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    Encoders Basic Training

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    Zyzerull Saad
    This document provides an overview of encoders, including their definitions, types, interfaces, and applications. It describes how encoders work by converting mechanical motion into electrical signals. The main types are incremental encoders, which output pulses, and absolute encoders, which provide an absolute position value. Key encoder interfaces like parallel, SSI, and fieldbus are also summarized. The document concludes by discussing encoder selection considerations and providing examples of encoder applications.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Encoders Basic Training

    Uploaded by

    Zyzerull Saad
    669 views41 pages
    This document provides an overview of encoders, including their definitions, types, interfaces, and applications. It describes how encoders work by converting mechanical motion into electrical signals. The main types are incremental encoders, which output pulses, and absolute encoders, which provide an absolute position value. Key encoder interfaces like parallel, SSI, and fieldbus are also summarized. The document concludes by discussing encoder selection considerations and providing examples of encoder applications.

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    This document provides an overview of encoders, including their definitions, types, interfaces, and applications. It describes how encoders work by converting mechanical motion into electrical signals. The main types are incremental encoders, which output pulses, and absolute encoders, which provide an absolute position value. Key encoder interfaces like parallel, SSI, and fieldbus are also summarized. The document concludes by discussing encoder selection considerations and providing examples of encoder applications.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    669 views41 pages

    Encoders Basic Training

    Uploaded by

    Zyzerull Saad
    This document provides an overview of encoders, including their definitions, types, interfaces, and applications. It describes how encoders work by converting mechanical motion into electrical signals. The main types are incremental encoders, which output pulses, and absolute encoders, which provide an absolute position value. Key encoder interfaces like parallel, SSI, and fieldbus are also summarized. The document concludes by discussing encoder selection considerations and providing examples of encoder applications.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 41

    :

    Encoders Basic Training


    Mandee Liberty & Vikram Phadke
    National Encoder Product Specialists

    Typical Industrial System

    Input

    Operation
    (Application)

    Controller

    Output

    Feedback
    Sensor

    : SICK, Inc.

    : Confidential

    Encoders within a Control System

    Feedback
    Sensor

    : SICK, Inc.

    : Confidential

    Encoder Definitions

    What is an encoder?
    :

    An encoder is a device which converts a mechanical information of a shaft or


    position into an electrical signal

    Encoder

    : SICK, Inc.

    : Confidential

    Encoder Definitions

    How is this accomplished?


    :

    As the code disc rotates, it shutters light from the LED and is received and
    transmitted as square\sine waveforms

    Receiver / Sensor
    Code disc
    Lens
    Transmitter / LED
    Shaft

    : SICK, Inc.

    : Confidential

    Encoder Selection Process

    : SICK, Inc.

    : Confidential

    Encoder Selection Process

    : SICK, Inc.

    : Confidential

    Types of Encoders

    Encoder

    Rotary Encoder

    : SICK, Inc.

    Linear Encoder

    : Confidential

    Types of Encoders

    : SICK, Inc.

    : Confidential

    Types of Encoders

    Encoder

    Linear Encoder

    Wire Draw

    : SICK, Inc.

    : Confidential

    Linear with Scale

    10

    Types of Encoders

    : SICK, Inc.

    : Confidential

    11

    Types of Encoders

    Encoder

    Rotary Encoder

    Incremental

    Linear Encoder

    Absolute

    Wire Draw

    Incremental

    : SICK, Inc.

    : Confidential

    Linear with Scale

    Absolute

    12

    Incremental Encoders

    Incremental

    Produces electrical pulses or increments


    with linear or rotary motion

    Signals can be square or sinusoidal waves

    Signals start over at power up, or after a


    power failure. In other words, an incremental
    encoder does not retain position after a
    power cycle

    Incremental encoders are typically used for


    speed or applications that do not require
    absolute position

    : SICK, Inc.

    : Confidential

    13

    Absolute Encoders

    Absolute

    Code disc for absolute


    encoders

    LED

    Lens

    : SICK, Inc.

    Absolute encoders retain their position after


    a power cycle

    Signals typically use SSI, parallel, or field bus


    interfaces (Ethernet/IP, EtherCAT, Profinet,
    Devicenet, CANopen, Profibus, etc)

    Scanning mask
    Code disc

    PhotoElements

    : Confidential

    Provides a unique value for every shaft or


    linear position

    Absolute encoders are used in applications


    were position information is necessary

    14

    Encoder Selection Process

    Electrical Interface

    : SICK, Inc.

