Automatic accident detection &

Intelligent Information system

M. Ganesh M.E S. R. Sundar Raju P. Vivek
Assistant Professor Final Year EEE Final year EEE
Department of Electrical and Department of Electrical and Department of Electrical and
Electronics Engineering Electronics Engineering Electronics Engineering
P.A.College of Engineering and P.A.College of Engineering and P.A.College of Engineering and
Technology Technology Technology

M. Mohammed Safeek G. Vimal Kumar

Final year EEE Final year EEE
Department of Electrical and Department of Electrical and
Electronics Engineering Electronics Engineering
P.A.College of Engineering and P.A.College of Engineering and
Technology Technology

Abstract— Road accident is the major problem in urban of late first aid to the patient due to which one can die on the
areas. Currently there is no technology for accident detection. way to hospital. So to overcome their negative factors and to
Also due to the delay in intimation for the ambulance to the provide the first aid to the victim this system Intelligent
accident location, conveying the situation of the passengers to Ambulance with automatic traffic control is proposed in this
their relatives and reduces the chances of the rescue of victim. paper. This paper describes the working of accident detection
There is a need of introducing a system to reduce the loss of life and immediately. accident with the location co-ordinates,
due to accidents and the time taken by the ambulance to reach receiving such co-ordinates the ambulance unit or so called
the hospital. We will implement the system in which there is an emergency unit respond immediately alerting the emergency
automatic detection of accident through sensors provided in
ambulance unit about the accident with the location co-
the vehicle. A GPS and GSM module in the concerned vehicle
will send the location of the accident to the main server which
ordinates, receiving such co-ordinates the ambulance unit or
will rush an ambulance from a nearest hospital to the accident
so called emergency unit respond immediately and leaves for
spot and convey the occurrence of accident to the relatives. It the accident location. now while moving toward the location
can automatically find a traffic accident, search for the spot or while taking the patient to the hospital their may or may
and then send the basic information to first aid center within not occur some traffic so in order to free or release the traffic
two seconds covering geographical coordinates, the time and the intelligent ambulance controls the traffic light itself such
circumstances in which a traffic accident takes place. GPS that the traffic light converts in a manner so that it could
software is fitted in the vehicle will now start communicate receive the free way to the hospital.
with the satellite and get the latitude and longitude values and
send the information to the nearest hospital. The hospital will II. NEED OF ACCIDENT DETECTION SYSTEM
then be sending the ambulance to the accident zone. Then the
injured people will be saved as soon as possible. According to the Global status report on road safety
2015 ,the total number of deaths caused due to road accidents
Keywords— Accident , GSM, GPS ,Vibration sensor, has leveled out at 1.25 million a year. India faces the highest
Accelerometer, IR sensor, Arduino uno. number of accidents and accidental fatalities in the world. In
India, there are many kind of places like hilly area plateaus,
and due to improper road facilities accidents are more and
I. INTRODUCTION death rate due to this accidents are more. The maximum
Road accidents are the major problem in this fast number of accidents are reported in the transport sector, that
growing world. With a large population and large amount of is, on road as well as railways. Some approximations claim
vehicles there is also a big trouble of car accidents or road that Indian roads alone accounted for approximately 105,000
accidents. Currently there is no technology for accident accidental fatalities in 2010. This is almost 15 percent of the
detection. Also due to the delay in reaching of the ambulance global road fatalities when India has just 1% of the total
to the accident location and the traffic congestion in between global vehicles. The incidents of accidental deaths have
accident location and hospital increases the chances of the shown increasing trend during the year 2000-2015 with an
death of passenger and driver. There is a need of introducing increase of 50 percent in the year 2010 as compared to the
a system to reduce the loss of life due to accidents and the year 2000. According to Planning Commission of India, the
time taken by the ambulance to reach the hospital, which total annual economic loss is 2.5% of India’s GDP due to
includes the accident detecting, alerting and tracking rising number of road fatalities.
mechanism with automatic traffic light controlling system
Traffic accidents are a major public issue worldwide. The
such that the ambulance can achieve a free way in order to
provide the first aid to patient as fast as possible. huge number of injuries and death as a result of road traffic
accident uncovers the story of global crisis of road safety.
With the increase in the population and due to luxurious According to statistical projection of traffic fatalities, the
living there is an increase in the traffic on roads. Amidst all two-year comparison of total driver participation in mortal
these frenzied life, one forgets the importance of human life crashes presented a three percent increase from 43,840 in
.This is a very serious problem even in case of road accident 2011 to 45,337 in 2012.Additionally 184,000 young drivers
one even doesn’t care to call the emergency unit. On road (15 to 20 years old) were injured in vehicle crashes, in 2012,
due to high traffic people are unable to provide the free way an increase of two percent from 180,000 in 2011. The most
to the emergency unit which also becomes one of the factors obvious reason for a person's death during accidents is
unavailability of the first aid provision, which is due to the adapter or battery to get started.. You can tinker with your
delay in the information of the accident being reached to the UNO without working too much about doing something
ambulance or to the hospital. Thus, in the case of incidents wrong, worst case scenario you can replace the chip for a
involving vehicular accidents, response time is crucial for the few dollars and start over again.
timely delivery of emergency medical services to accident
victims and is expected to have an impact on fatalities.
Moreover, each minute is passed while an injured crash
victims do not receive emergency medical care can make a
large difference in their survival rate, for example, analysis
shows that decreasing accident response time by 1 minute
correlates to a six percent difference in the number of lives
saved.

