The Oral

Presentation
Objectives:
 at the end of the lesson the students are
expected to;

 a. deliver effectively the introduction and

conclusion of your oral presentation to create
lasting impressions;

 b. employ vocal and physical factors, eye contact,

and presentation aids for effective delivery ;and

 c. critique an oral presentation.

 Some students and professionals do
not like the idea of speaking in public,
whether in front of small or large
groups. Just the thought that they will
be facing people already makes them
jittery. However, this is a normal part of
life . When you become professionals,
there will always be a time that you will
face an audience.
 It may come as an unplanned
activity in which you will forced to
speak impromptu or it may be a
previously planned event that has
given you sufficient time to
prepare. Whatever the case may
be , you need to exude some
degree of confidence as
presentation of oral reports or
speeches can be very threatening.
 As a students, you
should take seriously
any opportunity that
comes your way and
that requires you to
deliver a talk.
For example, in class,
there will be instances
when you asked to make
an oral report of a
assigned to you . You may
asked to deliver a speech
as a classroom activity.
 Though you may find
theses tasks difficult, you
need take them seriously
as they will certainly
benefit you when you
become professionals.
 Being able to speak
effectively in front of an
audience will always be an
advantage. Some
professionals become most
sought- after speakers
because of their good oral
communication skills.
 They are invited to give keynote
speeches or give lectures on a select
topic in conferences or give trainings in
seminar-workshops. Sometimes, they
are also tapped to give a sales pitch or
a product presentation , Likewise, they
are asked to deliver inspirational or
motivational speeches during
graduation ceremonies or in a similar
communication setting.
 “General Principles of
Effective Communication”
and Principles of effective
Oral Communication”

These principles are
related to public
speaking. Consider the
following so you can
render an effective
speech and be a good
public speaker:
 Audience
Know the profile of your
listeners. It is important that you
know who will listen to you- their
age , gender, educational
background , religion , economic
status , and interests . Also, know
how much the audience knows
about the topic.
 That way, you can avoid discussing
points that would run contrary to their
beliefs and practices and thus prevent
miscommunication and misunderstanding.
Further, you can introduce new things for
them to learn and not simply repeat things
that they may have already learned from
previous speakers . Know how to read the
posture and gestures of your audience
members as these will signal to you what
kind an audience they are.
 Logistics
 It
is something basic or essential for
every speaker to know who is
organizing the event. Know who will
be introducing you and who will be
speaking before and after you. That
way will be able to tie up the earlier
presentation. You may even give the
audience an idea as to what the next
talk is going to be.
 Venue
 Thevenue is equally important.
Locate the lights and if you have
movable visuals aids, know where
to position them. As a speaker
you should also know how to
position yourself and how you
should move in front to get the
attention of the listeners.
 Facilities
 Ask beforehand about the pieces of
equipment available for you. These
facilities should match the presentation
aids that you will use. If there is no
available projector, find a way to have one
especially if your visual aids are highly
complex. If there are any electrical
problems or technical glitches you
encounter, know how to trouble –shoot
them.
Content of report/ speech/lecture
 Since you have been invited as a
speaker, the organizers might have
sought you because of your reputation
as an effective speaker. If the purpose
of the event is to inform just like in a
convention, conference, or a training-
seminar , it is expected that you are
able to contribute new information.
 So how do you
prepare for the big
event? The following
are some tips for you:
 1. Read a lot. Research on the
topic assigned to you. With the
fast changing times, it is
certain that there are new
developments that have
occurred in the field. As a
speaker, you should be kept
abreast of these new
development by reading a lot.
 2.Prepare your oral presentation with
an introduction ,body and a
conclusion . There different
techniques to open and close your
presentation: (a)using a startling or
shocking statement, (b) beginning
with a question ;(c) using quotation
(d)narrating an enecdote or a story(e)
singing a line from a song: and (f)
presenting statistics.
 The strategy you will employ
should match the topic that you
will present. For example, you
cannot sing a happy song if the
topic has something to do with a
tragic event. Remember that your
introduction and concluding
parts will leave a lasting
impression on your audience.
 3. rehearse by practicing aloud and getting
the feedback of those who will act as your
audience during the rehearsal stage. You may
invite your family or friends to listen to you
while rehearsing. Their comments and
suggestions can be useful for you to improve
your presentation before the big day.
4. use technology. In this day and age, most
speakers use technology. Technology forms
part of their audio and visual aids .Through
these tools , listeners can easily follow the
discussion because they not only hear but also
see the highlights of the presentation.
A disadvantage , however, is that some
speakers rely on their visuals that when
technical problems arise , they are caught off-
guard and their presentation goes awry.
Delivering the report/speech/talk

