EXISTENCE OF THE PROBLEM

1. The study by Gangcuangco and Eustaquio (2023) examines the rapid growth of the HIV epidemic in
the Philippines, noting that it has one of the fastest-growing rates of infections in the Western Pacific
region. The research analyzes trends in HIV incidence and evaluates government and public health
responses to combat the epidemic. Data from the HIV/AIDS and ART Registry of the Philippines reveals a
staggering 411% increase in daily incidence from 2012 to 2023. The findings indicate that many new
cases are diagnosed late, with specific groups, particularly men who have sex with men, being
disproportionately affected. This study stands out by detailing the progress made under the Philippine
HIV and AIDS Policy Act of 2018 while highlighting ongoing challenges like stigma and limited access to
care.

2. The article by Roel Amazona (2022) investigates nearly four decades of HIV/AIDS cases in Eastern
Visayas, aiming to identify trends and factors contributing to the virus's spread. Data collected from
health agencies shows that from 1984 to 2022, there were 1,399 reported cases, with a majority among
men aged 25 to 34, particularly in Leyte province. The study emphasizes the need for targeted health
interventions and increased public awareness to reduce new infections. It highlights that a significant
percentage of those infected are male, with high-risk behaviors contributing to transmission. This
regional focus allows for a more localized understanding of the epidemic's challenges compared to urban
areas.

3. The World Health Organization (2015) article outlines efforts to enhance the Philippines' response to
the growing HIV/AIDS epidemic by scaling up prevention, testing, and treatment services for high-risk
groups. The initiative employs a multi-sectoral approach involving collaboration between various
stakeholders, including the Philippine government and community organizations. Findings reveal a
concerning rise in HIV cases among young men and those engaging in same-sex activities, despite
successful expansions in testing and treatment services. Community-based testing has improved
diagnosis rates, allowing more people to receive timely antiretroviral therapy. This study is unique in its
emphasis on community-led responses rather than solely medical interventions.

4. The Philippine Council for Health Research and Development (2023) highlights the alarming rise in HIV
cases in the Philippines, describing it as occurring at a "fast and furious" rate. The article emphasizes
understanding demographics affected by HIV, particularly young people and men who have sex with
men, while calling for comprehensive responses from government and community organizations. Recent
reports indicate that there were 3,410 new cases within a few months, primarily affecting individuals
aged 15 to 24. Projections suggest that without significant intervention, new infections could
dramatically increase by 2030. This piece humanizes statistics by focusing on their impact on vulnerable
populations and calls for community engagement alongside healthcare efforts.
5. The UNAIDS report on the Philippines provides an overview of the current state of the HIV epidemic,
highlighting significant challenges like rapidly increasing new infections. It compiles data from national
health surveys and surveillance reports to inform policymakers about demographics most affected by
HIV, advocating for improved access to prevention and treatment services. Findings show that new
infections have surged dramatically, particularly among young people aged 15 to 24. The report
emphasizes a rights-based approach to combatting HIV, advocating for policies that protect individuals
from discrimination while improving healthcare access. This holistic perspective underscores the need
for community engagement alongside medical interventions.

6. The Department of Health's article discusses ongoing efforts under the National AIDS/STI Prevention
and Control Program (NASPCP) to combat HIV/AIDS spread in the Philippines while improving access to
treatment for affected individuals. It emphasizes expanding initiatives to reach vulnerable populations
and ensure comprehensive care availability. By outlining program goals, the article aims to raise
awareness about HIV/AIDS challenges and encourage community involvement in prevention efforts. The
descriptive methodology used highlights current strategies being implemented at various levels of
healthcare delivery. Overall, this initiative reflects a commitment to addressing both public health needs
and social determinants related to HIV/AIDS management.

7. HIV in the Philippines: a persisting public health crisis closely tied to social stigma (BUJPH, 2024)
This study explores the relationship between social stigma and the growing HIV epidemic in the
Philippines. It emphasizes how stigma creates barriers for individuals to access testing and treatment,
affecting their quality of life. Through a qualitative approach using personal testimonials, health
statistics, and case studies, the study illustrates how social attitudes hinder public health efforts. The
research suggests that anti-stigma campaigns and community support are crucial to improving health
outcomes and addressing the HIV crisis holistically.

