Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing Presented Gaurav: By: Dubey

ORTHOGONAL FREQUENCY DIVISION MULTIPLEXING Presented by: Gaurav Dubey
Introduction to OFDM.
It is also called as multi carrier or multi tone
modulation.
It distributes the data over a large number of carriers
that are spaced apart at precise frequencies.
The spacing provides the "orthogonality" in this
technique which prevents the demodulators from seeing frequencies other than their own. signals.
It uses multiple antennas to transmit and receive radio
What is Fading?
A variation in the strength of received signals due to variations in the conditions of the transmission medium or paths.
Need of OFDM
High bit rate needs are clumped by the nature of communication channel. Reduces multipath propagation increase transmission rates.
effects
and
History of OFDM
The concept of parallel data transmission using FDM
was introduced in 1960.

Initially it was used in military applications.
From 1990, OFDM is being used for wideband data
communication
Principle
The basic principle of OFDM is to split a high rate data stream into a number of lower rate streams that are transmitted simultaneously over a number
of subcarriers.
Each subcarrier is orthogonal. Channel bandwidth is divided into subchannels to reduce ISI and frequency selective fading.
What is orthogonality???
The correlation of the signals is zero.
Inter carrier guard bands are not required. It allows high spectral efficiency. It reduces Doppler shift.
Positive and negative area cancel + Area
Positive and negative area cancel
+ Area +Area - Area
+Area
- Area
Importance of orthogonality
F(t)= sin mt * sin nt

F(t)
Multiplication of two sine wave having different harmonics
a m p l i t u d e
-f2
-f1
1/Ts
f0
f1
f2
frequency
Distribution of sub-carriers
We take it all in one truck
FDM
shipment
OFDM
Single carrier
Multicarrier
bits
X(n)
IFFT
x(K)
CP
feedback
S(K)
Bit loading
Channel estimation
Channel
r(K)
bits
demodulation X(n)
Channel compensation
FFT
Y(n) y(K)
CP
OFDM SYSTEM
Generated OFDM signal
Serial to parallel conversion
IFFT
FFT
Parallel to serial conversion
OFDM link function
Cyclic prefix
Cyclic prefix refers to the prefixing of a symbol with a
repetition of the end.
Cyclic prefix is a feature of OFDM to reduce the effect
of multipath, ICI, ISI by introducing a guard interval at front. It converts the linear convolution to circular convolution.
It allows the receiver to absorb much more efficiently .
CP
Frame
CP
Types of OFDM
C-OFDM: It divides the single digital signal into 1,000 or more signal carriers simultaneously and the signals are sent at right angle to each other. It is used in digital audio and video broadcasting. MIMO-OFDM: it uses multiple antennas to transmit and receive radio signals. It offers significant increase in data throughput and link range without additional bandwidth. W-OFDM: large spacing between carriers. More immune against fading. Less sensitive to carrier offsets.
CONTD
V-OFDM : it creates robust processing technique for multipath fading and narrow band interference. It employs for both frequency and spatial diversity. It increases subscriber coverage. FLASH-OFDM: It is a fast-hopped OFDM. It uses wideband spectrum technology. Capability to work around interfering signals.
Advantages
Efficiently deals with multi path fading.
Efficiently deals with channel delay spread. Enhanced channel capacity. Modifies modulation density. Suffers less intersymbol interference.
Disadvantages
Sensitive to small carrier frequency offsets. Exhibits high peak to average power ratio. Sensitive to high frequency phase noise.
Sensitive to high clock offsets.

Sensitive to inter channel interference.
Applications
Digital audio and video broadcasting. Wireless networking. Power-line technology. 4G transmission in cellular phones.
Conclusion
OFDM is a very promising technology with adaptive
algorithm which serves well to improve performance.

It avoids the obstacles like frequency selective fading,
ISI and ICI.

It provides the efficient transmission of data.

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing Presented Gaurav: By: Dubey

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing Presented Gaurav: By: Dubey

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing Presented Gaurav: By: Dubey

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

ORTHOGONAL FREQUENCY DIVISION MULTIPLEXING Presented by: Gaurav Dubey

It distributes the data over a large number of carriers

that are spaced apart at precise frequencies.

The spacing provides the "orthogonality" in this

It uses multiple antennas to transmit and receive radio

was introduced in 1960.

Positive and negative area cancel + Area

Positive and negative area cancel

+ Area +Area - Area

F(t)= sin mt * sin nt

Multiplication of two sine wave having different harmonics

We take it all in one truck

Generated OFDM signal

Serial to parallel conversion

Parallel to serial conversion

OFDM link function

repetition of the end.

Cyclic prefix is a feature of OFDM to reduce the effect

Sensitive to high clock offsets.

algorithm which serves well to improve performance.

ISI and ICI.

You might also like