RECENT TRENDS IN INDIAN POLITICS ASSIGNMENT

TOPIC: INDIA RELATIONS WITH US AND RUSSIA

CLASS: B.A.LLB. 6TH SEMESTER

SUBMITTED TO: DR. VED SHARMA

SUBMITTED BY: MANVENDRA SINGH RANA

ROLL NO: 1020212224

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 INDEX

1. DECLARATION 4
2. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 5
3. INTRODUCTION 6
4. Milestones since 2009 7
5. INDIA RUSSIA RELATIONS 9
6. EVOLUTION SINCE 2000 10
7. CONCLUSION 11
8. REFERENCES 12

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DECLARATION
I, hereby declare that the assignment entitled “India Relations with US and Russia” is an
outcome of my own efforts under the guidance of Dr. Ved Sharma. I further declare that the
following project has not been submitted to any other university. I followed the guidelines
provided by the university.

Manvendra Singh Rana

1020212224

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would love to put conversational expression of gratitude to Dr.Ved Sharma, Assistant
Professor at Himachal Pradesh National Law University providing me an opportunity through
this project to explore the various sections under the topic ”INDIA RELATIONS WITH US
AND RUSSIA”helping me assimilate and pick up on it. I believe this will help me
comprehend better and get an enhanced hang on some aspects of the Indian Foreign Relations.
I would like to thank all the people who helped me finding the resources for making the
project. At last I would like to thank all those who helped me compile the research in this
project work.

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INTRODUCTION
INDIA’S RELATION WITH UNITED STATES
India-US relations have evolved significantly in recent years, with the two countries engaging in
regular high-level dialogues and collaborating on a wide range of issues. The India-US Strategic
and Commercial Dialogue, established in 2015, has facilitated regular interactions between the
two governments, covering topics such as defense, trade, and energy cooperation.The two
countries have also increased their defense cooperation, with the United States providing advanced
military hardware and technology to India. The two countries have also collaborated on several
joint military exercises and training programs.In the economic sphere, India and the United States
have made significant progress in strengthening their trade and investment ties. The two countries
have engaged in regular trade dialogues, aimed at addressing issues such as market access and
intellectual property rights. The United States is also a major source of foreign direct investment
(FDI) for India, with investments in sectors such as technology, manufacturing, and
services.India's relations with the United States are strategically significant for several reasons.
The United States is a major player in the global economy and a key partner for India in the areas
of technology and innovation. The two countries have a shared interest in promoting a free and
open Indo-Pacific region, which aligns with India's "Act East" policy.The United States is also a
key partner for India in the area of defense and security. The two countries have engaged in regular
military exercises and training programs, aimed at enhancing their interoperability and
strengthening their strategic partnership. The United States has also provided advanced military
hardware and technology to India, including the C-17 Globemaster III transport aircraft and the
Apache attack helicopters.However, India's relations with the United States also face several
challenges, including differences over trade policies and the ongoing competition between the two
countries in the Indo-Pacific region. The United States has been critical of India's trade practices,
particularly in the areas of intellectual property and data localization. Additionally, the two
countries have competing interests in the Indo-Pacific region, with the United States seeking to
promote a free and open region, while India is focused on its "Act East" policy.Despite these
challenges, there are also significant opportunities for India and the United States to deepen their
partnership. The two countries have a shared interest in promoting a rules-based international order
and combating terrorism. The two countries have also engaged in regular dialogues on regional
and global issues, aimed at aligning their strategic priorities and enhancing their

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cooperation.India's relations with Russia have a long and complex history, dating back to the Cold
War era. During this period, India maintained a close strategic partnership with the Soviet Union,
which was a key player in the global political landscape. The Indo-Soviet Friendship Treaty of
1971 marked a significant milestone in their relations, with the Soviet Union supporting India
during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971.After the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, India's
relations with Russia underwent a period of uncertainty. However, the two countries soon
reaffirmed their commitment to maintaining a strong partnership, which has been elevated to the
level of a "Special and Privileged Strategic Partnership." This partnership is grounded in trust,
shared interests, and a long history of cooperation.Russia is an important partner for India in the
areas of defense, energy, and nuclear technology. The two countries have collaborated on several
defense projects, including the BrahMos cruise missile program and the development of advanced
fighter jets. Russia is also a key supplier of military hardware to India, with the S-400 Triumf
missile system being a recent example.In the energy sector, Russia is a key partner for India. The
two countries have collaborated on several energy projects, including the Kudankulam Nuclear
Power Plant and the Rooppur Nuclear Power Project in Bangladesh. Russia is also a major supplier
of oil and gas to India, with the two countries engaging in regular energy dialogues to strengthen
their cooperation in this area.India's relations with Russia also face challenges, particularly in the
context of Russia's growing ties with China and Pakistan. These relationships have raised concerns
in India about the potential for a strategic triangle that could undermine India's security and
economic interests. Additionally, India has been critical of Russia's support for Pakistan and its
role in the Kashmir conflict.However, there are also significant opportunities for India and Russia
to deepen their partnership. The two countries have a shared interest in promoting a multipolar
world order and combating terrorism. The two countries have also engaged in regular dialogues
on regional and global issues, aimed at aligning their strategic priorities and enhancing their
cooperation.The future of India's relations with the United States and Russia will depend on several
factors, including the ability of the three countries to manage their differences and align their
strategic priorities. India will need to adopt a balanced and nuanced approach that aligns with its
strategic interests and national priorities, while also working with both the United States and
Russia to address global challenges and promote a rules-based international order.Ultimately, the
success of India's relations with the United States and Russia will depend on the ability of the three