NEO-VERNACULAR APPROACH TO ARCHITECTURE

8. Neo-Vernacular Approach in Architecture as a National Cultural Strategy (Indonesia case, Unika
Repository, 2019)
The study aims to promote neo-vernacular architecture as a cultural strategy in Indonesia, blending
traditional styles with modern technologies. By analyzing the impact of globalization on local
architecture, the study proposes integrating traditional design elements to preserve cultural identity
while fostering innovation and economic growth. Findings show that neo-vernacular architecture
reconnects Indonesians with their heritage and offers economic potential through tourism. The study
positions this architectural approach as a tool for cultural preservation and economic development in
the face of globalization.

9. An Overview of Neo-Vernacular Architecture (Rethinking The Future, 2024)

This study examines Neo-Vernacular Architecture as a response to modern architectural challenges,
particularly industrialization's environmental impact. By integrating traditional, climate-adaptive
practices with modern technologies, the study explores how to create culturally sensitive and
sustainable designs. The research highlights that while modern architecture increases carbon footprints,
vernacular designs minimize environmental interference. This approach balances modern functionality
with cultural preservation, presenting a hybrid solution that reduces energy use and reconnects
communities with their traditions.

ROLE OF NEO-VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE AND ITS APPLICATION/RELATIONSHIP

TO HEALTHCARE
10. Public Hospital Type C Pekan Labuhan (Muhvira & Siahaan, 2017)
This study focuses on the design of a Type C public hospital in Medan, Indonesia, incorporating neo-
vernacular architectural elements to meet healthcare and cultural needs. Through architectural design
processes and comparative studies, the hospital integrates modern healthcare with local architectural
heritage, preserving cultural identity while serving the growing population. The findings emphasize the
successful fusion of modern medical functionality with traditional design, promoting both healthcare
access and cultural preservation. This approach distinguishes the hospital as a culturally relevant,
essential service provider.

11. Evaluating Intention and Effect in Healthcare Design (Alvaro et al., 2015)
The study aims to evaluate how intentional design elements in healthcare facilities improve the well-
being of patients and staff. Using a mixed-method approach, including surveys and observational studies,
the research analyzes design aspects like natural light and flexible spaces. Findings show that well-
designed healthcare environments significantly reduce stress, enhance patient recovery, and improve
staff performance. This study highlights the interconnectedness of design, patient care, and staff well-
being, offering insights into how architecture influences overall healthcare quality.

12. Vernacular Architecture Health Center and Surgical Clinic in Mali (World Architecture Community,
2024)
This project focuses on designing a health center in Mali using vernacular architecture principles to meet
healthcare needs sustainably. By incorporating local materials and traditional techniques, the study
ensures the facility is environmentally sustainable, culturally relevant, and cost-effective. Findings show
that the health center successfully serves the community while preserving cultural identity, reducing
costs, and promoting environmental sustainability. This project stands out for its deep integration of
vernacular architecture with healthcare requirements, balancing modern healthcare delivery with
cultural and environmental considerations.

13. The Impact of Facility Design on Patient Safety (Reiling et al., 2008)
This study emphasizes the link between hospital design and patient safety, focusing on how the physical
environment influences healthcare quality. The research, based on literature reviews and case studies,
identifies best practices in hospital design that enhance patient outcomes and reduce medical errors.
Findings suggest that well-designed facilities lead to better resource use, staff performance, and patient
satisfaction. This study underscores the role of architecture in improving patient safety, advocating for
evidence-based design in healthcare settings.

14. Butaro Hospital Project (Design for Good) The objective of this project is to build a healthcare
facility in the Burera District of Rwanda that not only addresses medical needs but also engages the
community through sustainable and culturally relevant design. The project, led by MASS, utilized local
materials and labor to reduce costs and boost community involvement, creating 900 jobs in the process.
The completed hospital has improved healthcare access and professional retention, especially in non-
communicable diseases. This holistic approach merges architectural design with healthcare, positioning
Burera as a health innovation hub.

