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    The Ethics of Pollution Control

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    elainetan89
    This document discusses the ethics of pollution control and ecological systems. It argues that all organisms, not just humans, have intrinsic worth that should be respected. While an absolute ban on pollution may be too costly, pollution violates justice by imposing external costs on society. The best approach is to internalize these external costs by having polluting industries and producers pay to mitigate the social costs of pollution through devices and other remedies. This achieves a just distribution of costs and benefits compared to the status quo.

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    The Ethics of Pollution Control

    Uploaded by

    elainetan89
    40 views14 pages
    This document discusses the ethics of pollution control and ecological systems. It argues that all organisms, not just humans, have intrinsic worth that should be respected. While an absolute ban on pollution may be too costly, pollution violates justice by imposing external costs on society. The best approach is to internalize these external costs by having polluting industries and producers pay to mitigate the social costs of pollution through devices and other remedies. This achieves a just distribution of costs and benefits compared to the status quo.

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    This document discusses the ethics of pollution control and ecological systems. It argues that all organisms, not just humans, have intrinsic worth that should be respected. While an absolute ban on pollution may be too costly, pollution violates justice by imposing external costs on society. The best approach is to internalize these external costs by having polluting industries and producers pay to mitigate the social costs of pollution through devices and other remedies. This achieves a just distribution of costs and benefits compared to the status quo.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    40 views14 pages

    The Ethics of Pollution Control

    Uploaded by

    elainetan89
    This document discusses the ethics of pollution control and ecological systems. It argues that all organisms, not just humans, have intrinsic worth that should be respected. While an absolute ban on pollution may be too costly, pollution violates justice by imposing external costs on society. The best approach is to internalize these external costs by having polluting industries and producers pay to mitigate the social costs of pollution through devices and other remedies. This achieves a just distribution of costs and benefits compared to the status quo.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 14

    The Ethics of Pollution Control

    Ecological Ethics
    • Ecological System: Sejumlah organisme
    dan lingkungan yang saling berhubungan
    dan bergantung satu sama lain. Contoh:
    danau dan isinya.
    Ecological Ethics
    • Ecological Ethics: Sebuah etika yang
    menyatakan bahwa kesejahteraan dari
    organisme (bukan manusia) dari
    organisme yang bukan manusia adalah
    berharga secara intrinsik, sehingga
    manusia harus bisa menghargai &
    melestarikannya
    Ecological Ethics

    • Cth: Pada tahun 1990, para aktivis


    lingkungan mengirimkan petisi kepada US.
    Fish & Wildlife Service karena Timber
    Industry membahayakan kelangsungan
    hidup Burung Hantu.
    Environmental Rights & Absolute
    Ban
    • Blackstone: “People have a right to have a
    decent environment, …”
    • Why? Seseorang memiliki hak moral jika
    dengan kepemilikannya atas sesuatu
    sangat penting untuk mendukungnya
    mendapatkan hidup yang livable.
    • Thus, livable environment is very essential
    for people to have a livable life
    Kelemahan Pernyataan Blackstone
    • Kurang dapat memberikan gambaran
    tentang hal-hal berikut:
    – How much pollution control is needed?
    – Should we have absolute ban on pollution?
    Masalah
    • Cost untuk menghilangkan sejumlah
    polusi lebih besar dibandingkan benefits
    yang didapatkan
    • Hilangnya lapangan kerja

    • Maka dari itu, diperlukan cost & benefit


    analysis
    Markets & Partial Control
    • Blackstone’s -> Environmental Problem =
    Market Defects
    – Jika suatu industri mencemari lingkungan ->
    market ptice akan komoditinya tidak akan lagi
    merefleksikan cost sesungguhnya dalam
    memproduksi komoditi tersebut.
    • Misallocation of resources
    • Increasing number of waste
    • Inefficient distribution of commodities
     society harmed -> welfare menurun.
    Private Cost & Social Cost
    • Private cost: Cost an individual/company
    must pay in order to engage in particular
    economic activity
    • Social cost: The private internal cost and
    the wider external costs of engaging in a
    particular economic activity
    Pollution
    • Private costs of production are less than
    the social costs -> Market with pollution
    don’t impose an optimal discipline on
    producers -> social utility dropped
    Pollution
    • Pollution violates justice of fairness that
    character sizes a free competitive market
    – When market generates pollution -> external costs
    that some people have to pay in addition to what they
    pay for the goods is higher:
    • People who live near electric plant that rains a coal soot on
    them: higher doctor bills, cleaning bills, declining property
    value -> nothing in return
    • Producer who pollutes -> imposed costs people
    don not voluntarily choose -> cannot leave the
    market
    • Therefore, Pollution violates utility, justica &
    rights
    Remedies
    • Internalization of the costs of pollution:
    – Absorption of costs by the producer, who
    takes them into account when determining the
    price of goods
    • Polluting agent to pay for all of those being harmed
    – Problem: Problem -> It is not always clear:who is
    damaged by whom?
    – How much environmental damage caused by several
    polluters
    – Stop polluting at its source by installing
    pollution control devices
    Justice
    • Environmental injustice: the bearing of
    external costs of pollution largely by those
    who do not enjoy the net benefit from the
    activity that produces pollution.
    Justice
    • Internalizing external costs -> consistent with the
    requirements of retributive & compensatory
    justice:
    – Cost of pollution control should be borne by those
    who cause pollution and who have benefited from
    pollution activities (stockholders & consumers)
    – The benefits of pollution control –> the people who
    have had to bear the external costs of pollution
    (neighbors who once had to put up with the firm’s
    pollution

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