Primary Health Care

Please Observe Online
Netiquette
Brief Background of
PHC I and II
Hydra Jane K. Olivar, RM, BSM, MPH
WHAT IS PRIMARY HEALTH CARE?
Primary Health Care is essential health care made
universally accessible to individuals and
acceptable to them, through full participation and
at cost the community and country can afford
Primary Health Care
• The “first” level of contact between the

individual and the health system.
• Essential health care (PHC) is provided.
• A majority of prevailing health problems can be
satisfactorily managed.
• The closest to the people.
• Provided by the primary health centers.
Primary Health Care
Different in each community depending upon:

• Needs of the residents;
• Availability of health care providers;
• The communities geographic location; &
• Proximity to other health care services in the
area.
Secondary Health Care
• More complex problems are dealt with.
• Comprises curative services
• Provided by the district hospitals
• The 1st referral level

Tertiary Health Care
• Offers super-specialist care
• Provided by regional/central level institution.
• Provide training programs

Levels of Prevention
Levels Objectives and Focus Activities
1. Health Promotion
I. Primary Prevention 2. Specific Protection
3. Early Diagnosis
II. Secondary Prevention 4. Prompt Treatment
5. Rehabilitation
III. Tertiary Prevention
Primary health care (PHC) became a core policy
for the World Health Organization with the Alma-
Ata Declaration in 1978 and the ‘Health-for-All by
the Year 2000’ Program.
Alma-Ata Declaration,1978
• Health, which is a state of complete physical, mental, and

social wellbeing, and not merely the absence of disease or
infirmity, is a fundamental human right and that the
attainment of the highest possible level of health is a most
important world-wide social goal whose realization
requires the action of many other social and economic
sectors in addition to the health sector
Primary Health Care,
Alma Ata Declaration of 1978
“Essential health care based on practical, scientifically

sound and socially acceptable methods and technology
made universally accessible to individuals and families
in the community through their full participation and
at a cost the community or the country can afford to
maintain at every stage of their development in the
spirit of self-reliance and self-determination”
4 Pillars of PHC
1. Community Participation
2. Multi-sectoral Linkages
3. Use of Appropriate Technology
4. Support Systems
Organization of Public Health
Service Delivery
National level – DOH and its attached agencies

Regional – DOH-CHD
Provincial – Provincial Health Office and Hospitals
Municipal/City – Municipal/City Health Office
Barangay – Barangay Health Centers/Stations
Universal Target
• Health for all by the year 2000 (HFA 2000)

• Does not mean that nobody will get sick anymore
• Concept was left for every country to define and interpret in
consideration of the:
–Health status
–Morbidity
–Mortality
–State of development of a health care system
PHC : Goal
To achieve Health for All that is

• Accessible to everyone
• Acceptable and affordable to everyone
• Based in the community or workplace
Essential Elements/
Services of PHC
1. Education concerning prevailing health
problems and the methods of
preventing and controlling them
2. Promotion of food supply and

proper nutrition
Essential Elements/
Services of PHC
3. An adequate supply of safe water

and basic sanitations
4. Maternal and child health

care, including family planning
Essential Elements/
Services of PHC
5. Immunization against the major

infectious diseases
6. Prevention and control of

locally endemic diseases
Essential Elements/
Services of PHC
7. Appropriate treatment of
common diseases and injuries
8. Provision of essential drugs

Essential Health Services in Primary Health Care
(ELEMENTS)
E – Education for Health

L – Locally endemic disease control
E – Expanded program for immunization
M –Maternal and Child Health including responsible
parenthood
E – Essential drugs
N – Nutrition
T – Treatment of communicable and non-
communicable diseases
Goals to be achieved by 2000
• Reduction of IMR
• Raise the expectation of life
• Reduce the CDR
• Reduce the CBR
• Achieve a net reproduction rate of one
• To provide potable water to entire rural
population
FOUR SETS OF PHC REFORMS
• UNIVERSAL COVERAGE
REFORMS
• SERVICE DELIVERY
REFORMS
• PUBLIC POLICY REFORMS
• LEADERSHIP REFORMS
Community Organizing Participatory Action
Research(COPAR)
• is a vital part of public health nursing. COPAR aims to

transform the apathetic, individualistic and voiceless
poor into dynamic, participatory and politically
responsive community.
What is the importance of COPAR
• COPAR is an important tool for community development

and people empowerment as this helps the community
workers to generate community participation in
development activities.
• COPAR prepares people to eventually take over the
management of a development program in the future.
Critical steps/ activities in COPAR
Social Tentative Program

Integration Investigation Planning
Ground Meeting Role Play

Work
Mobilization Evaluation
Reflection Organization
Phases of COPAR
• PRE-ENTRY
• ENTRY
• ORGANIZING
• SUSTENANCE AND STRENGTHENING
• PHASE-OUT

Primary Health Care

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Please Observe Online

• The “first” level of contact between the

Different in each community depending upon:

• More complex problems are dealt with.

• Comprises curative services

• Provided by the district hospitals

• The 1st referral level

• Offers super-specialist care

• Provided by regional/central level institution.

• Provide training programs

• Health, which is a state of complete physical, mental, and

“Essential health care based on practical, scientifically

National level – DOH and its attached agencies

• Health for all by the year 2000 (HFA 2000)

To achieve Health for All that is

2. Promotion of food supply and

3. An adequate supply of safe water

4. Maternal and child health

5. Immunization against the major

6. Prevention and control of

8. Provision of essential drugs

E – Education for Health

• is a vital part of public health nursing. COPAR aims to

• COPAR is an important tool for community development

Social Tentative Program

Ground Meeting Role Play

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