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    01 Introduction

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    Suranga Sampath
    This document provides an overview of relational database theory and concepts. It discusses the evolution of computing technology and database technology from files to relational databases. It describes the components of a database system including data, users, software, hardware and administration. It outlines the roles of different users such as end users, analysts, database administrators and programmers. It also summarizes the uses of databases and the database development process.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    01 Introduction

    Uploaded by

    Suranga Sampath
    60 views44 pages
    This document provides an overview of relational database theory and concepts. It discusses the evolution of computing technology and database technology from files to relational databases. It describes the components of a database system including data, users, software, hardware and administration. It outlines the roles of different users such as end users, analysts, database administrators and programmers. It also summarizes the uses of databases and the database development process.

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    This document provides an overview of relational database theory and concepts. It discusses the evolution of computing technology and database technology from files to relational databases. It describes the components of a database system including data, users, software, hardware and administration. It outlines the roles of different users such as end users, analysts, database administrators and programmers. It also summarizes the uses of databases and the database development process.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    60 views44 pages

    01 Introduction

    Uploaded by

    Suranga Sampath
    This document provides an overview of relational database theory and concepts. It discusses the evolution of computing technology and database technology from files to relational databases. It describes the components of a database system including data, users, software, hardware and administration. It outlines the roles of different users such as end users, analysts, database administrators and programmers. It also summarizes the uses of databases and the database development process.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 44

    IT 20303 DBMS Concepts

    Relational Database Theory

    Relational Database Theory


    The Database Environment
    Evolution of Computing Technology
    Punch-Cards 1950-60s
    Character Based VDU 1960-70s
    GUI 1980-90s
    Voice/Telephony 1990-Beyond

    Relational Database Theory


    The Database Environment
    Evolution of Processing
    Environments
    Batch Processing 1950-60s
    Online 1970-80s
    Networked 1980-90s
    Future ? 2000-beyond

    Relational Database Theory


    Computing Technology based on
    Advances in:
    Hardware economics and
    miniaturization
    Continues to provide increasing
    power at decreasing costs
    Enables a broad range of
    powerful servers and workstations

    Relational Database Theory


    Computing Technology based on
    Advances in:
    Software availability & capabilities
    Off-the-Shelf applications software
    Software to support all phases of
    application development

    Relational Database Theory


    Computing Technology based on
    Advances in:
    Connectivity networking & internet
    Creates demand for web-enabled
    applications
    Allows interaction with many
    systems & databases

    Relational Database Theory


    Database Technology Evolution
    Files 1950-60s
    Hierarchical 1960-70s
    Network 1970-80s
    Relational 1990-beyond

    Relational Database Theory


    Database Technology
    Relational is the dominate database
    technology
    Importance of business rules is
    widely recognized
    Importance, use, and amount of
    data is increasing

    Relational Database Theory


    Database Technology
    Our understanding of the nature of
    data is expanding
    Scalar (traditional) data: numbers,
    character strings, dates
    Complex data: graphics, images,
    geographic data, audio, video,
    documents

    Relational Database Theory


    Database Technology
    Relational DBMS capabilities are
    being extended
    To handle larger volumes and
    complex data

    Relational Database Theory


    Database Technology
    Trend is to provide a GUI to the
    database
    Accessing the database via the web

    Relational Database Theory


    Impact of Technology Advances
    Systems are user-oriented rather
    than machine-oriented
    Rate of new technology & product
    introduction is very fast
    People use computers, databases,
    & the internet to do their jobs

    Relational Database Theory


    Impact of Technology Advances
    Conducting business on the internet
    is vital to most organizations
    Still working to provide easier user
    access to data
    Still seeking better ways to turn data
    into useful information

    Relational Database Theory


    Database Environment Introduction
    Components:
    Data
    Users
    Network
    Software
    Hardware
    Administration

    Relational Database Theory


    Database & the DBMS
    What is a Database?
    A collection of related data
    Intended for use by a known group of
    users
    Designed & built for a specific set of
    requirements
    Represents (or models) some aspect
    of the real world

    Relational Database Theory


    Database & the DBMS
    What is a database management
    system (DBMS)?
    A collection of programs
    Enables users to create, maintain,
    & access a database

    Relational Database Theory


    Why use a Database & a DBMS?
    A database supports data sharing
    Many users access the same data
    Minimizes duplicated data and
    resulting update inconsistencies

    Relational Database Theory


    Why use a Database & a DBMS?
    An RDBMS is a productivity tool
    Provides efficient storage and
    access techniques
    Provides a standard databse
    access language, SQL
    Many development & case
    tools interface to RDBMSs

