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    Introduction To Clinical and Couneslling Psychology 02

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    Ram Lifschitz
    This document provides an overview of the history of clinical psychology. It discusses the historical roots in the 18th and 19th centuries including reform movements led by figures like Pinel and Tuke. It then covers the history of assessments and diagnosis from early tests developed by Galton and Cattell to modern diagnostic tools. The history of interventions is explored from early approaches like hypnosis to later therapies like psychoanalysis and cognitive-behavioral techniques. Research in clinical psychology progressed from early laboratories established by Wundt and James to modern studies on disorders, psychotherapy processes and effectiveness. Finally, the emergence of clinical psychology as a distinct profession is outlined beginning with Witmer's establishment of the first psychological clinic in the late 19th century.

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    Introduction To Clinical and Couneslling Psychology 02

    Uploaded by

    Ram Lifschitz
    77 views34 pages
    This document provides an overview of the history of clinical psychology. It discusses the historical roots in the 18th and 19th centuries including reform movements led by figures like Pinel and Tuke. It then covers the history of assessments and diagnosis from early tests developed by Galton and Cattell to modern diagnostic tools. The history of interventions is explored from early approaches like hypnosis to later therapies like psychoanalysis and cognitive-behavioral techniques. Research in clinical psychology progressed from early laboratories established by Wundt and James to modern studies on disorders, psychotherapy processes and effectiveness. Finally, the emergence of clinical psychology as a distinct profession is outlined beginning with Witmer's establishment of the first psychological clinic in the late 19th century.

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    a presentation in the intro to clinical counseling course

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    Introduction to Clinical and Couneslling Psychology 02

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    This document provides an overview of the history of clinical psychology. It discusses the historical roots in the 18th and 19th centuries including reform movements led by figures like Pinel and Tuke. It then covers the history of assessments and diagnosis from early tests developed by Galton and Cattell to modern diagnostic tools. The history of interventions is explored from early approaches like hypnosis to later therapies like psychoanalysis and cognitive-behavioral techniques. Research in clinical psychology progressed from early laboratories established by Wundt and James to modern studies on disorders, psychotherapy processes and effectiveness. Finally, the emergence of clinical psychology as a distinct profession is outlined beginning with Witmer's establishment of the first psychological clinic in the late 19th century.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    77 views34 pages

    Introduction To Clinical and Couneslling Psychology 02

    Uploaded by

    Ram Lifschitz
    This document provides an overview of the history of clinical psychology. It discusses the historical roots in the 18th and 19th centuries including reform movements led by figures like Pinel and Tuke. It then covers the history of assessments and diagnosis from early tests developed by Galton and Cattell to modern diagnostic tools. The history of interventions is explored from early approaches like hypnosis to later therapies like psychoanalysis and cognitive-behavioral techniques. Research in clinical psychology progressed from early laboratories established by Wundt and James to modern studies on disorders, psychotherapy processes and effectiveness. Finally, the emergence of clinical psychology as a distinct profession is outlined beginning with Witmer's establishment of the first psychological clinic in the late 19th century.

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    of 34

    The History of Clinical

    Psychology
    Zoltan Kovary PhD
    ELTE PPK
    Department of Clinical Psychology and Addictology
    2015/16 Autumn Semester

    Sketch of this lecture

    Historical roots & reform


    movements in the 18th
    & 19th century
    History of assessments
    and diagnosis
    History of interventions
    History of research in CP
    History of CP as a
    profession

    Historical Roots

    The age of enlightment (18th cent.)


