Chapter-3: Coordinate Geometry

Chapter- 3
Coordinate Geometry
Cartesian System
If we take two number lines, one horizontal and one vertical, and then combine them in such a way that they intersect each other
at their zeroes, and then they form a Cartesian Plane.
 The horizontal line is known as the x-axis and the vertical line is known as the y-axis.
 The point where these two lines intersects each other is called the origin. It is represented as
‘O’.
 OX and OY are the positive directions as the positive numbers lie in the right and upward
direction.
Quadrants of the Cartesian Plane
The Cartesian plane is dividing into four quadrants named as Quadrant I, II, III, and IV anticlockwise from OX.
Coordinates of a Point
To write the coordinates of a point we need to follow these rules-
 The x - coordinate of a point is marked by drawing perpendicular from the y-axis measured a length of the x-axis .It is also
called the Abscissa.
 The y - coordinate of a point is marked by drawing a perpendicular from the x-axis measured a length of the y-axis .It is also
called the Ordinate.
 While writing the coordinates of a point in the coordinate plane, the x - coordinate comes first, and then the y - coordinate.
We write the coordinates in brackets.
In the above figure, OB = CA = x coordinate (Abscissa), and CO = AB = y coordinate (Ordinate).

We write the coordinate as (x, y).
Remark: As the origin O has zero distance from the x-axis and the y-axis so its abscissa and ordinate are zero. Hence the
coordinate of the origin is (0, 0).
The relationship between the signs of the coordinates of a point and the quadrant of a point in which it lies.
Quadra Coordin
nt ate Sign in the quadrant
I (+, +) 1st quadrant is enclosed by the positive x-axis and the positive y-axis.
II (-, +) 2nd quadrant is enclosed by the negative x-axis and the positive y-axis.
III (-, -) 3rd quadrant is enclosed by the negative x-axis and the negative y-axis.
IV (+, -) 4th quadrant is enclosed by the positive x-axis and the negative y-axis
Plotting a Point in the Plane if its Coordinates are Given
Plotting a Point in the Plane if its Coordinates are GivenSteps to plot the point (2, 3) on the Cartesian plane -
First of all, we need to draw the Cartesian plane by drawing the coordinate axes with 1 unit = 1 cm.
To mark the x coordinates, starting from 0 moves towards the positive x-axis and count to 2.
To mark the y coordinate, starting from 2 moves upwards in the positive direction and count to 3.
Now this point is the coordinate (2, 3)
Likewise, we can plot all the other points, like (-3, 1) and (-1.5,-2.5) in the right site figure.
NOTE:
Is the coordinates (x, y) = (y, x)?
Let x = (-4) and y = (-2)
So (x, y) = (- 4, – 2)
(y, x) = (- 2, - 4)
Let’s mark these coordinates on the Cartesian plane.
You can see that the positions of both the points are different in the Cartesian plane. So,
If x ≠ y, then (x, y) ≠ (y, x), and (x, y) = (y, x), if x = y.
Example:
Plot the points (6, 4), (- 6,- 4), (- 6, 4) and (6,- 4) on the Cartesian plane.
Solution: As you can see in (6, 4) both the numbers are positive so it will come in the first quadrant.
For x coordinate, we will move towards the right and count to 6.
Then from that point go upward and count to 4.
Mark that point as the coordinate (6, 4).
Similarly, we can plot all the other three points.

Extra Questions: Chapter 3
Question 1: A point with coordinates (3, -3) lies in which quadrant of the coordinate axis?
Answer: 4th Quadrant.
Question 2:The distance of a point from the y-axis is called its _______, or ________, and the distance of the point from the x-
axis is called its ________, or _________.
Answer: The distance of a point from the y-axis is called its x-coordinate, or abscissa, and the distance of the point from the x-
axis is called its y-coordinate, or ordinate.
Question 3: The signs of the coordinates of a point are of the form _______ in the first quadrant, _________ in the second
quadrant, ______ in the third quadrant and_______ in the fourth quadrant, where + denotes a positive real number and –
denotes a negative real number.
a. (+ , +), (–, +), (–, –), (+, –)
b. (–, +), (–, –), (+, –), (+ , +)
c. (–, –), (–, +), (+, –), (+ , +)

d. (+ , +), (–, –), (–, +), (+, –)
Answer: (a) The coordinates of a point are of the form (+ , +) in the first quadrant, (–, +) in the second quadrant, (–, –) in the
third quadrant and (+, –) in the fourth quadrant, where + denotes a positive real number and – denotes a negative real number.
Question 6: Given (5, y) = (y, 5). What is the value of y?
Answer: As we know that (x, y) = (y, x) is possible when x = y. Here x = 5, so y = 5.
Question 7: An ant moves 5 meters in the east direction and 5 meters in the south direction. What is the
position of the ant in the coordinate axes assuming origin to be the point from where she starts travelling?
Answer: (5, -5).
Question 8: A person covers 10 meters in the north direction. What is his position in the coordinate axis
assuming origin to the point from where he starts travelling?
Answer: (0, 10).
Question 9: What are the coordinates of origin?
Answer: (0, 0).
Question 10: What is the distance between the points (0, 5) and (0, -5)?
Answer: 10 units.

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Chapter- 3

In the above figure, OB = CA = x coordinate (Abscissa), and CO = AB = y coordinate (Ordinate).

Now this point is the coordinate (2, 3)

Let x = (-4) and y = (-2)

Let’s mark these coordinates on the Cartesian plane.

For x coordinate, we will move towards the right and count to 6.

Then from that point go upward and count to 4.

Mark that point as the coordinate (6, 4).

Similarly, we can plot all the other three points.

a. (+ , +), (–, +), (–, –), (+, –)

b. (–, +), (–, –), (+, –), (+ , +)

c. (–, –), (–, +), (+, –), (+ , +)

Answer: As we know that (x, y) = (y, x) is possible when x = y. Here x = 5, so y = 5.

Answer: (5, -5).

Answer: (0, 10).

Question 9: What are the coordinates of origin?

Answer: (0, 0).

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