1 Intro To Health and Nursing

Topic 1:Introduction to Health and Nursing
 First foundational component of Nursing

 To provide an individualized, holistic, and quality nursing care, it is
important to understand man.
 Capacity to think or conceptualize on the abstract level.
 Family Formation
 Tendency to seek and maintain a territory
 Ability to use verbal symbols as language, a means of developing and
maintaining culture.
Atomistic Approach
Viewing man as an organism only (view cells, tissues, organs – body structures
only)
Ex. Taking blood pressure of the patient.
Holistic Approach
Viewing man as an organism with interrelated and interdependent parts
functioning to produce a behavior which is acceptable or unacceptable to
him or to the society.
Ex. Nursing interaction with the patient.
States that all living organisms are interacting unified whole that are more than the
mere sum of his parts. In this light, any disturbance affects the whole being.
Ex. When the nurse assess a patient, he or she must keep the whole person in
mind. When assessing a certain body part, it must be related to other parts.
The nurse must also consider how the patient interacts with the external
environment and how they relate with others.
Human life must be balanced and harmonized with the other forms of nature.
Disturbance may result in illness.
Involves whole person’s being and the overall quality of his or her lifestyle.
 Health Education
 Health Maintenance
 Health Promotion
 Illness Prevention
 Restorative and Rehabilitative Care
• Man as a Biological Being is composed of 2 Systems
Subordinate System
Found inside Man are Family, Loved Ones, Neighbors
Family is the supra system of Man. Members are interdependent working
toward a specific goal and purposes. It is an Open System for it interacts
and influenced by other systems in the community.
Ex. Patient with headache – nurse must find what part is affected. May offer
massage and food.
Superordinate System
Found outside Man is Society and Community.
Ex. Quarrel with someone – nurse must ask what happened and listen
Man normally responds as a unified whole rather than a set of
integrated parts (Rogers)
Man as a unified whole is composed of parts which are interrelated
and interdependent with each other (Rogers)
Ex. Toothache – pain affects the face, head, body, and person becomes
irritated.
Ex. Fire – a person runs as a whole not per part.
Man as a unified whole is different and more than the mere sum of
his parts (Rogers) – Man is superior more than his body parts
Man is an open system in constant interaction with the changing
environment (Roy)
Man is a unity who can be viewed as functioning biologically,
symbolically, and socially and who initiates and performs self – care
activities on her own behalf in maintaining life, and well – being
(Orem)
Man is like all man, Man is like some man, and Man is no other man
Man is like all man in terms of the ff:
Same anatomical structure
Man is a whole, complete, and independent being who has 14
Fundamental Needs to (Henderson):
Man is like all man, Man is like some man, and Man is no other man
Man is like some man
Man is no other man
Each one of us has different traits personalities that make us a UNIQUE
individual
Man is a Bio psychosocial and Spiritual Being who is in constant
contact with the environment (Roy)
Man as a Bio Psychosocial Being
• Is irreplaceable (one time being)
• Is alike and unlike other being
• Make life meaningful
• Has differences (never think alike)
• Will never be able to understand another man
• Has a limited nature (mortal)
• Rational Thinker
• Can make choices and be responsible with those choices
• Always have a degree of immaturity
• Can cope on stressful stimuli
• Relate with others (ex. 8 year old has a best friend in school)
Man is a Bio psychosocial and Spiritual Being who is in constant
contact with the environment (Roy)
Man as a Spiritual Being
Believes that there’s someone greater than him and his universe
Believes in 3 Great Virtues: FAITH, HOPE, and CHARITY.
Man is an individual with vital reparative processes to deal with

disease and desirous of health but passive in terms of influencing
the environment or nurse (Nightingale)
Concept of Nursing
Definitions of Nursing
“The act of utilizing the environment of the patient to assist him in his recovery”
(Nightingale, 1860/1969).
“The unique function of the nurse is to assist the individual, sick or well, in the
performance of those activities contributing to health or its recovery (or to
peaceful death) that he would perform unaided if he had the necessary strength,
will, or knowledge, and to do this in such a way as to help him gain independence
as rapidly as possible” (Henderson, 1966, p. 3)
 Nursing is caring.
 Nursing is an art.
 Nursing is a science.
 Nursing is client centered.
 Nursing is holistic.
 Nursing is adaptive.
 Nursing is concerned with health promotion, health maintenance, and health
restoration.
 Nursing is a helping profession.
“Direct, goal oriented, and adaptable to the needs of the individual, the family, and
community during health and illness” (ANA, 1973, p. 2)
“Nursing is the diagnosis and treatment of human responses to actual or potential
health problems” (ANA, 1980, p. 9)
“Nursing is the protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities,
preventions of illness and injury, alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis
and treatment of human response, and advocacy in the care of individuals,
families, communities, and populations” (ANA, 2010, p. 10)
Recipients of Nursing
Scope of Nursing
Promoting health and wellness
improving nutrition and physical fitness, preventing drug and alcohol misuse,
restricting smoking, and preventing accidents and injury in the home and
workplace
Preventing illness
immunizations prenatal and infant care, and prevention of sexually transmitted
infections
Restoring health
direct care to the ill person (medication administration), diagnostic and
assessment procedure (vital signs), consulting with other health care
professionals
Caring for the dying
helping clients live as comfortably as possible until death and helping support
persons cope with death
Roles and Functions of the Nurse