    The power of knowledge, reason,
    intelligence and insights
    The philosophy of J. J. Rousseau
    (1712-1778)
    Human nature is good, society is
    the source of problems
    The importance of emotions
    The importance of nurturing
    The nature-nurture debate
    The 19th century
    The development of societies,
    science and human thinking

    Reform movements

    Philippe Pinel

    (1745-1826)

    France
    The brutality of mental
    hospitalities
    The head of Bicetre then
    Salpetriere
    Dramatic changes in patient
    care
    Humane attitudes
    Moral therapy
    (understanding and
    individual approach)

    Reform movements

    William Tuke (1732-1822)


    England
    the establishment of what
    might be called a model
    hospital for the humane
    treatment of the sick and
    troubled
    Eli Todd (1769-1833)
    USA
    emphasized the role of civilized
    care respect, and morality.
    Through his efforts, it became
    less fashionable to regard
    mental patients as incurable

    Reform movements

    Dorothea Dix

    (1802-1887)

    USA
    Traveled from state to state for
    40 years campaigning for more
    humane treatment and better
    facilities for the insane and the
    mentally retarded
    In 1848, New Jersey responded
    by building a hospital for the
    insanethe first in a
    procession of more than 30
    states to do so

    The history of diagnosis and


    assessment

    The beginnings (1850-1900)

    Francis Galton (1822-1911), GB

    J. M. Cattel (1860-1944), USA

    Quantitative methods
    Anthropometric laboratory, 1882
    Mental tests: a battery of 10
    tests to measure intelligence
    Selection, training and
    diagnosing

    E. Kraepelin (1856-1926), G

    Distinguish between exogenous


    and endogenous mental illnesses
    The classification of mental
    disorders (PMD & Dementia
    Praecox)

    The beginnings of Modern Era


    (1900-1920)- intelligence

    The rise of mental measurement or


    diagnostic/psychological testing
    Alfred Binet (1957-1911)
    Norms and the deviations from
    norms
    1908: Binet-Simon Scale the
    mesurement of Intelligence
    Charles Spearman (1863-1945)
    1904: General Intelligence g (
    separate abilities, Thorndike)
    World War I, USA
    Medical Department of the Army
    delegated Robert Yerkes & APA to
    create a system for classifying men
    according to their ability levels

    Army Alpha (verbal) and Army Beta


    (nonverbal)

    The coming of Modern Era (1900-1920)


    personality & clinical issues

    C. G. Jung

    Word Association Test (1905)

    To explore unconscious complexes


    100 words as stimuli
    Reaction time
    Word associations
    Reproduction
    Typical mistakes
    Inadequate responses
    Prolonged reaction time
    Mistakes in reproduction
    R. Woodworth (18691962)
    Psychoneurotic Inventory, 1917
    The first questionnaire designed to assess
    abnormal behavior

    (1875-1961)

    Between the Wars (1920-1939)

    Substantial progress in
    diagnostic psychological testing
    Intelligence

    1939: Wechsler- Bellevue Test by


    D. Wechsler

    IQ= VQ + PQ
    Structure of Intelligence

    Personality

    Projective tests (K. Frank, 1939)


    Rorschach test, Hermann
    Rorschach, 1921
    Thematic Apperception Test, Henry
    Murray & Christiana Morgan, 1930s
    Picture Frustration Test, Saul
    Rosenzweig, 1938

    Examples from the classic


    projective tests

    Rorschach

    TAT

    PFT

    After World War 2

    Clinical psychologist: the expert of


    psychodiagnostics
    Measurable constructs
    EPQ: Neuroticism, psychoticism
    MMPI 1 & 2
    Objective self-report
    No theoretical interpretation of scores or
    responses are necessary
    From the 1950s
    Radical behaviorism as a challenge
    Behavior diagnostics
    A resurgence of interest in the 1980s and 1990s
    DSM s
    Neuropsychological assessment

    The scales of EPQ and MMPI 1


    EPQ

    MMPI 1

    The history of Interventions

    Historical antecedents of
    interventions

    Socrates

    The first reported


    psychoherapy

    Maimonides (1135 - 1204)

    Clinical explorations &


    therapeutic experiences

    Avicenna (979 - 1037)

    The philosopher, as the


    midwife of the soul
    (appropriate knowledge)

    Hippocrates (5th cent. BC)

    (470/469 399 BC)

    Moral therapy

    Paracelsus (1493 - 1541)