    Relational Database Theory


    Why use a Database & a DBMS?
    An RDBMS provides centralized
    control of operational data
    Restricts access to authorized
    users: security
    Supports recovery of data in case
    of failure: durability

    Relational Database Theory


    Why use a Database & a DBMS?
    Provides access by multiple users
    at the same time: concurrency
    Supports business rules about
    data values, relationships:
    integrity

    Relational Database Theory


    Different Groups of Users work with
    Databases
    Data Administration
    End Users
    Data Analyst
    Business Systems Analyst
    Systems Analyst
    Programmer Analyst
    DBA

    Relational Database Theory


    End Users are at all levels in the
    organization
    End Users primary job function is not
    programming
    Need information to answer questions,
    make decisions, etc.
    Provide input for data and process
    requirements
    Scattered throughout the organization

    Relational Database Theory


    Analysts
    Business Systems Analyst
    Expertise in business operations
    Develop specifications, process
    models for applications

    Relational Database Theory


    Analysts
    Systems Analyst
    Expertise in business applications
    development
    Develop specifications, models,
    and applications

    Relational Database Theory


    Analysts
    Data Analyst
    Expertise in business
    applications, especially data
    usage

    Relational Database Theory


    Analysts
    Programmer Analyst
    Expertise in programming,
    application
    development/maintenance
    Uses VB, C++, etc.
    Support day-to-day operations of
    the enterprise

    Relational Database Theory


    Database Administrator (DBA)
    Interfaces with Users
    Builds and Populates the database
    Manages disk storage, backup, &
    recovery
    Maintains passwords & access
    authorization

    Relational Database Theory


    Database Administrator (DBA)
    Monitors performance & responds to
    changing needs
    Installs new releases of the RDBMS
    & related products
    Keeper of the Data Dictionary

    Relational Database Theory


    Database Administration
    Develops high-level data
    architecture
    Supports current & expected
    business functions
    Responsible for a global view of all
    the enterprises data

    Relational Database Theory


    Database Administration
    Overall data architecture can have
    many subject databases
    One or more subject databases
    can have one or many DBAs
    Integral to Information Resource
    Management (IRM) philosophy

    Relational Database Theory


    Uses of a Database
    Production Database
    Used to accomplish business
    functions of an organization
    Online or batch applications
    Objective is reliable, timely,
    valid processing of data

    Relational Database Theory


    Uses of a Database
    Database usage includes CRUD
    activities
    Creating, Reading, Updating, &
    Deleting data (CRUD)
    Sometimes referred to as
    online complex processing

    Relational Database Theory


    Uses of a Database
    Required features of DBMS often
    include:
    Security
    Recovery
    Concurrency
    Transaction Processing

    Relational Database Theory


    Uses of a Database
    Decision-Support Database
    Used for analysis, querying, &
    reporting
    Read-Only
    Sometimes referred to as
    OnLine Analytical Processing
    (OLAP)

    Relational Database Theory


    Uses of a Database
    Required features of DBMS
    environment often include:
    Easy-to-Use query tools or
    custom applications

    Relational Database Theory


    Uses of a Database
    Data Warehouse
    An approach to providing a
    database for querying and
    analysis

    Relational Database Theory


    Uses of a Database
    Individual Use Database
    A DBMS & a database in the
    individual users workstation
    Single-User environment

    Relational Database Theory


    Uses of a Database
    Initially mass-consumer-oriented
    Example: dBASE, Paradox, FoxPro,
    Access
    RDBMS vendors introduced personal
    versions:
    Personal Oracle (Free)
    IBM DB2/2 ($600/year)
    Sybase SQL Anywhere ($200)

    Relational Database Theory


    Uses of a Database
    Required features often include
    ease of:
    Installing, Use
    Reporting
    Producing simple applications

    Relational Database Theory


    The Database Development Process
    Requirements
    Analysis/Design
    Produce
    Build/Test
    Production Maintenance

    Relational Database Theory


    Roles in Application & Database
    Development - Logical
    Data
    Data Administration
    Data Analyst
    Conceptual Data Models
    ERDs
    Created with help of the Users

    Relational Database Theory


    Roles in Application & Database
    Development - Logical
    Process
    Business Systems Analyst
    Systems Analyst
    Process Model
    DFD, Action Diagrams, Process
    Specification Diagrams

    Relational Database Theory


    Roles in Application & Database
    Development Physical
    Data
    Database Administrator
    Database

    Relational Database Theory


    Roles in Application & Database
    Development Physical
    Process
    Programmer Analyst
    Program Code

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