Levels of Reading

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LEVELS OF

READING
THE THREE LEVELS OF READING
• Reading is a complicated process that's difficult
to learn, not least because there are so many
things involved. One of the ways we can split
up the challenge of reading is to think of there
being three levels of reading. These levels are
sometimes known as the three levels of
meaning, and they are:
THE LITERAL LEVEL
• (reading on the lines) - what are the words and what are
their meanings?
• It's sometimes known as reading on the lines, because we
only pay attention to exactly what is written down in front
of us. The literal level is just as important for understanding
spoken language, recognising sounds as words and
connecting them to meanings.
At the literal level, we can't assume anything. Take the word 'fire',
how many different kinds of fire can you think of? There's
fireplaces, campfires, bonfires, building fires, forest fires,
controlled fires, wildfires, dangerous fires, useful fires and more,
all covered by this one word. At the literal level, we don't know
what kind of fire is being described. For that, we have to go down
to the inferential level.
THE INFERENTIAL LEVEL
• The inferential level is also known as reading between the
lines, and it's all about understanding the meaning that isn't
obvious in the definitions of each individual word.
• The word inferential may look long and complicated, but
it's just talking about what we infer from a text. These are
the things a text implies or suggests to us. For this level, we
think about the words in their context, and we consider
what associations we have with them.
• Idioms and metaphors are also good examples for this.
When someone says they're over the moon or that someone
is a snake, they don't mean that these things are literally
true. They're asking us to infer that they're really happy, or
that the person they're talking about is cunning and
untrustworthy. In these cases, the inferential level is very
far removed from the literal level.
THE EVALUATIVE LEVEL
• At the evaluative level, we're asking ourselves the meaning of the entire text,
beyond what's there and what we can infer. We want to know its message, and
we want to connect it to our own experiences and opinions, and those of
others. We mentioned that our experiences might affect how we infer, but
here they are central to our complete understanding of a text and its characters
• The evaluative level always depends on at least one of the other two levels.
Only by understanding what's literally there and what's hidden a little deeper
can we look at the overall impact. That's why it's important to use quotations
to back up your answers on reading tests. When you give an opinion about the
book and its characters or events, you need to explain what parts of the text
make you think that and why.
• At the evaluative level, we put more of ourselves into the story. We
think about how we would react in that situation, how the events are
similar to our own lives and how we might think differently now
we've read it. The evaluative level is all about the big questions.
• This is the level where you're most likely to disagree with other
people about what a text means. Everyone's opinions are just as
valuable and justified. There's no right and wrong at the evaluative
level. It's all about sharing ideas and enjoying how we are so diverse
that we can read the same thing and come to such different
conclusions.
THE THREE LEVELS OF READING

• Literal (reading on the lines) - what are the words and what are
their meanings?
• Inferential (reading between the lines) - what are the words
suggesting and implying in this situation?
• Evaluative (reading beyond the lines) - how do these words
contribute to the text as a whole and/or the world outside the text

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