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    Geothermal Power Plant: Pajo, Vanne Jo V

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    Vanne Jo Pajo
    The document discusses geothermal power plants. It describes how geothermal energy is generated from heat within the Earth's crust and carried to the surface by water or steam. There are three main types of geothermal power plants - dry steam, flash steam, and binary cycle. Dry steam plants directly use steam from reservoirs to power turbines, while flash steam plants separate steam from higher temperature water. Binary cycle plants use lower temperature reservoirs by transferring heat to a working fluid with a lower boiling point than water. The document provides examples of major geothermal power producers and outlines the basic components and thermodynamic processes involved in geothermal electricity generation. It also includes sample calculations.

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    Geothermal Power Plant: Pajo, Vanne Jo V

    Uploaded by

    Vanne Jo Pajo
    25 views24 pages
    The document discusses geothermal power plants. It describes how geothermal energy is generated from heat within the Earth's crust and carried to the surface by water or steam. There are three main types of geothermal power plants - dry steam, flash steam, and binary cycle. Dry steam plants directly use steam from reservoirs to power turbines, while flash steam plants separate steam from higher temperature water. Binary cycle plants use lower temperature reservoirs by transferring heat to a working fluid with a lower boiling point than water. The document provides examples of major geothermal power producers and outlines the basic components and thermodynamic processes involved in geothermal electricity generation. It also includes sample calculations.

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    The document discusses geothermal power plants. It describes how geothermal energy is generated from heat within the Earth's crust and carried to the surface by water or steam. There are three main types of geothermal power plants - dry steam, flash steam, and binary cycle. Dry steam plants directly use steam from reservoirs to power turbines, while flash steam plants separate steam from higher temperature water. Binary cycle plants use lower temperature reservoirs by transferring heat to a working fluid with a lower boiling point than water. The document provides examples of major geothermal power producers and outlines the basic components and thermodynamic processes involved in geothermal electricity generation. It also includes sample calculations.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    25 views24 pages

    Geothermal Power Plant: Pajo, Vanne Jo V

    Uploaded by

    Vanne Jo Pajo
    The document discusses geothermal power plants. It describes how geothermal energy is generated from heat within the Earth's crust and carried to the surface by water or steam. There are three main types of geothermal power plants - dry steam, flash steam, and binary cycle. Dry steam plants directly use steam from reservoirs to power turbines, while flash steam plants separate steam from higher temperature water. Binary cycle plants use lower temperature reservoirs by transferring heat to a working fluid with a lower boiling point than water. The document provides examples of major geothermal power producers and outlines the basic components and thermodynamic processes involved in geothermal electricity generation. It also includes sample calculations.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 24

    Geothermal

    Power Plant
    Pajo, Vanne Jo V.
    Geothermal Power Plant
    • Objectives
    • Study Geothermal Energy
    • Working Principle of Geothermal Power Plant
    • Advantages and Disadvantages
    • Thermodynamic Equations and Problem
    Geothermal Energy

    • Is the heat energy acquired by the Earth


    “geo”
    • Geothermal energy is heat derived
    within the sub-surface of the earth.
    Water and/or steam carry the
    geothermal energy to the Earth’s
    surface.
    • Geothermal fields are formed
    when water from the earth's
    surface is able to seep through
    faults and cracks within rock,
    sometimes to depths of
    several kilometres, to reach
    hot regions within the crust.
    As the water is heated, it rises
    naturally back towards the
    surface by a process of
    convection and may appear
    there again in the form of 
    hot springs, geysers, 
    fumaroles or hot mud holes.
    These are particularly
    common along tectonic plate

    Geothermal Fields boundaries.


    Why Use Geothermal Energy

    Comparatively ecologically clean.