15. Vernacular Solutions in Healthcare Design (Denny, 2014)

This study investigates how vernacular architecture can offer sustainable, community-centered solutions
for healthcare facility design. Through qualitative case studies of healthcare buildings, the research
highlights how using local materials and cultural practices enhances patient well-being and lowers
construction costs. Findings show that vernacular design improves emotional comfort, fosters familiarity,
and supports environmental sustainability by incorporating natural ventilation and daylighting. Unlike
modern standardized designs, the study advocates for culturally sensitive and ecologically sustainable
spaces for better healthcare outcomes.

BY LAWS

16. HIV Law in the Philippines (WHO, 2019)

The study assesses the impact of the Philippine HIV and AIDS Policy Act of 2018, which improves access
to testing and treatment for individuals, especially minors, without parental consent. By reviewing data
on HIV incidence and treatment gaps, the study highlights the law’s success in expanding healthcare
services while emphasizing challenges in treatment coverage. Despite positive changes, only 36% of HIV
patients receive adequate treatment. This study stands out by integrating legislative reform with public
health advocacy to combat HIV stigma and promote community involvement.

17. Philippine AIDS Prevention and Control Act (RA 8504)

Republic Act No. 8504 aims to provide a comprehensive framework for HIV/AIDS prevention, raising
awareness, reducing stigma, and ensuring access to healthcare services. The law emphasizes education,
voluntary testing, and anti-discrimination measures, promoting collaboration between government and
communities. Despite its progress, challenges remain in raising awareness and early intervention,
particularly among youth. The act is distinct in its rights-based approach, addressing both healthcare and
societal attitudes, aiming to create an inclusive environment for those affected by HIV/AIDS.

RELEVANT LOCAL STUDY

18. HOPE: HIV/AIDS Awareness Center Proposal (Ilagan, 2019)

This study proposes an HIV/AIDS Awareness Health Center in Rizal, Philippines, aimed at raising
awareness and advancing research in HIV treatment. By combining educational initiatives with medical
services, the facility seeks to reduce stigma and improve healthcare access. Findings show gaps in
awareness and infrastructure, particularly in areas with rising HIV infection rates. The dual-purpose
design of the facility, serving as both a treatment hub and research center, sets this proposal apart as a
comprehensive solution for both immediate and long-term HIV management.
19. Optimizing Health Facility Location in the Philippines (Flores et al., 2021)
This study explores optimizing health facility locations to improve access to universal healthcare in
underserved areas of the Philippines. Using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and optimization
models, the study assesses population distribution and healthcare access gaps to recommend ideal
facility placements. The findings highlight significant healthcare disparities in rural regions, with the
proposed model improving coverage for vulnerable populations. This research stands out by combining
spatial analysis with public health policy, offering a geographic perspective on healthcare access.

HEALTHCARE FACILITIES/ BUILDING RELATED TO MY STUDY

20. Schistosomiasis Hospital and Research Center in Leyte

The article from PhilHealth highlights the Schistosomiasis Hospital and Research Center's evolution into a
broader healthcare provider serving Leyte’s poor, especially post-Typhoon Yolanda. Using personal
narratives and statistical data, the article illustrates the hospital’s shift from specialized treatment for
schistosomiasis to addressing various regional medical needs. The findings emphasize its role in public
health, with awards and ISO certification attesting to its service. The hospital’s resilience amid natural
disasters and its dedication to community service distinguish it as a model of healthcare in adversity.

21. Bamyan Province Hospital, Afghanistan (Aga Khan Development Network, 2023)
The article details the opening of a new hospital in Bamyan Province, Afghanistan, aimed at addressing
critical healthcare gaps. Collaborating with local authorities, the project incorporates both modern
healthcare services and local cultural elements. The findings indicate significant improvements in
maternal, surgical, and emergency care services, which were previously inaccessible. The hospital's
integration of neo-vernacular architecture—combining modern healthcare standards with traditional
Afghan design—makes it a unique example of how culturally attuned design can improve health
outcomes.