 Caregiver  Change agent
 Communicator  Leader
 Teacher  Manager
 Client advocate  Case Manager
 Counselor  Research consumer
Expanded career roles (nurse midwife, nurse educator, nurse researcher, and nurse
anesthetist
Nursing as a Profession
A profession an occupation that requires extensive education or a calling that
requires special knowledge, skill, and preparation.
Criteria of a profession
 requires prolonged, specialized training to acquire a body of knowledge
pertinent to the role to be performed
 orientation of the individual toward service, either to a community or to an
organization
 Ongoing research
 Code of ethics
 Autonomy
 Professional organization
Characteristics of a Profession:
1. Specialized knowledge and education:.
2. Professional associations:
3. Ethical codes and standards:
4. Autonomy and self-regulation.
5. Service orientation:
6. Professional identity and culture
7. Accountability:
Barriers to Professionalism:
1. Variability in Educational
2. Gender Issues
3. Historical Influences
4. External Conflicts
5. Internal Conflicts
Science and Art of Nursing Practice
History of Nursing
 Early Beliefs, Practices and Care of the sick
 Early Filipinos subscribed to superstitious belief and practices in relation to
health and sickness
 Diseases, their causes and treatment were associated with mysticism and
superstitions
 Cause of disease was caused by another person (an enemy of witch) or evil
spirits
 Persons suffering from diseases without any identified cause were believed
bewitched by “mangkukulam”
 Difficult childbirth were attributed to “nonos”
 Evil spirits could be driven away by persons with powers to expel demons
 Belief in special Gods of healing: priest-physician, word doctors,
herbolarios/herb doctors
Early Hospitals during the Spanish Regime
Religious orders exerted efforts to care for the sick by building hospitals in different
parts of the Philippines:
 Hospital Real de Manila San Juan de Dios Hospital
 San Lazaro Hospital Hospital de Aguas Santas
 Hospital de Indios
 Hospital de Aguas Santas
School Of Nursing
1. St. Paul’s Hospital School of Nursing, Intramuros Manila – 1900
2. Iloilo Mission Hospital Training School of Nursing – 1906
3. St. Luke’s Hospital School of Nursing – 1907; opened after four years as a
dispensary clinic.
4. Mary Johnston Hospital School of Nursing – 1907
5. Philippines General Hospital school of Nursing – 1910
College of Nursing
 UST College of Nursing – 1st College of Nursing in the Phils: 1877
 Dr. Julita Sotejo
 MCU College of Nursing – June 1947 (1st College who offered BSN – 4 year
program)
 UP College of Nursing – June 1948
 FEU Institute of Nursing – June 1955
 UE College of Nursing – Oct 1958
1909
3 female graduated as “qualified medical-surgical nurses”
1919
1st Nurses Law (Act#2808) was enacted regulating the practice of the nursing
profession in the Philippines Islands. It also provided the holding of exam for the
practice of nursing on the 2nd Monday of June and December of each year.
1920
1st board examination for nurses was conducted by the Board of Examiners, 93
candidates took the exam, 68 passed with the highest rating of 93.5%-Anna
Dahlgren
Theoretical exam was held at the UP Amphitheater of the College of Medicine and
Surgery. Practical exam at the PGH Library.
1921
Filipino Nurses Association was established (now PNA) as the National Organization
Of Filipino Nurses
PNA: 1st President – Rosario Delgado
Founder – Anastacia Giron-Tupas
1953
Republic Act 877, known as the “Nursing Practice Law” was approved.
Period of Nursing history:

1. Intuitive nursing is more than simply a "gut feeling,"
2. Apprentice nursing - Nursing care was performed without any formal
education
3. Period of Educated Nursing– Crimean, civil war. arousal of social
consciousness.
4. Period of Contemporary Nursing - Scientific and technological development
LEVEL OF PROFICIENCY – Benner
1. Novice
2. Advanced Beginner
3. Competent
4. Proficient
5. Expert

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Topic 1:Introduction to Health and Nursing

 First foundational component of Nursing

Man is an individual with vital reparative processes to deal with

Roles and Functions of the Nurse

Science and Art of Nursing Practice

Period of Nursing history:

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