    Low operating costs. 
    Renewable and sustainable
    source. 
    Smaller area
    Low noise work
    • 1. The Geyser Complex, CA,USA( 1520
    MW)
    • 2.Lardarello Complex, Italy (770MW)
    • 3.Cerro Prieto Station Mexico,(720MW)
    • 4. Makiling-Banahaw Complex,
    Philippines(460 MW)
    • 5.Cal Energy Station Sea, CA,USA
    (340MW)
    • 6.Hellisheidi, Iceland(300MW)
    • 7. Tiwi Complex, Philippines( 290MW)
    • 8.Darajat Station, Indonesia (260MW)
    • 9.Malitbog Station, Philippines (230MW)
    • 10. Wayang Windu, Indonesia (225 MW)
    • (worldatlas.com)

    One of the top providers of


    Power Using GPP
    Philippine Geothermal Power Plant

    • Albay Geothermal Power • Malitbog Geothermal Power


    • Makiling Banahaw Complex
    Plant Station
    • Binary Type
    • Flash Type Recovery • Flash Type Recovery
    • 442.8 MW
    • 234 MW • 233 MW
    Other Philippine
    Geothermal Plants
    Geothermal PowerPlant • Geothermal power stations
    are similar to other steam
    turbine 
    thermal power stations in
    that heat from a fuel source
    (in geothermal's case, the
    Earth's core) is used to heat
    water or another 
    working fluid. The working
    fluid is then used to turn a
    turbine of a generator,
    thereby producing
    electricity. The fluid is then
    cooled and returned to the
    heat source.
    Main Components

    • Production Well
    • Separator (Flash)
    • Heat Exchanger (Binary)
    • Steam Turbine
    • Condenser
    • Generator
    • Injection Well
    Type of Geothermal Power Plant

    Dry Steam Plant Flash Steam Plant Binary Cycle


    Plant
    Dry Steam Plant

    • This is the simplest and oldest type of


    geothermal plant. It directly uses steam
    from the reservoir to operate the turbine.
    The steam is collected from the production
    well and used to operate low-pressure
    turbines. Hence, the working fluid is steam.
    The used steam is then condensed and
    injected back through the injection well.
    Flash Steam Plant

    • Flash steam power plants are the most commonly employed


    geothermal plants today. They operate on the geothermal reservoirs
    having water temperature greater than 180 degree celcius.
    • The high pressure hot water from the reservoir flows up through the
    production well due to its own pressure.
    • The pressure decreases as the water flows upwards and, hence,
    some of it gets converted into steam.
    • The steam is seperated from the water by steam seperator and sent
    to drive the steam turbine.
    • The unused water as well as the condensed steam are injected back
    through the injection well.
    • Double Flash
    • Similar to Single Flash
    • Uses Two Separators and 2-
    stage turbine for increase
    efficiency

    Double Flash
    Binary Cycle Plant
    • Binary power plants are the recent development. They have
    made it possible to produce electricity from geothermal
    reservoirs with temperatures lower than 150 degree celcius.
    • In these plants, hot water from geothermal reservoir is used to
    heat up an another organic fluid having a lower boiling point.
    • Thus, here, the working fluid is the secondary organic fluid and
    not the water from reservoir. The heat energy from the water is
    transferred to the working fluid in the heat exchanger.
    • As a result, the working fluid vaporizes, and then drives the
    turbines. The spent fluid passes through the condenser and the
    cycle repeats. The water is injected back into the reservoir
    through the injection well.
    • Location Specific
    Drawbacks of • Expensive

    Geothermal PP • Ambient Air


    • Low Thermal Efficiency (<20%)
    Thermodynamic Equations

    • For Single Flash (Ideal Case)

    1-2: Throttling (Isenthalpic Process)


    2-3: Constant Pressure
    Vaporization in Separator
    2-6:Constant Pressure
    Condensation in Separator
    3-4: Isentropic Expansion in
    Turbine
    4-5: Constant Pressure
    Condensation in Condenser
    Basic Formulas
    • 

    1. Throttling Process

    2. Mass Flow rate of Steam Entering the Turbine


    // x=quality after throttling
    3. Turbine Output
    Basic Formulas
    •  4.Generator Output

    • 5.Heat Rejected in Condenser

    • 6.Overall Plant Efficiency

    • 6.B Overall Plant Efficiency if dead state is considered


    Sample Problem
    Sample Problem

     Note: Use for air ambient condition


    Sample Problem

     Note: Use for air ambient condition


    Sample Problem

     For Isobutane properties


    ;

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