22. Maternity Waiting Village in Malawi (MASS Design Group, 2019)

The Maternity Waiting Village in Malawi was designed to reduce maternal mortality by providing a
supportive environment for expectant mothers. The facility’s layout, inspired by traditional Malawian
villages, promotes community interaction and offers essential services, improving maternal health. Post-
occupancy studies show that the design enhances mothers' safety and encourages them to stay for
necessary care. Unlike conventional health facilities, this project integrates community-building
elements, empowering women and addressing both health and socio-economic challenges.

23. Butaro District Hospital, Rwanda (MASS Design Group)

Butaro District Hospital in Rwanda aims to improve healthcare access in an underserved region. MASS
Design Group collaborated with local stakeholders to design a facility that uses sustainable materials and
natural ventilation, reducing airborne disease transmission. The findings show significant improvements
in healthcare access and patient outcomes, with innovative design elements contributing to reduced
infection rates. The hospital’s holistic design, blending environmental sustainability and healthcare
needs, serves as a model for future healthcare projects in resource-limited settings.

NEO VERNACULAR DESIGN APPLICATION

24. Neo-Vernacular Architecture: A Paradigm Shift (Rajpu & Tiwari, 2020)
This study advocates for neo-vernacular architecture, combining traditional techniques with modern
sustainability practices. Through case studies in India, the research shows how integrating local materials
and cultural elements into modern designs reduces carbon footprints while fostering community
identity. The findings suggest that neo-vernacular buildings enhance environmental sustainability and
emotional connection between occupants and their surroundings. The study stands out by promoting a
balanced architectural approach that respects cultural heritage while embracing modern efficiency and
sustainability principles.

25. Rathnayake & Gamage (2022)

This study explores how vernacular architecture elements affect patient waiting experiences in rural
hospitals in Sri Lanka. Using surveys, interviews, and observations, the researchers assessed the impact
of features like natural ventilation, local materials, and spatial organization on patient comfort. The
findings suggest that these design elements improve patient satisfaction, reduce anxiety, and foster a
sense of community. Unlike other studies that focus purely on functionality, this research highlights the
importance of culturally relevant design in creating a healing healthcare environment.

26. Hossain & Rahman (2020)

This research examines how net zero energy building (NZEB) principles can be integrated with neo-
vernacular architecture to promote sustainability. Through a literature review and case studies, the
researchers analyze how traditional construction methods can be adapted to achieve energy efficiency
using passive solar design and natural ventilation. The study shows that this integration reduces energy
consumption and enhances occupant comfort while preserving cultural identity. What sets this study
apart is its balanced approach that merges modern sustainability practices with traditional architectural
forms.

PROJECT IMPORTANCE

27. Sumido (2024)

This article highlights the alarming rise in HIV cases in Eastern Samar, emphasizing the importance of
early testing and awareness. Using data from health authorities, it shows a 207% increase in HIV cases
from 2010 to 2019, with 28 confirmed cases in the region. Rapid diagnostic testing is helping address the
epidemic, but significant challenges remain in achieving widespread treatment and viral suppression.
The article calls for greater public participation in HIV testing and emphasizes confidentiality to reduce
stigma and encourage proactive health management.

28. HIV and TB Overview: Philippines (2024)

This report from the CDC details the growing HIV epidemic in the Philippines, where daily HIV incidence
increased by 411% between 2012 and 2023. It highlights the overlap between HIV and tuberculosis (TB),
with TB being a leading cause of death among those with HIV. The CDC uses partnerships and
community-based interventions to strengthen healthcare systems, but gaps in testing and treatment
persist. Unlike traditional health reports, this overview emphasizes community involvement and
reducing stigma as key components of effective healthcare delivery.
29. Compac (2023)
This study focuses on how healthcare architecture impacts patient and staff experiences, with a
particular emphasis on functionality, comfort, safety, and sustainability. Through examples like Sheikh
Khalifa Hospital and Singapore General Hospital, the research explores architectural elements like
ventilation, natural light, and green spaces that enhance healing. The findings suggest that well-designed
hospitals reduce stress and improve health outcomes while promoting operational efficiency. This study
stands out by emphasizing that healthcare architecture should integrate technology with human-
centered design principles to foster well-being and healing environments.