III. PROPOSED METHODOLOGY

Road accidents are the major problem in this fast
growing world. To detect the accidents immediately , when it Fig 2.Arduino UNO.
was happened and intimate to the Rescue team (
Ambulance, Police station, Fire station) ,Automobile "Uno" means one in Italian and was chosen to mark the
servicing agency, Blood relatives about the status of vehicle release of Arduino Software (IDE) 1.0. The Uno board and
(severity of accident) and passengers .We will implement the version 1.0 of Arduino Software (IDE) were the reference
system in which there is an automatic detection of accident versions of Arduino, now evolved to newer releases. The
through sensors provided in the vehicle. A GPS and GSM Uno board is the first in a series of USB Arduino boards, and
module in the concerned vehicle will send the location of the the reference model for the Arduino platform; for an
accident to the main server which will rush an ambulance extensive list of current, past or outdated boards see the
from a nearest hospital to the accident spot and convey the Arduino index of boards.
occurrence of accident to the relatives. It can automatically ii) GSM :
find a traffic accident, search for the spot and then send the
basic information to first aid center within two seconds
covering geographical coordinates, the time and
circumstances in which a traffic accident takes place. GPS
software is fitted in the vehicle will now start communicate
with the satellite and get the latitude and longitude values
and send the information to the nearest hospital. The hospital
will then be sending the ambulance to the accident zone.
Then the injured people will be saved as soon as possible..

IV. AUTOMATIC ACCIDENT DETECTION & INTELLIGENT Fig 3.GSM Module

INFORMATION SYSTEM GSM is an international standard for mobile
telephones. It is an acronym that stands for Global System
for Mobile Communications. A GSM Module is basically a
GSM Modem (like SIM 900) connected to a PCB with
different types of output taken from the board – say TTL
Output (for Arduino, 8051 and other microcontrollers) and
RS232 Output to interface directly with a PC (personal
computer). The board will also have pins or provisions to
attach mic and speaker, to take out +5V or other values of
power and ground connections. These type of provisions
vary with different modules. It is also sometimes referred to
as 2G, as it is a second-generation cellular network. Among
other things, GSM supports outgoing and incoming voice
calls, Simple Message System (SMS or text messaging), and
data communication (via GPRS).
Fig 1.block diagram.
iii) GPS :
The Global Positioning System (GPS), is a satellite-based
i) Arduino UNO ( Microcontroller ) : radio navigation system owned by the United States
government and operated by the United States Air Force . It
Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on the
is a global navigation satellite system that provides geo
ATmega328P (datasheet). It has 14 digital input/output pins
location and time information to a GPS receiver anywhere on
(of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a
or near the Earth where there is an unobstructed line of sight
16 MHz quartz crystal, a USB connection, a power jack, an
to four or more GPS satellites. Obstacles such as mountains
ICSP header and a reset button. It contains everything
and buildings block the relatively weak GPS signals.
needed to support the microcontroller; simply connect it to a
computer with a USB cable or power it with a AC-to-DC
 VI ) IR SENSOR :

Fig 3.GPS Module Fig 6. IR Sensor

IV ) ACCELEROMETER Infrared Obstacle Avoidance Proximity Sensors Module

has built-in IR transmitter and IR receiver that sends out IR
energy and looks for reflected IR energy to detect presence
of any obstacle in front of the sensor module. The module
has on board potentiometer that lets user adjust detection
range. The sensor has very good and stable response even in
ambient light or in complete darkness. The sensor module
can be interfaced with Arduino, Raspberry Pi or any
microcontroller having IO voltage level of 3.3V to 5V.

