A Synchronous Transfer Mode

Technical Seminar Presentation - 2004
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
ASYNCHRONOUS TRANSFER
MODE
Presented by
Amiya Kumar Sahu

Roll # EC200118243
Under the Guidance of
Mr. N. Srinivas
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Presented by: Amiya kumar sahu
INTRODUCTION
Asynchronous Transfer Mode is a very high speed and low cost

transmission technology for voice, data, video,and television.

It delivers high – capacity transmission at various speed.
Delivers speeds of 155 Mbps to 622 Mbps (compatible with SONET and
can transmit HD TV).
Handles both Constant Bit Rate(Voice and Video) and Variable Bit
Rate(Data)
Key to ATM’ success is cell switching, which is faster than traditional
multiplexing techniques
It is Connection oriented.
It offer a simplified network infrastructure.
It is used for user applications that require High bandwidth ,high speed
data transfer.
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WHY ATM ?
• B-ISDN(Broadband Integrated Services Digital Network)uses ATM

technology which has high data rate and services
• ATM provide larger bandwidth, high speed data transfer rate, quality of
service and grade of service.
• ATM transmits all information in small, fixed-size packets called cells.cell
switching was chosen because
• First, cell switching is highly flexible and can handle both constant rate
traffic (audio, video) and variable rate traffic (data) easily.
• Second , at the very high speeds envisioned (gigabits per second are within
reach), digital switching of cells is easier than using traditional multiplexing
technique, especially using fiber optics.
• Third, for television distribution, broadcasting is essential, cell switching can
provide this and circuit switching cannot.
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ATM CELLS
Fixed-size
»5 byte header
–virtual channel information
–virtual path information
–payload type information
–cell loss priority
»48 bytes information
Advantages to use of small, fixed-size cells :
- reduce queuing delay for a high-priority cell
- can be switched more efficiently
- easier to implement the switching mechanism in hardware
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ATM CELL FORMAT

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ATM VIRTUAL CONNECTIONS

•Two types of ATM connections exist: virtual paths, which are identified by
virtual path identifiers, and virtual channels, which are identified by the
combination of a VPI and a virtual channel identifier (VCI).
• A virtual path is a bundle of virtual channels, all of which are switched
transparently across the ATM network on the basis of the common VPI.
•A transmission path is a bundle of VPs. Figure below illustrates how VCs
concatenate to create VPs, which, in turn, concatenate to create a transmission
path.
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ATM PROTOCOL ARCHITECTURE

Management plane
Control plane User plane
Higher Layers Higher Layers
ATM Adaptation Layer

Virtual Channel Functions
ATM Layer Plane management
Virtual Path Functions
Physical Layer (PMD) Layer management
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ATM PROTOCOL ATCHITECTURE

• Physical layer
- specify a transmission medium & signal encoding scheme
- specify the data rate ( normally, 25.6 Mbps to 622.08 Mbps)
• ATM layer
- roughly analogous to the data link layer of the OSI reference model
- responsible for the simultaneous sharing of virtual circuits over
physical link
- passing cells through the ATM network
• ATM Adaptation layer ( AAL )

- combined with the ATM layer
- maps higher-layer information into ATM cells
- collects information from ATM cells to higher layers
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ATM PROTOCOL ARCHITECTURE

Three separate planes :

• User Plane
- provides for user information transfer
e.g. flow control, error control
• Control Plane
- performs call & connect control functions
• Management Plane
- Plane management
whole system functions
- Layer management
Resources and parameters in protocol entities
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ATM ADAPTATION LAYERS

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ATM ADAPTATION LAYER

• This division leads to four types of services:

– Class A: CBR, connection-oriented, with timing relation
– Class B: VBR, connection-oriented, with timing relation
– Class C: VBR, connection-oriented, no timing relation
– Class D: VBR, connection-less, no timing relation
• 5 AALs are defined in the standards:
– AAL0 - cell transport AAL, cell-based services (i.e. no adaptation)
– AAL1 - CBR traffic with strong timing relationship
– AAL2 - VBR traffic with strong timing relationship
– AAL3/4 - connection-oriented/connection-less VBR “bursty” data
– AAL5 - connection-less/connection-oriented VBR service
(simplified version of AAL3/4, intended for high speed LANs)
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ATM CONNECTION TYPES

ATM supports two connection types

• Point-to-point—Connections of this type can be unidirectional or
bidirectional.
• Point-to-multipoint—Connections of this type are unidirectional only.
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ADVANTAGES OF ATM
• Advantages of ATM are many. Among these are:

– Simplified network infrastructure
– interoperability with existing conventional technology (migration
occurs at user’s pace)
– Scalability and flexibility
– Effective use of network capacity because of 'bandwidth on demand'
principle of ATM.
– Low transfer delay and support for both non-real-time and real-time
applications.
– Supports multimedia applications and mixed traffic through VPs and
VCs.
– expected to be the transport mode for a seamless unified, universal,
broadband integrated network operating in local and/or wide
fixed/mobile environment.
– large support from standard and industry forums
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CONCLUSION
• Since the need of information and data transfer is in growing demand

ATM will hold a greater demand in the days to come.
• Time is a critical factor in data transfers so ATM plays a great role

since it have a high speed of data transfer as well as security.
14
THANK YOU
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Technical Seminar Presentation - 2004

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Amiya Kumar Sahu

transmission technology for voice, data, video,and television.

• B-ISDN(Broadband Integrated Services Digital Network)uses ATM

ATM CELL FORMAT

ATM VIRTUAL CONNECTIONS

ATM PROTOCOL ARCHITECTURE

Control plane User plane

Higher Layers Higher Layers

ATM Adaptation Layer

Physical Layer (PMD) Layer management

ATM PROTOCOL ATCHITECTURE

• ATM Adaptation layer ( AAL )

ATM PROTOCOL ARCHITECTURE

Three separate planes :

ATM ADAPTATION LAYERS

ATM ADAPTATION LAYER

• This division leads to four types of services:

ATM CONNECTION TYPES

ATM supports two connection types

• Advantages of ATM are many. Among these are:

• Since the need of information and data transfer is in growing demand

• Time is a critical factor in data transfers so ATM plays a great role

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