30. Nepomuceno, Abad, & Salvaña (2022)

This retrospective study examines the HIV care cascade at the University of the Philippines-Philippine
General Hospital (UP-PGH) from 2015 to 2017. The researchers analyzed patient data across different
stages of care, from diagnosis to viral suppression. While initial engagement in treatment was high,
retention rates dropped, with only 45.5% of patients achieving viral suppression. The study highlights the
need for community-based approaches to improve long-term patient engagement and suggests that
patient-centered care could enhance outcomes in the Philippines’ growing HIV epidemic.

SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS OF THE CITY

31. Catbalogan City, Samar Profile (n.d.)

This profile from PhilAtlas presents a detailed overview of Catbalogan City, focusing on its demographics,
geography, and historical significance as the capital of Samar province. The data is compiled from various
sources, including census figures and local records, providing insights into the city's population, land
area, and governance structure. As of the 2020 census, Catbalogan had a population of 106,440,
reflecting its role as a regional hub for commerce and education. This profile uniquely combines statistics
with historical narratives, enriching the understanding of Catbalogan's identity and cultural heritage.

32. Cities and Municipalities Competitiveness Index (n.d.)

The CMCI profile assesses Catbalogan City's competitiveness in areas like economic dynamism and
infrastructure. Utilizing quantitative data from government reports and surveys, the profile ranks the
city's performance and identifies strengths, particularly in government efficiency and infrastructure.
Although Catbalogan ranks 75th overall, it excels in getting business permits, while economic dynamism
and resiliency remain challenges. This profile emphasizes actionable insights for local leaders,
showcasing the need for improvement while recognizing existing successes in governance and services.

33. Rappler (2023)

This article describes Catbalogan City as a 5th-class component city and the capital of Samar province,
emphasizing its demographic and economic significance. It presents essential statistics, such as a
population of 106,440, while also discussing the city's cultural festivals and historical evolution since its
establishment as a provincial capital. Catbalogan serves as a key hub for commerce and transportation
within the region. By blending statistical information with cultural narratives, the article engages readers
in appreciating Catbalogan's resilience and growth potential.

DOH FACILITY DESIGN AND OTHER STANDARDS

34. Department of Health (2021)
This document outlines guidelines for planning and designing healthcare facilities in the Philippines,
focusing on functional and operational needs. It compiles best practices from research and expert
consultations, emphasizing patient comfort and adaptability to evolving healthcare demands. Findings
indicate that well-designed facilities can improve patient outcomes and operational efficiency. This
comprehensive approach integrates various aspects of healthcare delivery, prioritizing both immediate
needs and future advancements in health facility design.

35. Department of Health (2023)

The updated planning and design guidelines aim to ensure that healthcare facilities effectively meet the
needs of patients and healthcare providers. By reviewing existing practices and regulations, the
guidelines stress the importance of accessibility, sustainability, and modern technology in facility design.
Findings show that adherence to these guidelines can enhance patient care and operational efficiency.
This document promotes collaboration among stakeholders to create a healthcare environment that
supports quality care while addressing current challenges.

36. Department of Health (2021)

This memorandum standardizes data collection for monitoring HIV, AIDS, and other STIs in the
Philippines through the One HIV, AIDS, STI Information System (OHASIS). It provides operational
guidelines for healthcare facilities, ensuring effective data management and confidentiality. Findings
reveal that a centralized system can improve the efficiency of data collection and analysis, helping track
trends in infection rates and treatment outcomes. This initiative emphasizes the importance of timely
data sharing to inform public health strategies.

37. PhilHealth Circular No. 2018-0004 (2018)

This circular outlines the accreditation process for stand-alone and satellite HIV treatment hubs, aiming
to enhance access to HIV services in the Philippines. It specifies the requirements for healthcare
institutions seeking accreditation, ensuring compliance with national standards. Findings suggest that
increasing accredited facilities can significantly improve access to outpatient care, particularly for
underserved populations. This proactive approach recognizes community-based healthcare's role in
delivering specialized HIV services, fostering inclusivity in the healthcare system.

