Design Considerations

DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS: 1 Size or capacity of a dryer is decided by the amount and variety of grain to be dried per day or for
the whole season. The sizes of dryer are express either in terms of holding capacity of amount of grain to be dried per unit time. (2) Calculation of air and heat for heated air dryers i.e. Mass and Heat Balance in grain drying:The air flow rate required for heated air drying systems can be calculated as follows : The rate of air flow required for drying may be calculated by making heat balance. The heated air drying system is represented by : where G = air flow rate, m3/min. H1, H2 = humidities of ambient and heated air, kg/kg. H3 = humidity of exhaust air, kg/kg. RH1, RH2 & RH3 = relative humidities of ambient, heated and exhaust air, respectively, per cent. t1, t2 & t3 = dry bulb temperatures of ambient, heated and exhaust air respectively, 0C. Wd = total weight of bone dry grain in the dryer, kg. X1, X2 = initial and final moisture contents of grain, kg/kg. G1 G2 t , t = initial and final grain temperatures, 0C. v1 = initial humid volume, m3/kg.
The air flow rate required for heated air drying systems can be calculated as follows : The rate of air flow required for drying may be calculated by making heat balance. The heated air drying system is represente
Assume the following data. Ambient air temperature = 30 C Relative humidity of ambient air = 70 % Initial moisture content of pulses = 17% w.b. Final moisture content of pulses = 12% w.b. Grain initial temperature = 30 C = tG1 Grain final temperature = 55 C = tG2 Heated air temperature = 60 C = t2 Exhaust air temperature = 40 C = t1 Latent heat of water vapour = 600 K cal/Kg Bulk density of pulses at 12% w.b.m.c. = 770 kg/m3 Drying time = 1 hr Assumption specific heat of grain = 0.3934 Kcal/Kg0C Height of the dryer=52 c.m. Volume of drying chamber=42*52*38=82992 c.m3 Air requirement :Dry paddy = 2500 ( 1 0.12 ) = 2200 Kg = Weight of dry paddy x ( x1 x2) = 2200 ( 0.20482 0.1364 ) = 150.604 Kg
Weight of moisture evaporate
= 2200 ( 0.20482 0.1364 ) = 150.604 Kg From psychrometric chart ( Appendix 1) :Absolute humidity of ambient air = 0.019 Kg/Kg - Humid heat of ambient air Assumption specific heat of grain = 0.3934 Kcal/Kg0C (from grain parameters table 6.5) Height of the dryer H = height of bin + height of plenum chamber + 3 H = 2.5 + 0.75 + 3 = 6.25 ft Volume of plenum chamber V = 8 x 7 x 0.75 = 42 ft3 Volume of drying chamber
93 3
3.24 10 3.247 770 2500 mm
Vm Air requirement :- Bone dry paddy = 2500 ( 1 0.12 ) = 2200 Kg - Initial moisture content = 17% w.b = d b m m 100 . 100 = 100 20.482 d.b 100 17 17 Final moisture content = 12% W.b.= d b m m 100 . 100 = 100 13.64 d.b 100 12 12 Weight of moisture evaporated = Weight of bone dry paddy x ( x1 x2) = 2200 ( 0.20482 0.1364 ) = 150.604 Kg From psychrometric chart ( Appendix 1) :Absolute humidity of ambient air = 0.019 Kg/Kg - Humid heat of ambient air S = 0.24 + 0.45 H S = 0.24 + 0.45 x 0.019 S = 0.24855 Kcal/Kg0C Let G be the rate of air supply in Kg/min Heat supplied by the air in 60 min = G. S. ( t2 t1 ) = G (0.24855) (85-40) x 60 = 6.71.085 G Heat Utilised :i) As sensible heat of grain = B. D. grain x Sp. Heat of grain x temperature rise = Wd x Cp9 x ( tG2 tG1 )
= 2200 x 0.3934 x ( 70 30 ) = 34,619.2 Kcal ii) As sensible heat of water = total weight of water x sp.heat of water x temperature rise = Wd (X1) x CPW ( tG2 tG1 ) = 2200 x 0.20482 x 1.0 x ( 7.0 30 ) = 18024.16 K cal iii) As latent heat of water vapour = Water evaporated x latent heat of water = 150.604 x 600 = 90,362.4 Kcal - Total heat utilized = sum of above heats = 34,619.2 + 18,024.16 + 90,362.4 = 143005.76 K cal Suppose heat loss = 10% Net heat required = 143005.76/0.9 = 1,58,896 Kcal
Hence, 671.085G = 1,58896 G = 236.774 Kg/min - From psychrometric chart humid volume of the ambient air = 0.88 m 3/Kg So air required = 236.774 x 0.884 = 209.308 m3/min = 209.308 x 35.34 = 7396.94 = 7397 cfm Static pressure drop - Surface area of plenum chamber = 8 x 7 = 56ft2 - Since maximum 50% area is perforated area through which air passes = 28 ft 2 Air requirement per ft 264.18 cfm/ ft 2 28 7397 from shedds curve ( Appendix 2) 60 cfm = 0.7 inch of water per 1 ft grain depth for 264.18 cfm/ft2 = 3.0821 per 1ft grain depth Depth of grain = 1.5 ft So pressure drop = 18 4.62315 inch of water 12 3.0821
Packing of grain in bin may cause 50% higher resistance air flow than the values shown Total pressure drop = 6.934725 in of water Add the static pressure drop from the duct and floor, usually about in water if the air velocity is kept at 1,000 fpm or less Total pressure drop = 6.935 + 0.25 = 7.184725 in = 7.185 x 2.54 = 18.25 cm - Density of air = 1.13 Kg/m3

Design Considerations

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DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS: 1 Size or capacity of a dryer is decided by the amount and variety of grain to be dried per day or for

Weight of moisture evaporate

3.24 10 3.247 770 2500 mm

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