Domain and Range of Trigonometric Functions

TRIGONOMETRY - LESSON 9
Domain and Range of

Trigonometric Functions
1
2
Consider a unit circle (i.e. the circle with radius = 1) with centre at the origin O.
Let P be a point on the circle such that OP makes angle θ with the x axis in
Anticlockwise direction i.e. ∠AOP = θ
y
Then cosθ and sin θ
P(x , y) are defined as
cosθ = x – coordinate of P
θ sin θ = y – coordinate of P
x′ x
O 1 A
y′ 3
Period
2
π
Maximum value of sine = 1 Minimum value of sine = –1

Range of sine is [–1 , 1] Period of sine is 2πc
4
Sine Function
y = f(x) = sin (x)
Domain : It is defined for all real values of x
Range: -1 ≤ y ≤ 1
Period : 2𝜋
It is a odd function
Graph of sin(x) function
5
Cosine Function
y = f(x) = cos (x)
Domain : It is defined for all real values of x
Range: -1 ≤ y ≤ 1
Period : 2𝜋
It is a even function
Graph of cos(x) function
6
Tangent Function
y = f(x) = tan (x)
Domain : It is defined for all real values of x except x ≠ (2n + 1) (π/2)
where n is any integer
Range: All the real numbers
Period : 𝜋
Graph of tan(x) function
7
Cotangent Function
y = f(x) = cot (x)
Domain : It is defined for all real values of x except x ≠ nπ, where n is
any integer
Range: All the real numbers
Period : 𝜋
Graph of cot(x) function
8
Secant Function
y = f(x) = sec (x)
Domain : It is defined for all real values of x except x ≠ (2n + 1) (π/2)
where n is any integer
Range: (-∞, -1] ∪ [1, ∞)
Period : 2𝜋
It is a even function
Graph of sec(x) function
9
Cosecant Function
y = f(x) = cosec (x)
Domain : It is defined for all real values of x except x ≠ n𝜋, where n is
any integer
Range: (-∞, -1] ∪ [1, ∞)
Period : 2𝜋
Graph of cosec(x) function
10
Trigonometric functions Period Domain Range
Sin θ 2π All Real numbers [-1, 1]
Cos θ 2π All Real numbers [-1, 1]
Tan θ π All Real - (2n + 1)π/2 All Real numbers
Sec θ 2π All Real - (2n + 1)π/2 (-∞, -1] ∪ [1, ∞)
Cosec θ 2π All Real - nπ (-∞ , -1] ∪ [ 1, ∞)
Cot θ π All Real - nπ All Real numbers
11
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Q1. Find the domain and range of the function
15
Solution :
16
Q2. Find the domain and range of
17
Solution :
18
Q3. Find the domain and range of
19
Solution :
20
Q4. The function f : R ⟶R is defined by f(x) = cos2x + sin4x for x 𝜖 R,

then the domain and range of f(x) is
21
Solution :
22
Q4. The function f : R ⟶R is defined by f(x) = cos2x + sin4x for x 𝜖 R,

then the range of f(x) is
23
Result Prove that – √ a2 + b2 ≤ a cos x + b sin x ≤ √ a2 + b2
24
Prove that – √ a2 + b2 ≤ a cos x + b sin x ≤ √ a2 + b2
Solution Proof : Let y = a cos x + b sin x

Multiply and divide by √ a2 + b2
a b
cos x + sin x
y = √ a2 + b2 √ a +b 2 2 √ a2 + b2
sin α cos α
y = √ a2 + b2 sin ( x + α )
√a 2 √a 2
+b2 +b2
b a
γ α
a b 25
Example: 5 Find the maximum and minimum value of cos2 θ – 6sin θ cos θ + 3sin2 θ + 2
26
Example: 5 Find the maximum and minimum value of cos2 θ – 6sin θ cos θ + 3sin2 θ + 2
Solution : cos2 θ – 6sin θ cos θ + 3sin2 θ + 2

1 + cos2θ 1 – cos2θ
= – 3 sin2θ + 3 + 2
2 2
1
= 1 + 3 – 2 cos 2θ – 6 sin2 θ + 2
2
1
= 8 – 2 cos 2θ – 6 sin 2θ
2
27
1
= 8 – 2 cos 2θ – 6 sin 2θ
2
= 4 – cos2 θ – 3 sin2 θ
a sin x + bcos x + c c - √a2 + b2 , c + √a2 + b2

∈
Minimum : 4 – √12 + 32 = 4 – √10
Maximum : 4 + √12 + 32 = 4 + √10

28
Example: 6 1
Find the maximum value of the expression
sin2θ + 3sinθ cosθ + 5
cos2θ
29
Example: 6 1
Find the maximum value of the expression
sin2θ + 3sinθ cosθ + 5 cos2θ
Solution :
Consider E = sin2 θ + 3sinθ cosθ + 5 cos2θ
1 – cos2θ 3 5
= + sin2θ + (1 + cos2θ)
2 2 2
1 5 (5cos2θ – cos2θ) 3
= + + + sin2θ
2 2 2 2
3 sin2θ
= 3 + 2cos2θ +
2
30
3 sin2θ
= 3 + 2cos2θ +
2
9
√ 22 + 3 √4+
2
Min (E): 3– = 3– 4
2
√25
= 3–
2
5
= 3–
2
1
=
2
31
To get max value of

1/E, we need min
As E = sin2 θ + 3sinθ cosθ + 5 cos2θ value of E
1
Min (E) =
2
1
Maximum value of 2 is 2
sin θ + 3sin θ cos θ + 5 cos2 θ
32
H.W
Q. Find minimum and maximum value of 3 cosx+5 sin(x - π/6)
A -√25 , √25
B -17 , 17
C -√21 , √21
D None of these
33
34
35
36
Thank You
37
Solution :
38

Domain and Range of Trigonometric Functions

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TRIGONOMETRY - LESSON 9

Domain and Range of

Maximum value of sine = 1 Minimum value of sine = –1

Trigonometric functions Period Domain Range

Sin θ 2π All Real numbers [-1, 1]

Cos θ 2π All Real numbers [-1, 1]

Tan θ π All Real - (2n + 1)π/2 All Real numbers

Sec θ 2π All Real - (2n + 1)π/2 (-∞, -1] ∪ [1, ∞)

Cosec θ 2π All Real - nπ (-∞ , -1] ∪ [ 1, ∞)

Cot θ π All Real - nπ All Real numbers

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Q1. Find the domain and range of the function

Q2. Find the domain and range of

Q3. Find the domain and range of

Q4. The function f : R ⟶R is deﬁned by f(x) = cos2x + sin4x for x 𝜖 R,

Q4. The function f : R ⟶R is deﬁned by f(x) = cos2x + sin4x for x 𝜖 R,

Result Prove that – √ a2 + b2 ≤ a cos x + b sin x ≤ √ a2 + b2

Prove that – √ a2 + b2 ≤ a cos x + b sin x ≤ √ a2 + b2

Solution Proof : Let y = a cos x + b sin x

Solution : cos2 θ – 6sin θ cos θ + 3sin2 θ + 2

a sin x + bcos x + c c - √a2 + b2 , c + √a2 + b2

Maximum : 4 + √12 + 32 = 4 + √10

To get max value of

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