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS

38. United Nations (n.d.)

The United Nations outlines Goal 3, which focuses on ensuring healthy lives and promoting well-being
for all ages by addressing key global health issues. The methodology involves setting specific targets and
indicators to measure progress, such as maternal mortality ratios and disease incidences. The findings
indicate that while some progress has been made, significant challenges persist, particularly regarding
health disparities among vulnerable populations. This goal promotes a holistic view of health that
recognizes the interconnectedness of physical, mental, and social well-being, aiming to build resilient
healthcare systems.

39. Access to Health Care (n.d.)

This article emphasizes the critical role of access to healthcare in achieving SDG 3, highlighting that
availability must encompass affordability and quality. The methodology outlines key components
necessary for effective healthcare access, stressing the importance of comprehensive services that are
accessible to all, linking health to poverty and inequalities. Findings show that quality healthcare fosters
trust and engagement with communities, while also emphasizing the interrelation between health and
education. The article advocates for integrated strategies that address both health and social
determinants, particularly for marginalized groups.

40. SDG 9: Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure (2023)

This document emphasizes the importance of strong infrastructure and innovation in enhancing global
health outcomes. It outlines how improvements in industry and transportation can facilitate healthcare
access, particularly in remote areas. The findings indicate that a developed industrial sector not only
drives economic growth but also provides resources for health system investments. This article
integrates health equity with economic development, advocating for policies that prioritize public health
within the broader narrative of sustainable growth.

41. United Nations (n.d.)

Goal 15 focuses on conserving life on land and restoring ecosystems, emphasizing their importance for
human life and economic sustainability. The methodology includes implementing targets to combat land
degradation and biodiversity loss, guided by frameworks like the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity
Framework. Findings reveal that land degradation and biodiversity loss have severe consequences for
both health and the environment, underscoring the urgency for action. This goal advocates for a
comprehensive strategy involving community participation in conservation efforts to support public
health and economic resilience.

42. United Nations (n.d.)

SDG 13 addresses climate action, aiming to combat climate change through transformative measures.
The methodology includes enhancing disaster risk reduction strategies and mobilizing resources for
vulnerable communities. Findings indicate that despite some progress, significant climate challenges
remain, including high annual disaster-related deaths and rising global temperatures. This goal
emphasizes the need for immediate action and global cooperation, advocating for inclusive approaches
that empower marginalized communities while addressing the interconnectedness of climate change
and development.

HIV/AIDS TREATMENT, METHODS, IMPORTANCE AND APPROACH

43. Sala & Lim (2022)

This study assesses how socio-demographic factors and healthcare access influence the quality of life
(QoL) for people living with HIV/AIDS in the Philippines. Employing a cross-sectional design with
standardized questionnaires, the research highlights the impact of social support and health status on
QoL. Findings show that stigma and discrimination hinder well-being, emphasizing the need for holistic
care strategies. This study uniquely combines medical and social lenses to underscore the multifaceted
nature of health and the importance of addressing both health and social determinants.
44. Jaušovec & Gabrovec (2023)
The study analyzes existing literature on healthcare architecture to identify design elements that
enhance healthcare delivery. Through a systematic review, the researchers highlight best practices across
various aspects of healthcare design, including accessibility and environmental quality. Findings indicate
that well-designed facilities significantly improve patient outcomes, emphasizing the importance of
natural light and efficient layouts. This research offers evidence-based recommendations, advocating for
a collaborative approach to healthcare facility design that involves stakeholders to enhance the quality of
care.

45. Pangilinan & De Guzman (2023)

This study reviews the latest advancements in HIV/AIDS treatment and prevention, highlighting
innovative strategies that improve patient outcomes. Researchers conducted a comprehensive literature
review, analyzing various treatment modalities and diagnostic technologies. The findings reveal
significant progress in treatment efficacy, particularly with long-acting injectables and the integration of
mental health support. This study stands out by addressing both medical advancements and the social
factors influencing HIV care, advocating for comprehensive strategies to combat the epidemic.

