

of discrete units or chunks, such as
 text
 Spread sheets
 documents
 numbers, and
 images
Which media supported SOC?
 continuous: forms of information that are continuous and

do not have a fixed set of discrete values or symbols.
Examples of continuous media include
 audio,
 video,
 and real-time data streams
These types of media are typically more difficult to store,
transmit, and process digitally, as they require a constant flow
of data.
Note: stream oriented supported continuous media.


Modes of transmission
Simplex: In simplex mode, data is transmitted in only one

1.
direction, from the sender to the receiver. This mode is

typically used for broadcast-style communication, where the
sender is transmitting information to multiple receivers.
Half-duplex: In half-duplex mode, data can be transmitted
2.
in both directions, but not simultaneously. Or communication

can occur in one direction at a time. E.g. walkie talkies …
Full-duplex: In full-duplex mode, data can be transmitted in

3.
both directions simultaneously. This mode is commonly used

for communication over dedicated connections, such as a
Ethernet cable, Telephone lines, where both parties can send
and receive data at the same time
Multiplexing: Multiplexing is a technique that allows

3.
multiple streams of data to be transmitted over a single

channel.
5. Asynchronous and synchronous and isochronous transmission:
Asynchronous transmission mode: Asynchronous transmission is a

method of transmitting data in which the transmission speed of the
sender and receiver are not synchronized.
Synchronous transmission mode: In synchronous transmission, the

sender and receiver are synchronized by a clock signal, so the data
must be delivered at the same speed as it is transmitted.
Isochronous transmission mode: has a maximum and minimum end-

to-end delay requirement (jitter is bounded)
Not too slow, but not too fast either
Data streams
A data stream: is a continuous flow of data that is transmitted from

one device to another over a communication channel.
Data streams can be transmitted using a variety of protocols, such as


 TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) and

 UDP (User Datagram Protocol)
Characteristics of stream-oriented communication
 Continuous flow of data

 Streams can be either unidirectional or bidirectional
(telephone), depending on the nature of the
communication.
 Data is transmitted in a sequence of bytes or characters
 Data is transmitted as it is produced or consumed,
without waiting for the entire message to be sent or
received
Examples of stream-Oriented Communication

 Video streaming,
 Voice over IP(VOIP),
 Online gaming
Stream and Quality of Services
 Quality of service (QoS) refers to the overall

performance and reliability of a network or system in
terms of its ability to deliver a certain level of service to
its users.
 In our context: its transmitting data over a network or
between systems
Factors that can affect the QoS
 Bandwidth: The amount of data that can be

transmitted over a given period of time, usually
measured in bits per second (bps). A stream with
higher bandwidth will be able to transmit more data in
a given time period, which can improve its QoS
 Latency: The time it takes for data to be transmitted

from one point to another. A stream with low latency
will have a faster response time, which can improve its
QoS.
Factors that can affect the QoS
 Jitter: The variation in the time it takes for data to be

transmitted and received from one point to another. A
stream with low jitter will have more consistent
transmission times, which can improve its QoS.
 Packet loss: The percentage of data packets that are
lost during transmission. A stream with low packet loss
will have better reliability, which can improve its QoS
So how can we improve network QoS?
 Increase bandwidth
 Reduce latency(reduce delay)
 Reduce jitter
 Reduce packet loss(increase reliability)
 Use load balancing: By distributing the load across multiple
connections or servers, it is possible to improve the QoS of
the network by ensuring that no single point becomes
overloaded.
 Use traffic shaping: By limiting the amount of data that can
be transmitted at any given time
 Can be applied in both server side and client side.
Advantages of stream-oriented communication
 Efficient use of network resources

 Ability to handle large amounts of data
 Ability to transmit data in real-time
Disadvantages of stream-oriented communication

 More complex to implement than message-
oriented communication
 Difficult to recover from errors or interruptions in
the communication
Generally
 Stream-oriented communication is a useful
approach for transmitting large amounts of data
in real-time, but it requires careful
implementation to ensure reliable communication.
Thank you

Stream-Oriented Communication

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Communication Models for

Submitted Date: 28/12/2022

What is stream-oriented communication?

 stream-oriented communication: is a type of

 This allows for more efficient communication: as

Which media supported SOC?

 In the context of information and communication

 Discrete media: forms of information that are made up

Which media supported SOC?

 continuous: forms of information that are continuous and

Note: stream oriented supported continuous media.

Simplex: In simplex mode, data is transmitted in only one

direction, from the sender to the receiver. This mode is

in both directions, but not simultaneously. Or communication

Full-duplex: In full-duplex mode, data can be transmitted in

both directions simultaneously. This mode is commonly used

Multiplexing: Multiplexing is a technique that allows

multiple streams of data to be transmitted over a single

Asynchronous transmission mode: Asynchronous transmission is a

Synchronous transmission mode: In synchronous transmission, the

Isochronous transmission mode: has a maximum and minimum end-

A data stream: is a continuous flow of data that is transmitted from

Data streams can be transmitted using a variety of protocols, such as

 TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) and

 Continuous flow of data

Examples of stream-Oriented Communication

Stream and Quality of Services

 Quality of service (QoS) refers to the overall

Factors that can affect the QoS

 Bandwidth: The amount of data that can be

 Latency: The time it takes for data to be transmitted

Factors that can affect the QoS

 Jitter: The variation in the time it takes for data to be

So how can we improve network QoS?

Advantages of stream-oriented communication

 Efficient use of network resources

Disadvantages of stream-oriented communication

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