IV. WORKING

Fig 4.Accelerometer

An accelerometer is an electromechanical device that

measures both static (gravity) and dynamic (motion or
vibration) accelerations. An accelerometer measures proper
acceleration, which is the acceleration it experiences relative
to freefall and is the acceleration felt by people and objects.
For example, an accelerometer at rest on the surface of the
Earth will measure an acceleration due to Earth’s gravity,
straight upwards (by definition) of g ≈ 9.81 m/s2. By
contrast, accelerometers in free fall (falling toward the center
of the Earth at a rate of about 9.81 m/s2) will measure zero.
V ) VIBRATION SENSOR :

Fig 5.Vibration Sensor

The vibration sensor SW-420 Comes with breakout board

that includes comparator LM 393 and Adjustable on board
potentiometer for sensitivity threshold selection, and signal
Fig 7. Flow Chart
indication LED. This sensor module produce logic states
depends on vibration and external force applied on it. When WORK FLOW OF THE SYSTEM :
there is no vibration this module gives logic LOW output.
Step 1: Start.
When it feels vibration then output of this module goes to
logic HIGH. The working bias of this circuit is between 3.3V Step 2: The system can be initialize on Arduino .
to 5V DC. The Vibration Sensor Module Vibration Switch Step 3: The vibration sensor constantly checks for the
SW-420 is based on the vibration sensor SW-420 and vibrations of vehicle.
Comparator LM393 to detect if there is any vibration that Step 4: The accelerometer sensor checks the axis of vehicle
beyond the threshold. The threshold can be adjusted by the constantly.
on-board potentiometer. When this no vibration, this module Step 5: The IR sensor checks the presence of human inside
output logic LOW the signal indicate LED light, and vice the vehicle.
versa. Step 6: If the permissible level of vibration or tilting of
vehicle is exceed than the threshold level , it is observed that
accident was occurred and location is captured by GSM and iv ) Less cost
transmitted to the relatives of passenger through GSM. Accident detection system can be integrated into a
Step 7: If IR sensor is enable for above step, then the SOC and produced at less cost.
information is also passed to the Hospital near to the
accident location.
Step 8 : Stop. VI. DISADVANTAGES
i) Failure in live tracking
Practical implementation of accident detection
HARDWARE PHOTOGRAPHY :
system does not provide live tracking information of vehicle
and passenger subjected to accident.

ii) Connection problems in GPS :

Accident detection system may not work fine under
the subway / Tunnel, because of failure of connection
establishment with satellites.

VII. CONCLUSION & FUTURE SCOPE

The paper provide various methods to detect accidents
using both hardware and software methods which provide
good results. Most of the discussed methods also provide the
driver with the option of turning of the alarm in cases where
the accident is not serious or false detections of an accident.
These methods are either mostly dependent on some
Fig 8. Hardware photography
hardware like sensors that have to be present in the car or
require a smart phone to be present within the car. While the
OUTPUT VERIFICATION : use of such hardware can prove to be a more cost-efficient
approach it has the drawback of being destroyed in the
accident and hence giving spurious or no readings at all.
Hence, an approach that does not depend on any hardware
device or sensor that is associated with the car is required for
the detection of traffic accidents.
Rescue team (Ambulance, Police station , automobile
servicing agency)nearby from the accident location will be
sent by linking the accident location to the Google maps. By
implementing this product in heavy vehicles , theft of
highway dacoity gangs can be avoided .

Fig 9. Output photography

REFERENCES
[1] Aboli Ravindra Wakure , “Vehicle Accident Detection and Reporting
System Using GPS and GSM” published in International Journal of
V. ADVANTAGES
Engineering Research and Development, Volume 10, Issue
i) Automatic accident detection 4(April 2014), PP.25-28.
[2] Bhandari Prachi, “Intelligent Accident-Detection And Ambulance-
This project detect the accident automatically with Rescue System”, published in International Journal Of Scientific &
high sensitivity and covey the information to the ambulance Technology Research Volume 3, Issue 6, June 2014
and relatives. . [3] Hamid M. Ali, “Car Accident Detection and Notification System
Using Smartphone” published in International Journal of Computer
ii) Quick information passing Science and Mobile Computing, Vol. 4, Issue. 4, April 2015
[4] Saurabh Kapoor, “Intelligent Ambulance with Automatic Traffic
Accident detection systems immediately detect the Control” published in International Research Journal of Engineering
occurrence of accident and conveying the information to the and Technology (IRJET) Volume: 04 Issue: 04 ,Apr -2017 .
ambulance and relatives with less delay. [5] Shreya Gupta, “Accident Detection and Reporting System Using GPS
and GSM Module” ,published in Journal of Emerging Technologies
iii) Ease of installation and Innovative Research, May 2015, Volume 2, Issue 5.
This project can be easily installed in all kind of
automotive vehicles .