    Sexual origins of hysteria

    A 19th century: triumphal of


    hypnosis

    Mesmer (1733 - 1815)

    J. Braid (1795 - 1860)

    Hysteria and hypnosis

    Liebeault (1823 - 1904) &


    Bernheim (1837 - 1919)

    Hypnoanesthesia

    Charcot (1825-1893)

    Animal magnetism

    The Nancy school of hypnosis

    Breuer (1842-1925) & Freud


    (1856 - 1939)

    Talking cure & cathartic


    method (from 1895)

    Early decades: 1900-1920

    Psychoanalysis

    Free associations
    The analyses of neurotic symptoms,
    dreams and parapraxes to unfold
    unconscious conflicts
    Transference
    The rules of analytic treatment

    Dissident schools

    Alfred Adlers Individualpsychology


    C. G. Jungs Analytic/complex
    psychology

    Between the wars (1920-1939)

    The development of
    psychoanalysis

    Medical training required


    USA ego psychology
    Child analysis
    Mentalhygiene A. Adler

    Group therapies

    J. Moreno psychodrama
    Group analysis

    W. Bion
    Foulkes

    After world war 2

    The success of PA in the US


    New forms of therapies

    Client-centered therapy (Rogers, 1951)

    Gestalt therapy (Perls, 1951)


    Bahavior therapies (Dollard & Miller,
    1950; Wolpe, 1958)
    Transaction analysis (Berne, 1961)
    Rational-emotional therapy (Ellis, 1962)

    Cognitive revolution

    Beck & al, 1979

    Current trends

    Short-term therapies
    Handbooks

    The history of research in


    clinical psychology

    The Beginnings (1850-1900)

    Wilhelm Wundt (1832-1920)


    1879, Leipzig: The first
    formal psychological
    laboratory
    William James (1842-1910)
    1880: The first american
    psychological laboratory
    Principles of Psychology

    Influenced Gestaltpsychology
    and Behaviorism

    The coming of Modern Era


    (1900-1920)

    I. P. Pavlov

    S. Freud

    The phenomena of
    experimental neurosis in
    dogs
    Investigating neurosis in a
    clinical context (case studies)

    Binet & Simon

    Intelligence research with


    tests

    Between the wars (19201939)

    Clinical research was


    still in its infancy
    Test development

    Wechsler-test
    Projective tests

    Academic scene

    Behaviorism
    Gestalt psychology

    After World War 2

    Mid-1960s: diagnosis and


    assessment had become less
    important
    Clinical psychologists began
    conducting research aimed at
    identifying the etiological factors
    of doisorders (after DSM III)
    Studies on the process and
    effectiveness of psychotherapy
    emerged
    Rogers, 1951
    Research on psychological
    inventories, interviews, and rating
    scales increased
    Increasing interest among clinical
    psychologists in the field of
    behavioral genetics

    The history of clinical


    psychology as a profession

    The beginning of a new


    profession

    Lightner Witmer

    (1867-1956)

    In 1896, he established the


    first psychological clinic.
    In 1907, he proposed a
    new profession, clinical
    psychology.
    He served as founder and
    editor of the first journal in
    the field, The Psychological
    Clinic.
    He developed the first
    training program in clinical
    psychology

    Clinical psychology in Europe

    Scientist-practioner
    modell

    Hans Eysenck, 1960s

    British, scandinavian,
    dutch training programs

    1970s

    Growing independence
    from psychodiagnostics
    Therapautic activities

    Clinical Psychology in Hungary

    1963: ELTE psychologist training


    Ferenc Mreis laboratory, 1960s
    at OIEI
    1973: Post gradual training
    Ferenc Szakcs
    1980: Clinical psychology as
    a profession
    1994: Department of Clinical
    Psychology, HIETE
    Emke Bagdy
    2002: Semmelweis University
    Pcs, Debrecen
    Hungarian Psychological
    Association
    Clinical Psychology
    Professional College

    Thank you for your


    attention!

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