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    Syphilis & Gonorrhea: Other Emerging Community Acquired Sexually Transmitted Diseases

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    Regine Delos Santos
    This document summarizes information about syphilis and gonorrhea, two emerging sexually transmitted diseases. Syphilis is caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum and can progress through primary, secondary, latent, and tertiary stages if left untreated. It can also be transmitted from mother to baby. Gonorrhea is caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae and often presents with symptoms like sore throat, discharge, or painful urination depending on the infection site. Both diseases are commonly diagnosed using microscopy, cultures, or serological tests and treated with antibiotics like penicillin or cephalosporins.

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    Syphilis & Gonorrhea: Other Emerging Community Acquired Sexually Transmitted Diseases

    Uploaded by

    Regine Delos Santos
    99 views29 pages
    This document summarizes information about syphilis and gonorrhea, two emerging sexually transmitted diseases. Syphilis is caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum and can progress through primary, secondary, latent, and tertiary stages if left untreated. It can also be transmitted from mother to baby. Gonorrhea is caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae and often presents with symptoms like sore throat, discharge, or painful urination depending on the infection site. Both diseases are commonly diagnosed using microscopy, cultures, or serological tests and treated with antibiotics like penicillin or cephalosporins.

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    syphilis and gonorrhea

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    Syphilis and Gonorrhea

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    This document summarizes information about syphilis and gonorrhea, two emerging sexually transmitted diseases. Syphilis is caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum and can progress through primary, secondary, latent, and tertiary stages if left untreated. It can also be transmitted from mother to baby. Gonorrhea is caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae and often presents with symptoms like sore throat, discharge, or painful urination depending on the infection site. Both diseases are commonly diagnosed using microscopy, cultures, or serological tests and treated with antibiotics like penicillin or cephalosporins.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    99 views29 pages

    Syphilis & Gonorrhea: Other Emerging Community Acquired Sexually Transmitted Diseases

    Uploaded by

    Regine Delos Santos
    This document summarizes information about syphilis and gonorrhea, two emerging sexually transmitted diseases. Syphilis is caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum and can progress through primary, secondary, latent, and tertiary stages if left untreated. It can also be transmitted from mother to baby. Gonorrhea is caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae and often presents with symptoms like sore throat, discharge, or painful urination depending on the infection site. Both diseases are commonly diagnosed using microscopy, cultures, or serological tests and treated with antibiotics like penicillin or cephalosporins.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 29

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    com

    Other Emerging Community Acquired


    Sexually Transmitted Diseases
    SYPHILIS & GONORRHEA
    SYPHILIS

    • A sexually transmitted disease cause by a bacteria,


    Treponema pallidum
    Spirochetes

    Image from 123rf.com


    Transmission
    • Direct contact with a syphilis sore
    during sexual intercourse (vaginal,
    oral and anal
    • mother-to-baby

    Image from youtube.com Image from bpac.org.nz


    Stages of Syphilis
    • Primary
    • Secondary
    • Latent
    • Tertiary
    Primary
    • Spirochetes multiply locally at the site of
    entry
     Ulcers will also appear on the site of entry
    • Ulcers may appear in 2 – 10 weeks after
    infection.
    • Can spread to nearby lymph nodes and
    reach the blood stream
    Secondary
    • Consist of a red maculopapular rash
    anywhere in the body including the hands
    and feet.
    • Appearance of moist, pale papules in the
    anogenital region, axilla and mouth
    Secondary
    • Symptoms include:
    Painless rash that’s not normally itchy
    Flat, warty-looking growth on the vulva
    or around the anus
    White patches on the tongue, cheeks,
    or roof of the mouth
    Patchy hair loss
    Secondary

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    Latent
    • No visible signs or symptoms
    • If treatment is stopped, you can
    continue to have syphilis for years
    Tertiary
    • Characterized by the development
    of granulomatous lesions in skin,
    bones and liver
    • Can have degenerative changes in
    the nervous system; or
    cardiovascular lesions
    Tertiary

    Image from link.springer.com


    Image from link.springer.com
    Congenital Syphilis
    • A pregnant woman can transmit
    T. pallidum to fetus through the
    placenta in the 10th to 15th weeks of
    gestation
    Congenital Syphilis
    • If born alive, can develop signs of
    congenital syphilis in childhood:
     Interstitial keratitis
    Hutchison’s teeth
    Saddlenose
    Periostitis
    Congenital Syphilis
    A B

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    Congenital Syphilis

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    Diagnosis
    • Specimen of choice
     Tissue fluid
     Serum
    • Dark-field Microcopy
    • Immunofluorescence
    • Serological Testing
    Diagnosis

    Image from medical-dictionary.com Image from medical-dictionary.com


    Diagnosis
    • Serological testing
     VDRL - Venereal Disease Research Laboratory
     RPR – Rapid Plasma Reagin
     TP-PA – T pallidum-particle agglutination
     TPHA – T pallidum hemagglutination
     MHA – TP – Microhemagglutiation T pallidum
     FTA-ABS – Fluorescent treponemal antibody
    absorbed.
    Treatment, Prevention and Control
    Control Measures will depend on…
    1. Prompt and adequate treatment of all discovered cases
    2. Follow-up on source of infection
    3. Protected sexual intercourse
    Drug of Choice
     Penicillin
    Gonorrhea
    • Cause by Neisseria gonorrhoeae, a gram-negative cocci that
    usually occurs in pairs
    • Causes infection in the genitals,
    rectum and throat.
    • Common among teens and young
    adults
    Image from Wikipedia.com
    Statistics
    • In 2016, more than 200,000 were tested
    for gonorrhea and more 14,000 tested
    positive as shared by the WHO (Rappler)
    Symptoms
    • Sore throat
    • If in the rectum:
     Itching
     Soreness
     Bleeding
     Painful bowel movements
    Symptoms
    • For Female
     Vaginal bleeding
     Pain or burning urination
     Increase vaginal Discharge
    • For Male
     Swollen testicles
     Pain or burning urination
     discharge from penis
    Pathogenesis & Pathology
    • Gonococci attacks mucous membrane of the
    genitourinary track, eye, rectum and throat
     result to acute suppuration
    • For infected males..
    urethritis, with yellow, creamy pus and
    painful urination.
     Urethral infection can be asymptomatic
    Pathogenesis & Pathology
    • For infected females..
    Primary infection is in the endocervix
    and extends to the urethra and vagina
    May progress to the uterine tubes,
    causing salpingitis
    Pathogenesis & Pathology

    Image from roydoctor.com


    Diagnosis
    • Specimens
     Pus and secretions from urethra, cervix,
    rectum, conjunctiva, throat and synovial
    fluid
    • Blood culture
    • Stained Smear
    • Culture – modified Thayer-Martin
    • Serological Testing – Immunobloting,
    Radioimmuno assay, ELISA
    Treatment
    • Penicillin
    • Tetracycline
    • Spectinomycin
    • Quinolone
    • Cephalosporine
    • Ceftriaxone and Azithromycin – Last
    recommended DUAL treatment as of today

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