Now that you have prepared your

report /speech /talk, you are ready
to make your oral presentation. You
have spent a great deal of time
reading ,researching , and writing
this oral output so you should also
do your deliver it confidently.
 When you deliver your report
speech or talk make use of both
the verbal and non- verbal code.
These are two codes are always
linked together .While the former
is important, the latter is equally
essential as it gives emphasis to
a striking thought or idea.
 Paralinguistic cues
 Subsumed under this category are
facial expression , posture, gesture, and
movement. For facial expression , the
eyes and eye- to – eye contact are very
important. There is the saying which
states; “The eyes are the window to the
soul.” This means that by establishing
eye contact or through gazing, one can
detect the emotional state of a person.
 For example:
 It is difficult to hide your real
emotions and fake your feelings when
people look straight into your eyes.
When you are happy, your eyes
become bigger without you being
conscious about it. When you are sad,
worried or an anxious, your eyes
become smaller as you raise your
eyebrows and make them furrow.
 Prosodic Features
 When making a presentation, there
are features that you need to observe.
When you speak , aim at delivering
your message clearly through
intelligible and comprehensible
pronunciation . You need to articulate
the sounds clearly by paying attention
to how you move your lips, tongue,
and teeth.
 Presenting in Groups
 The earlier discussions apply to both
individual and group presentations.
However, when making a group
presentation, everyone should be a team
player and members should not compete
with each other. Note that since you are
working with a team, there should be
coordination among you. Guidelines
should be strictly followed especially if it is
a group task.

Planning is of the
essence so that your
presentation is
coherent and does
not become
fragmented.
 Tips:
 1. Assign a specific task to each group
member.
 2. Divide the work accordingly. Each

should know the part assigned to

him/her as well as the time allotted to
each.
 3. Decide on a strategy as to how you

will begin and end your group

presentation.
4. Prepare your audio-visual aids to hold the
attention and increase the interest of the
listeners.

5. Practice on your own. Then come up with a

schedule acceptable to the team in which you
can rehearse as a group.

6. Get feedback from your teammates as to

how you can still improve your presentation
in particular and the presentation of the
group in general.
 7. As individual and group presenters, think
of possible questions that may arise after the
presentation. If you cannot think of an
answer, seek the help of your groupmates.

 8. As individual and group presenters,

respond to questions effectively during the
question time. If it happens that nobody from
the group knows the answer , be honest to
admit that you will find time to research on
the matter.
Overcoming Anxiety or Stage Fright
 Many speakers become tense
when making small and big
presentations. This is
normal.Becoming nervous only
shows that you care about your
presentations. You are concerned
about whether the audience will
pick up something from your talk.

Note that a little amount of
nervous tension is needed if
you aspire for an excellent
performance. At the beginning,
you may experience anxiety,
but as you go along with your
presentation , your nervous
tension will ease up.

Eugene White and Claire
Henderlinder (1956) stated
that:

“We do not actually fear the

process of speaking as such but
a negative response, comment,
or feedback from the listeners.

There are ways by which you
can overcome stage fright. One
way is by preparing thoroughly
for your presentation. It is
important that you know about
the topic and that you know
more than your listeners.
Another way is to practice.

Stage fright then can be
minimized . It is not also a
negative feeling all the time.
Learn how to convert this
social fear into something
positive so that you can
aspire for top performance.
Thank You!