DOS Internal Commands

DOS
(DISK OPERATING SYSTEM)

DOS-HISTORY
DOS Stands for "Disk Operating System.“ DOS was the first
operating system used by IBM-compatible computers.
 It was originally available in two versions that having the same

features, but marketed under two different names:
i. >> "PC-DOS" was the version developed by IBM and sold to the first
IBM-compatible manufacturers.
ii. >> "MS-DOS" was the version that was bought by Microsoft, and was
bundled with the first versions of Windows.
DOS - DEFINITION
 DOS uses a command line, or text-based interface to interact

with computer, that allows the user to type commands.
Basically, DOS is the medium through which the user and
external devices attached with the system to communicate with
each other.
 This made the operating system difficult to use, that is why

later on Microsoft bundled the graphic-based
Windows operating system with DOS.
MS-DOS COMMANDS:
 MS-DOS commands are used for the functioning of file and

disk activities. There are two types of MS-DOS commands:
 1) Internal Commands
 2) External Commands
DOS
 Internal Command: Internal Commands work with the help

of Command.Com file. The features of Internal Commands are
as follows-
 The working speed of these commands is very fast.

 The length of Internal Command is very short.
 The example of Internal Command are: –
DATE, TIME, VOL, VER, CLS, DIR, MD, COPY CON etc.
HOW TO START MS-DOS?
 At First, click on “START” button

 Click on “All Programs”
 Click on “Accessories”
 At last click on “Command Prompt”
Command prompt will look like as follows :

HOW TO CHANGE DRIVE?
Input any “Drive Name” then press “:” from keyboard &
press “Enter”
Eg :- E:
HOW TO START MS-DOS?
 At First, click on “START” button

 Click on “All Programs”
 Click on “Accessories”
 At last click on “Command Prompt”
Command prompt will look like as follows :

HOW TO EXIT FROM ONE DIRECTORY
 Syntax : CD..
This command is used to get exit from one directory.

HOW TO EXIT FROM MULTIPLE
DIRECTORIES
 Syntax : CD/ OR CD\ (any type of slash can be used)
This command is used to get exit from multiple directories.
HOW TO ENTER IN ANY DIRECTORY OR
FOLDER
 Syntax : CD Folder name
 CD USERS (press ENTER)
This command is used to get enter into any directory.

DATE

 DATE– It is an Internal Command. By this Command we can check and

modify the current date of the computer system.
TIME
 TIME – It is an Internal Command. By this we can see

and display the current time on the computer system.

VOL
 VOL (Volume) – It is an Internal Command. By this
command, we can see the Volume number of system
software.
VER

 VER (Version) – It is an Internal Command. By this

command, we can see the version number of system
software.
CLS
 CLS – It is an Internal Command. This command is used to
clear the screen.
DIR
 DIR – It is an Internal Command. This command is used to display
the available files and folders into the particular drive . For ex : if user
is writing the command DIR for E: drive than it will show the files and folders
available in the E: drive. Same rule apply for other drives.
 Syntax : - C:\>DIR
DIR/P
 It is an Internal Command. By this command you can display
page wise files and folders name.
 Syntax : - C:\>DIR/P
DIR/W
 It is an Internal Command. By this command we can display
width wise all files and directories name list without time, size
etc.
 Syntax : - C:\>DIR /W
DIR/B
only primary name list of files and directories.
 Syntax : - C:\>DIR/B
DIR/L
It is an Internal Command. By this command we can display the
file and directories name with lower case.
 Syntax : - C:\>DIR
DIR/S
It is an Internal Command. By this command we can display
directories name with sub directories and files
 Syntax : - C:\>DIR/S
DIR/AH
the hidden file from the particular drive.
 Syntax : - C:\>DIR/AH
DIR A*.*
all file names beginning the ‘A’ letter.
 Syntax : - C:\>DIR A*.*

DIR *.SYS
the files name with .sys extension name.
 Syntax : - C:\>DIR *.sys

DIR *.TXT
 It is an Internal Command. By this command, we can display
files name with ‘.txt’ extension name.
Syntax : - E:\>DIR *.TXT

DIR ?A*.*
the file name in which the second letter is ‘A’.
 Syntax : - C:\>DIR ?A*.*

TYPE
It is an Internal Command. By this command we can see the
file content. (Which file do you want to see just Input the file
name)
 Syntax : - C:\>TYPE File name

REN(RENAME)
It is an Internal Command. This command is used to change the
file name.
 Syntax : - C:\>REN Old file name New file name

 D:\> REN C.txt D.txt
DEL
It is an Internal Command. This command is used to delete any
old file.
 Syntax : - C:\>DEL FILE NAME

 C:\>DEL c.txt
MD (MAKE DIRECTORY)
It is an Internal Command. By this command the user can create
any new directory or folder.
 Syntax : - C:\>MD <new directory name>
 C:\>MD college
CD (CHANGE DIRECTORY)
It is an Internal Command. This command is used to get enter
into any old directory
 Syntax : - C:\>CD <DIR name>
 C:\>CD college
CD..
It is an Internal Command. This command is used to get exit
from one directory
 Syntax : - C:\>CD..

CD\
It is an Internal Command. This command is used to get exit from
all directories and come back to the main drive.
 Syntax : - C:\>CD/

RD (REMOVE DIRECTORY)
It is an Internal Command. This command is used to delete any directory one by one but
if you want to delete any subdirectory then you have get enter in it.
 Syntax : - C:\>RD <DIR name>

COPY CON
It is an Internal Command. By this command we can create a new file.
TYPE
It is an Internal Command. By this command we can see or check the
file content. (Which file do you want to see just Input the file name)
 Syntax : - C:\>TYPE <File name>

REN (RENAME)
REN (Rename): – It is an Internal Command. This command is used to change the file name.

DEL (DELETE)
DEL (Delete): – It is an Internal Command. This command is used to delete any old
file.

DOS Internal Commands

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DOS

(DISK OPERATING SYSTEM)

 It was originally available in two versions that having the same

 DOS uses a command line, or text-based interface to interact

 This made the operating system difficult to use, that is why

 MS-DOS commands are used for the functioning of file and

 Internal Command: Internal Commands work with the help

 The working speed of these commands is very fast.

 The example of Internal Command are: –

 At First, click on “START” button

Command prompt will look like as follows :

 At First, click on “START” button

Command prompt will look like as follows :

This command is used to get exit from one directory.

This command is used to get enter into any directory.

 DATE– It is an Internal Command. By this Command we can check and

 TIME – It is an Internal Command. By this we can see

 VER (Version) – It is an Internal Command. By this

 Syntax : - C:\>DIR A*.*

 Syntax : - C:\>DIR *.sys

Syntax : - E:\>DIR *.TXT

 Syntax : - C:\>DIR ?A*.*

 Syntax : - C:\>TYPE File name

 Syntax : - C:\>REN Old file name New file name

 Syntax : - C:\>DEL FILE NAME

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 Syntax : - C:\>DIR A.

 Syntax : - C:\>DIR ?A.