Intellectual Revolution: Science Technology and Society

Intellectual Revolution
Science Technology and Society

LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of this chapter, the students
should be able to:
 Discuss Paradigm shifts through history;
 Explain how the Intellectual Revolution
changed the way how humans see the
world; and
 Describe the technological advancement
that happened in the information age.
Copernician Revolution
 Claudius Ptolemy, stated that
the planets, as well as the sun
and the moon, moved in a
circular motion around the
earth.
 Thesun and moon’s revolution
explained the existence of days
and nights.
 He believed that the earth was
at the center. A concept known
as Geocentrism.
 Ptolemy’sgeocentric model was
widely accepted by the people
and was one of the greatest
discoveries of that time.
 Inthe 16th century, Nicolas
Copernicus, a Polish
mathematician and astronomer,
challenged the Ptolemaic model.
 He introduce a new concept
known as Heliocentrism, which
suggested that the center of the
Solar System was not the Earth
but actually the sun.
 Thisidea was rejected at first
by the public. It appalled many
since the religious belief had
taught them that the Earth was
created first before other
things.
 Copernicus was even persecuted
as a heretic because his
teachings were against what was
widely accepted by religion.
 After some time, astronomers
realized that the Copernican
model simplified the orbits of
planets.
 Italso answered issues that
could not be explained using the
geocentric model.
 Otherworks that supported this
model started to merge as well.
 Itwas eventually accepted by
the people in a period which was
called The Birth of Modern
Astronomy.
 This era began what was known
as the scientific revolution
which resulted in the
transformation of society’s
thoughts and belief.
Darwinian Revolution
 Considered to be one of the
most controversial intellectual
revolution of its time.
 In1859, Charles Darwin, an
English naturalist, biologist, and
geologist, published his book,
On The Origin of species.
 Heintroduced the Theory of
Evolution, which posited that
populations pass through a
process of natural selection
which only the fittest would
survive.
Freudian Revolution
 In the past, field of psychology
was classified under philosophy.
Psychology was considered more
art rather than a science.
 In the late 19th century,
Sigmund Freud was able to
change people’s perception of
psychology with his
revolutionary theory of
Psychoanalysis.
 Psychoanalysisis the study that
explains human behavior. In his
theory, Freud explained that
there are many conscious and
unconscious factors that can
influence behaviors and
emotions.
 He also argued that personality
is product of conflicting
elements: Id, Ego, Superego.
 Idoperates on the pleasure principle
(Freud, 1920) which is the idea that
every wishful impulse should be
satisfied immediately, regardless of
the consequences. When the id
achieves its demands, we experience
pleasure when it is denied we
experience ‘no pleasure’ or tension.
 Ego develops to mediate between
the unrealistic id and the external
real world. It is the decision-making
component of personality. Ideally,
the ego works by reason, whereas
the id is chaotic and unreasonable.
 Itoperates according to the reality
principle, working out realistic ways
of satisfying the id’s demands, often
compromising or postponing
satisfaction to avoid negative
consequences of society.
 Superego incorporates the values and
morals of society which are learned
from one's parents and others. It
develops around the age of 3 – 5 years
during the phallic stage of psychosexual
development.
 Itfunction is to control the id's
impulses, especially those which society
forbids, such as sex and aggression. It
also has the function of persuading the
ego to turn to moralistic goals rather
than simply realistic ones and to strive
for perfection.
10 RULES IN USING TECHNOLOGY
1. Set your priorities right.
2. Be cautious in posting and tagging your post and photos.
3. Respect the opinion, point of view of others.
4. Think before you click.
5. Don’t use your phone or any gadget that are not needed
in the class.
6. Spend more time with family.
7. No screen time unless all duties and responsibilities are
completely done.
8. Use the technology moderately.
9. Visit the reliable sites only.
10.Respect the privacy.

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