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    LECTURE 28 (Ch. 11) Ac Voltage Controllers: ECE 452 Power Electronics

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    Nishant Parikh
    Thyristors can be used as static switches for on-load tap changing of transformers, providing fast switching. Cycloconverters can provide variable output voltage and frequency by converting AC power directly from one frequency to another using controlled rectifiers and inverters. They are commonly used to drive low-speed AC motors from 0-20Hz. Single-phase and three-phase cycloconverters use bridge rectifiers with controllable delay angles to synthesize the output waveform. Minimizing output harmonics can be achieved by varying the delay angles to more closely match the average voltage of each segment to the desired sinusoidal output voltage.

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    LECTURE 28 (Ch. 11) Ac Voltage Controllers: ECE 452 Power Electronics

    Uploaded by

    Nishant Parikh
    28 views18 pages
    Thyristors can be used as static switches for on-load tap changing of transformers, providing fast switching. Cycloconverters can provide variable output voltage and frequency by converting AC power directly from one frequency to another using controlled rectifiers and inverters. They are commonly used to drive low-speed AC motors from 0-20Hz. Single-phase and three-phase cycloconverters use bridge rectifiers with controllable delay angles to synthesize the output waveform. Minimizing output harmonics can be achieved by varying the delay angles to more closely match the average voltage of each segment to the desired sinusoidal output voltage.

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    Lecture 28

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    Thyristors can be used as static switches for on-load tap changing of transformers, providing fast switching. Cycloconverters can provide variable output voltage and frequency by converting AC power directly from one frequency to another using controlled rectifiers and inverters. They are commonly used to drive low-speed AC motors from 0-20Hz. Single-phase and three-phase cycloconverters use bridge rectifiers with controllable delay angles to synthesize the output waveform. Minimizing output harmonics can be achieved by varying the delay angles to more closely match the average voltage of each segment to the desired sinusoidal output voltage.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    28 views18 pages

    LECTURE 28 (Ch. 11) Ac Voltage Controllers: ECE 452 Power Electronics

    Uploaded by

    Nishant Parikh
    Thyristors can be used as static switches for on-load tap changing of transformers, providing fast switching. Cycloconverters can provide variable output voltage and frequency by converting AC power directly from one frequency to another using controlled rectifiers and inverters. They are commonly used to drive low-speed AC motors from 0-20Hz. Single-phase and three-phase cycloconverters use bridge rectifiers with controllable delay angles to synthesize the output waveform. Minimizing output harmonics can be achieved by varying the delay angles to more closely match the average voltage of each segment to the desired sinusoidal output voltage.

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    of 18

    LECTURE 28 (Ch.

    11) AC VOLTAGE CONTROLLERS


    ECE 452 Power Electronics
    1

    Single-Phase Transformer Tap Changers

    Thyristors can be used as static switches for onload tap changing of transformers. The static tap changers have a very fast switching action.
    The circuit diagram of a single-phase transformer tap changer is shown below.
    2

    0 vo V1 0 vo (V1 V2 ) V1 vo (V1 V2 )

    The gating pulses of thyristors can be controlled to vary the load voltage.

    0 vo V1 0 vo (V1 V2 ) V1 vo (V1 V2 )

    Cycloconverters

    The ac voltage controllers provide a variable output voltage, but the frequency of the output voltage is fixed. In addition the harmonic content is high at low ac voltages (high ). A variable output voltage at variable frequency can be obtained from a two stage conversion.
    5

    First the fixed ac is converted to a variable dc (controlled rectifier), and then the variable dc is converted to a variable ac at variable frequency (inverter).

    However, the cycloconverter can eliminate the need of one or more intermediate converters.
    A cycloconverter is a direct frequency changer that converts ac power at one frequency to ac power at another frequency by ac-ac conversion.

    Cycloconverters are naturally commutated and the maximum output frequency is a fraction of the source frequency.

    Therefore, cycloconverters are low speed ac motor drives in ranges up to 15 MW with frequencies from 0 to 20 Hz.
    7

    Single-Phase Cycloconverters

    The principle of operation of single-phase cycloconverters can be explained with the following figure.

    First, two single-phase controlled converters are operated as bridge rectifiers.

    Their delay angles are such that the output voltage of one converter is equal and opposite to that of the other converter.

    If p is the delay angle of positive converter, the delay angle of the negative converter is: n = p
    9

    10

    Three-Phase Cycloconverter

    The circuit diagram of a three-phase/single phase cycloconverter is shown next.

    The synthesis of output waveform for an output frequency of 12 Hz is also in this figure.

    11

    12

    The cycloconverter of previous figure can be extended to feed a three-phase load, by having six three-phase converters.

    If six full-wave three-phase converters are used, 36 thyristors would be required.

    13

    14

    Reduction of Output Harmonics

    The output voltage of cycloconverters is basically made up of segments of input voltages.

    The average value of a segment depends on the delay angle for that segment.

    15

    If the delay angles of segments were varied in such a way that the average values of segments corresponds as closely as possible to the variations of desired sinusoidal output voltage, the harmonics on the output voltage can be minimized.

    16

    The delay angles for segments can be generated by comparing a cosine signal at the source frequency with an ideal sinusoidal reference voltage at the output frequency.

    The following figure shows generation of the gating signals for the cycloconverter.

    17

    18

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