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    PHASOR Diagrams of Basic Electrical Engineering

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    Subrato Kumar Pati
    This document discusses sinusoids, phasors, and complex numbers as they relate to electrical engineering. It defines key terms like period, frequency, amplitude, and phase for sinusoids. It introduces complex numbers and phasors, which represent the magnitude and phase of a sinusoid. The document explains how to perform arithmetic operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division on complex numbers and phasors. It also discusses how complex exponentials provide the link between sinusoidal time functions and phasors.

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    PHASOR Diagrams of Basic Electrical Engineering

    Uploaded by

    Subrato Kumar Pati
    103 views18 pages
    This document discusses sinusoids, phasors, and complex numbers as they relate to electrical engineering. It defines key terms like period, frequency, amplitude, and phase for sinusoids. It introduces complex numbers and phasors, which represent the magnitude and phase of a sinusoid. The document explains how to perform arithmetic operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division on complex numbers and phasors. It also discusses how complex exponentials provide the link between sinusoidal time functions and phasors.

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    PHASOR Diagrams of basic electrical engineering

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    PHASOR Diagrams of basic electrical engineering

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    This document discusses sinusoids, phasors, and complex numbers as they relate to electrical engineering. It defines key terms like period, frequency, amplitude, and phase for sinusoids. It introduces complex numbers and phasors, which represent the magnitude and phase of a sinusoid. The document explains how to perform arithmetic operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division on complex numbers and phasors. It also discusses how complex exponentials provide the link between sinusoidal time functions and phasors.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    103 views18 pages

    PHASOR Diagrams of Basic Electrical Engineering

    Uploaded by

    Subrato Kumar Pati
    This document discusses sinusoids, phasors, and complex numbers as they relate to electrical engineering. It defines key terms like period, frequency, amplitude, and phase for sinusoids. It introduces complex numbers and phasors, which represent the magnitude and phase of a sinusoid. The document explains how to perform arithmetic operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division on complex numbers and phasors. It also discusses how complex exponentials provide the link between sinusoidal time functions and phasors.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 18
    At a glance
    Powered by AI
    The key takeaways are that complex numbers can be represented in either polar or rectangular coordinates and can be manipulated using arithmetic operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication and division.

    Complex numbers can be represented in either polar coordinates using magnitude and phase or in rectangular coordinates using the real and imaginary parts.

    Addition of complex numbers is performed by adding the real parts and adding the imaginary parts when in rectangular coordinates.

    Sinusoids

    Period: T
    Time necessary to go through one cycle

    Frequency: f = 1/T
    Cycles per second

    Radian frequency: w = 2p f Amplitude: VM

    Phase
    8 6 4 2 0 -2 0 -4 -6 -8 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05

    Leading and Lagging Phase


    x1 (t ) X M 1 coswt q
    x2 (t ) X M 2 coswt
    x1(t) leads x2(t) by q- x2(t) lags x1(t) by q-

    Complex Numbers

    imaginary axis y q x

    real axis

    x is the real part y is the imaginary part z is the magnitude q is the phase

    More Complex Numbers


    Polar Coordinates: A = z q Rectangular Coordinates: A = x + jy

    x z cosq

    y z sin q

    z x y
    2

    y q tan x
    1

    There is a good chance that your calculator will convert from rectangular to polar and from polar to rectangular.

    Arithmetic With Complex Numbers


    We need to be able to perform computation with complex numbers. Addition Subtraction Multiplication Division

    Addition
    Addition is most easily performed in rectangular coordinates: A = x + jy B = z + jw A + B = (x + z) + j(y + w)

    Addition
    Imaginary Axis
    A+B

    Real Axis

    Subtraction
    Subtraction is most easily performed in rectangular coordinates: A = x + jy B = z + jw A - B = (x - z) + j(y - w)

    Subtraction
    Imaginary Axis

    A-B

    Real Axis

    Multiplication
    Multiplication is most easily performed in polar coordinates: A = AM q B = BM A B = (AM BM) (q )

    Multiplication
    Imaginary Axis
    B

    AB

    Real Axis

    Division
    Division is most easily performed in polar coordinates: A = AM q B = BM A / B = (AM / BM) (q )

    Division
    Imaginary Axis
    B

    Real Axis

    A/B

    Phasors
    A phasor is a complex number that represents the magnitude and phase of a sinusoid:

    X M coswt q

    X X M q

    Complex Exponentials
    A complex exponential is the mathematical tool needed to obtain phasor of a sinusoidal function. A complex exponential is ejwt = cos wt + j sin wt A complex number A = z q can be represented A = z q = z ejq = z cos q + j z sin q We represent a real-valued sinusoid as the real part of a complex exponential. Complex exponentials provide the link between time functions and phasors. Complex exponentials make solving for AC steady state an algebraic problem

    Complex Exponentials (contd)


    What do you get when you multiple A with ejwt for the real part?

    Aejwt = z ejq ejwt = z ej(wt+q

    z ej(wt+q = z cos (wt+q + j z sin (wt+q


    Re[Aejwt] = z cos (wt+q

    Sinusoids, Complex Exponentials, and Phasors


    Sinusoid:

    z cos (wt+q Re[Aejwt]


    Complex exponential:

    Aejwt = z ej(wt+q, A z ejq,


    Phasor for the above sinusoid:

    V=zq

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