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    1.multiple Reactions

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    Dianah Najeeb
    This document discusses types of chemical reactions and strategies for maximizing the desired product. It covers parallel reactions where one or two reactants are involved, and series reactions where intermediate products form. For parallel reactions, selectivity and yield can be increased by maintaining reactant concentrations and selecting appropriate reaction conditions like temperature. For series reactions, the document examines how to maximize the selectivity of the desired final product by favoring the reaction pathways that form it.

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    1.multiple Reactions

    Uploaded by

    Dianah Najeeb
    34 views58 pages
    This document discusses types of chemical reactions and strategies for maximizing the desired product. It covers parallel reactions where one or two reactants are involved, and series reactions where intermediate products form. For parallel reactions, selectivity and yield can be increased by maintaining reactant concentrations and selecting appropriate reaction conditions like temperature. For series reactions, the document examines how to maximize the selectivity of the desired final product by favoring the reaction pathways that form it.

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    1.Multiple Reactions

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    This document discusses types of chemical reactions and strategies for maximizing the desired product. It covers parallel reactions where one or two reactants are involved, and series reactions where intermediate products form. For parallel reactions, selectivity and yield can be increased by maintaining reactant concentrations and selecting appropriate reaction conditions like temperature. For series reactions, the document examines how to maximize the selectivity of the desired final product by favoring the reaction pathways that form it.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    34 views58 pages

    1.multiple Reactions

    Uploaded by

    Dianah Najeeb
    This document discusses types of chemical reactions and strategies for maximizing the desired product. It covers parallel reactions where one or two reactants are involved, and series reactions where intermediate products form. For parallel reactions, selectivity and yield can be increased by maintaining reactant concentrations and selecting appropriate reaction conditions like temperature. For series reactions, the document examines how to maximize the selectivity of the desired final product by favoring the reaction pathways that form it.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 58

    Lecturer: Zulfakar Mokhtar

     Introduction
    1. Types of Reactions
    2. Selectivity & Yield
     Maximizing the Desired Product
    1. Parallel Reactions
    - for one reactant
    - for two reactants
    2. Series Reactions
     Algorithm for solving Reaction Eng. Problems
     Parallel reactions

     Series reactions

     Complex reactions (parallel and series reactions)

     Independent reactions
     Identify the type of reactions

    1. The oxidation of ethylene to ethylene oxide:

    2. The reaction of ethylene oxide (EO) with ammonia


    to form monoethanolamine, diethanolamine and
    triethanolamine:
    3. Formation of butadiene from ethanol:

    4. The cracking of crude oil to form gasoline:


    Selectivity : the ratio of (reaction rate @ molar flowrate) of desired
    product to the (reaction rate @ molar flowrate) of undesired product

    Instantaneous selectivity Overall selectivity

    Yield : the ratio of (reaction rate @ molar flowrate) of desired


    product formed to the (reaction rate/ @ molar flowrate) the reactant
    either fed or consumed
    Batch
    Instantaneous yield Overall yield

    flow
     Selectivity for single reactant system

    Thus,

    Consider some of reactor operating scenarios to maximize


    the selectivity ( SD/U (max) )
    Need high CA to favor D production
    ( to increase selectivity)

    CA ~ SD/U

    CA will always start at


    high value

    CA in a perfectly mixed CSTR


    is always at its lowest value
    Need low CA to favor D production
    ( to increase selectivity)

    CA ~ SD/U

    CA in a perfectly mixed CSTR


    is always at its lowest value
    So, CA cannot be used as
    operating parameters to maximize
    the selectivity

    Thus the solution is: E = Activation Energy

    Thus, to achieve high selectivity:

    * higher energy requires


    higher temperature
     Selectivity for two reactant system

    For high SD/U, maintain


    both CA and CB as high
    as possible

    - refer Figure 6.3(c)


    - refer Figure 6.3(b)
    For high SD/U, maintain
    high CA and low CB

    - refer Figure 6.3(d)


    -refer Figure 6.3(f)
    - - refer Figure 6.3(h)
    For high SD/U, maintain
    both CA and CB as low as
    possible

    - refer Figure 6.3(a)


    - Tubular reactor with large recylce ratio - refer Figure 6.3(i)
    For high SD/U, maintain low
    CA and high CB

    - refer Figure 6.3(e)


    - refer Figure 6.3(g)

    - refer Figure 6.3(h)


    Continue….
    Continue….
    Net Rate of Formation of A:
    In multiple reactions:
    Example
    Example
    Example
    The net rate of formation of NO is:
    The net rate of formation of N2 is:
    The net rate of formation of O2 is:
    Maximizing the desired product : Increase the selectivity of
    Desired (D) in series reactions

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