46. HIV and AIDS Epidemic Global Overview (n.d.)

This article provides an overview of the global HIV/AIDS epidemic, detailing its current status and
ongoing efforts to combat it. The methodology involves gathering data from reputable sources like
UNAIDS and PEPFAR to present trends over time. Findings show that, despite significant progress in
treatment access, disparities remain among vulnerable populations. The article emphasizes the need for
sustained global commitment to ensure inclusive strategies that address the needs of all affected
individuals.

ROI

47. UNDP (2024)

The UNDP article discusses a training program aimed at enhancing local government responses to
HIV/AIDS in the Philippines. The methodology involves interactive sessions designed to empower local
leaders with skills for implementing HIV programs. Findings indicate that localized efforts are crucial for
addressing the epidemic, with proposed projects focused on expanding services and reducing stigma.
This initiative distinguishes itself by prioritizing capacity building at the local level to create sustainable
health systems responsive to community needs.

48. AIDS Society of the Philippines (n.d.)

The AIDS Society of the Philippines (ASP) is a non-profit organization focused on preventing and
controlling HIV/AIDS. Their methodology includes managing projects supported by various international
agencies, emphasizing community engagement. Findings reveal significant progress in awareness and
access to HIV services, positioning ASP as a key player in shaping national policies. ASP's inclusive
approach, which actively involves people living with HIV in its initiatives, fosters trust and addresses
stigma effectively.

49. Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria (n.d.)

The Global Fund aims to combat HIV, TB, and malaria through resource mobilization and collaboration.
The methodology involves partnerships with various stakeholders to implement targeted interventions.
Findings highlight significant reductions in disease incidence and improved access to essential medicines.
This organization integrates health systems strengthening with disease-specific strategies, emphasizing
the need for sustained investment in global health initiatives to ensure continued progress.

50. WHO (2024)

The WHO article discusses an initiative to scale up pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) through community-
based organizations in the Philippines. The methodology involves collaboration with organizations that
engage high-risk populations to provide information and support services. Findings indicate that
community engagement is essential for increasing PrEP uptake and reducing stigma. This initiative is
distinguished by its focus on empowering local organizations to lead in promoting health solutions,
fostering ownership within communities.

51. Positive Action Foundation Philippines Incorporated (n.d.)

PAFPI is a non-profit organization aimed at empowering individuals living with HIV/AIDS. Their
methodology includes establishing drop-in centers providing essential services like HIV testing and
psychosocial support. Findings indicate that PAFPI significantly improves the lives of those it serves,
advocating for free antiretroviral therapy (ART) across the Philippines. What sets PAFPI apart is its peer-
led approach, which integrates the voices of people living with HIV into its operations, fostering trust and
community engagement.

THE IMPORTANCE OF CULTURAL INTEGRATION TO HEALTHCARE

52. Cabalfin & Cabalfin (2024)

This study explores how vernacularization in Philippine architecture can inform modern design while
respecting cultural identity. Researchers used theoretical analysis and case studies to connect traditional
practices with contemporary architectural needs. Findings suggest that integrating vernacular elements
can enhance sustainability and community engagement, leading to buildings that resonate culturally. The
study advocates for a design approach that values local traditions and addresses modern challenges like
climate change and urbanization.

53. Cultural Competence in Health Care (2019)

This article emphasizes the necessity of cultural competence in healthcare, especially for individuals with
chronic conditions. The methodology involved analyzing data on health disparities faced by racial and
ethnic minorities. Findings indicate that cultural incompetence leads to dissatisfaction among patients,
highlighting the need for training healthcare providers. This study positions cultural competence as
essential for quality healthcare delivery and advocates for systemic changes to improve patient
experiences and outcomes.

54. Grant (2015)

This research focuses on the importance of cultural sensitivity in healthcare design. The methodology
includes case studies showcasing how cultural principles can enhance patient environments. Findings
reveal that culturally informed design improves patient comfort and emotional well-being. The study
argues for integrating cultural considerations into healthcare architecture, emphasizing that this
approach is crucial for creating effective and welcoming healthcare spaces that respect diverse patient
backgrounds.