    : Confidential

    15

    Types of Encoders

    Encoder

    Rotary Encoder

    Incremental

    : SICK, Inc.

    Absolute

    : Confidential

    16

    Incremental Encoders
    Output Channels

    Incremental encoders
    -

    Resolution
    -

    produce electrical pulses or increments (usually as a


    square wave) with linear or rotary motion of the encoder

    The number of pulses or increments per channel, per


    revolution. Also known as Pulses Per Revolution, or PPR

    Quadrature:
    -

    The standard convention is to output two square wave


    channels along with their complements
    Channels A and B are offset by of a cycle using all four
    channels with this output, we can interpolate 4 positions
    within one pulse cycle. This is known as quadrature
    The 1/4th offset also allows us to see which direction the
    encoder is turning based on what channel is leading. If
    channel A goes high first followed by channel B, we can
    determine the direction of rotation, and visa versa.

    : SICK, Inc.

    : Confidential

    : Name (Date)

    17

    Incremental Encoders
    Electrical Signals

    Output Voltages
    -

    HTL (High Threshold Logic)


    -

    Also known as push pull


    The output voltage will be the same as the supply
    voltage (e.g if the supply on the encoder is 24V,
    the output signal will also be ~24V)

    TTL (Transistor Transistor Logic)


    -

    Standard output voltages are HTL, TTL or Open Collector.


    These refer to the amplitude of the square waves

    Also known as a differential line driver or RS422


    The output voltage will always be 5V regardless of
    the supply voltage on the encoder

    Open Collector
    -

    Instead of outputting a signal of a specific voltage or


    current, the output signal is applied to the base of an
    internal NPN transistor whose collector is externalized

    : SICK, Inc.

    : Confidential

    : Name (Date)

    18

    Incremental Encoders
    Interface Summary

    Incremental Encoder Electronic Interface Summary

    Standard Supply voltages are 5VDC, 10-32 VDC, and 8-24VDC


    Standard outputs are TTL, HTL and Open collector
    Incremental
    Electronic Interface

    TTL / RS 422
    Supply = 5V

    : SICK, Inc.

    TTL / RS 422
    Supply = 10 ... 32V

    : Confidential

    HTL / Push Pull


    Supply = 10 ... 32V

    19

    Open Collector
    Supply = 8-24 V

    Absolute Encoders
    Singleturn vs Multiturn Absolute Encoders

    Encoder

    Rotary Encoder

    Incremental

    Absolute

    Singleturn

    : SICK, Inc.

    Multiturn

    : Confidential

    20

    Singleturn and Multiturn Absolute

    : SICK, Inc.

    : Confidential

    21

    Absolute Encoder Interfaces

    Absolute
    Electronic Interface

    Parallel

    : SICK, Inc.

    SSI

    : Confidential

    BUS

    22

    Parallel Output
    :

    Parallel Output
    -

    Connection
    -

    First form of communication for absolute encoders

    Point-to-point communication where each output wire


    represents a different data bit

    Benefits
    -

    Direct output to digital inputs


    Fast (60us typically)

    : SICK, Inc.

    : Confidential

    Drawbacks

    Complex cabling due to separate bit wires


    High cost

    : Name (Date)

    23

    Synchronous Serial Interface (SSI)


    :

    Synchronous Serial Interface (SSI)


    -

    Connection
    -

    Very common serial interface standard for industrial applications


    Developed by Stegmann in 1984 for absolute encoders now in many products

    Point-to-point connection from a master (PLC, microcontroller) to a slave (encoder)

    Benefits
    -

    Simple cabling, especially compared to


    parallel outputs
    Fast communication speeds
    Low cost

    : SICK, Inc.

    : Confidential

    Drawbacks

    Point-to-point connection, topology restrictions

    : Name (Date)

    24

    Network Encoders

    What do we (or the customer) mean when we say network


    encoder?
    - A network is a collection of products (sensors, HMIs, processes, etc) that are
    connected to a central controller or share information between parts.
    - Also known as Field Bus

    - Example: an Internet VPN (virtual


    private network):

    : SICK, Inc.

    : Confidential

    : Name (Date)

    25

    Field Bus Interfaces


    :

    Field Bus
    -

    Benefits
    -

    Industrial network system that connects multiple products in a manufacturing plant or on a


    machine

    Products are no longer point-to-point which allow multiple products to be connected to one
    controller
    Generally does not require as many cables as a point to point configuration, and cables do not
    need to be as long. This saves on system costs.
    Typically the controller has more flexibility for configuration and information gathering

    Disadvantages
    -

    The network topologies are generally more complex


    Individual components cost more than standalone products (potential system savings, however)

    : SICK, Inc.

    : Confidential

    : Name (Date)

    26

    SICK Absolute Encoder Fieldbus Interfaces

    AFx60 Series

    ATM60 Series
    : SICK, Inc.

    : Confidential

    : Name (Date)

    27

    Electrical Interface Summary


    Things to know when choosing an encoder

    Incremental Encoders
    - Resolution (PPR)
    - Supply Voltage
    - Output Voltage (HTL, TTL or Open
    Collector)

    Absolute Encoders
    - Resolution (singleturn, multiturn)
    - Output type

    - Programmable Encoders:
    DFS60 and DFS2x encoders let you
    program ALL electrical configurations
    except an open collector output

    : SICK, Inc.

    : Confidential

    Parallel (output voltage needed)


    SSI
    Fieldbus

    - Programmable Encoders
    Programmable options for SSI encoders to
    program the resolution. All field bus
    encoders are programmable over their
    respective networks

    : Name (Date)

    28

    Encoder Selection Process

    Mechanical Considerations

    : SICK, Inc.

    : Confidential

    29

    Mechanical Characteristics

    Housings and Connection


    -

    Housing Size

    Cable or Connector

    Shafts
    -

    Solid, blind hollow, through hollow

    Sizes, shaft load

    Flange
    -

    Face mounting flange

    Servo flange

    Square Flange

    Tethers

    : SICK, Inc.

    : Confidential

    30

    Encoder Selection Process

    : SICK, Inc.

    : Confidential

    31

    Product Overview - Rotary Encoders

    Absolute Singleturn Encoders

    : SICK, Inc.

    : Confidential

    Absolute Multiturn Encoders

    32

    Product Overview - Linear Encoders

    : SICK, Inc.

    : Confidential

    33

    Key Products in 2013


    Choice encoders that will solve most applications
    DFS60 with PGT-10-S
    Programming Tool

    Handheld, battery
    operated programming
    tool
    Easy menu structure for
    fast setup and flexibility
    Can be used for
    diagnostics with the
    display or as a cloning
    module

    : SICK, Inc.

    DFS20/25
    Incremental Encoder

    USA sized encoders with


    SICKs F-Technology:

    Wide set bearings for


    even shaft loading

    Absolute single- and multiturn encoders with


    EtherNet/IP, EtherCAT,
    and Profinet interfaces

    Device Level Ring (DLR)


    functionality with the
    EtherNet/IP version

    Metal code disc for high


    vibration and temperature
    Programmable using the
    PC-based tool

    : Confidential

    BCG Wiredraw
    with Analog Output

    AFx60 Series
    With Ethernet

    Superior diagnostics for


    temperature, speed,
    runtime, and many more

    Compact wiredraw
    encoder for applications in
    tight spaces

    Up to 10m of measuring
    length

    Analog output scalable


    directly on the encoder for
    fast commissioning

    34

    Fields of applications

    Machine Tooling

    Packaging

    Print & Paper

    Wood industry

    Automotive

    Ports & Cranes

    Handling

    And many more


    : SICK, Inc.

    : Confidential

    35

    Application Examples
    OVERHEAD CRANE AFM60 EtherNet/IP used to track position of crane

    CONVEYORS DKV60 used to track speed of conveyor

    : SICK, Inc.

    : Confidential

    36

    Application Examples
    WIND TURBINE Absolute encoder AFM60 for gandala and blade angle tracking

    BOTTLING Absolute encoder AFS60 to track position of fillers

    : SICK, Inc.

    : Confidential

    37

    Application Examples
    STADIUM ROOF Position with KH53 Linear Encoder

    LIFT APPLICATIONS Height and Width positioning using BGC Wiredraw Encoders

    : SICK, Inc.

    : Confidential

    38

    Additional Resources

    SICK University
    Tour
    March May 2013

    Tech Tuesdays
    Check www.sickusa.com for
    schedule

    Product Training

    : SICK, Inc.

    Demo Cases

    : Confidential

    Demonstration Videos
    & Application
    Animations

    39

    Marketing Tools

    Encoder Catalog
    *Update in 2013

    : SICK, Inc.

    Encoder Selection
    Guide

    : Confidential

    Application Book

    40

    Thank you for your attention.

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