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countries to work together, manage their differences, and align their strategic priorities. By doing
so, they can create a more stable and prosperous world order that benefits all.

MILESTONES SINCE 2009

Since 2009, there have been several major milestones in India-US relations:

Strategic Dialogue Established (2009)

A "Strategic Dialogue" was established in July 2009 during the visit of US Secretary of State
Hillary Clinton to India. The objective was to strengthen bilateral cooperation across diverse
sectors like trade, defense, education, science and technology, civil nuclear energy, space,
environment, and health.

Prime Minister Modi's Visit to US (2014)

Prime Minister Narendra Modi's visit to the US in September 2014 successfully brought India-US
ties, which were faltering for a few years, back on track. The visit renewed the strategic partnership
and referred to "joint and concerted efforts" to dismantle terror groups.

BECA Agreement Signed (2020)

On October 27th 2020, India and the United States signed the Basic Exchange and Cooperation
Agreement (BECA) during the third round of 2+2 dialogue. BECA will enable the two countries
to share military information and strengthen their defense partnership.

Revamped U.S.-India Strategic Clean Energy Partnership (2021)

On 9th September 2021, India and the United States launched the revamped U.S.-India Strategic
Clean Energy Partnership (SCEP), in accordance with the U.S.-India Climate and Clean Energy
Agenda 2030 Partnership announced in April 2021.

Trade and Economic Relations

Trade and economic partnership has been a key component of the India-US relationship. The US
has emerged as India's largest trading partner in goods and services, with a total trade volume of
US$120 billion in 2021, rising five-fold in the last decade.These milestones demonstrate the
strengthening of India-US ties across various domains like defense, security, clean energy, trade

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and economy in the last decade. The relationship has evolved into a comprehensive strategic
partnership.

INDIA – RUSSIA RELATIONS

India and Russia have maintained a strong and enduring relationship since the early days of India's
independence. The relationship has evolved over the years, with both countries cooperating closely
on various issues such as politics, defense, trade, and technology. This essay will provide a
comprehensive overview of India-Russia relations, highlighting key milestones, areas of
cooperation, and challenges faced by the two nations.

Historical Background

India and Russia have a long history of cooperation dating back to the early 1950s. The Soviet
Union was one of the first countries to recognize India's independence in 1947, and the two nations
quickly established diplomatic relations. The Soviet Union played a significant role in India's
economic development, providing financial and technical assistance to help India achieve its goal
of economic self-sufficiency.

Strategic Partnership

In 2000, India and Russia signed the "Declaration on the India-Russia Strategic Partnership,"
which marked a significant milestone in their relations. The declaration emphasized the importance
of strategic cooperation between the two nations, particularly in the areas of defense, trade, and
technology.In 2010, the strategic partnership was elevated to the level of a "Special and Privileged
Strategic Partnership." This upgrade reflected the deepening of bilateral ties and the commitment
of both countries to strengthening their cooperation in various sectors.

Areas of Cooperation

India and Russia cooperate closely in several areas, including:

1. Defense: India and Russia have a long history of defense cooperation, with Russia being
one of India's primary defense partners. The two countries have collaborated on various
defense projects, including the development of advanced fighter jets and the production of
military hardware.

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 2. Trade and Economy: India and Russia have a significant trade relationship, with Russia
being one of India's largest trading partners. The two countries have agreed to increase their
trade volume to $30 billion by 2025.

3. Civil Nuclear Energy: India and Russia have collaborated on several civil nuclear energy
projects, including the construction of nuclear power plants in India.

4. Anti-Terrorism Cooperation: India and Russia have cooperated closely on anti-terrorism

issues, with Russia providing technical assistance to India in this area.

5. Space Cooperation: India and Russia have collaborated on several space-related projects,
including the development of advanced satellite technology.

Challenges

Despite the strong bilateral ties between India and Russia, there are several challenges that the two
countries face. These include:

1. Economic Competition: India and Russia face economic competition from other countries,
particularly in the areas of trade and investment.

2. Security Concerns: India and Russia face security concerns, particularly in the context of
the ongoing conflict in Ukraine and the rise of China as a global power.

3. Diplomatic Tensions: India and Russia have faced diplomatic tensions in the past,
particularly over issues such as the Kashmir conflict and the Russian support for Pakistan.

India and Russia have maintained a strong and enduring relationship since the early days of India's
independence. The relationship has evolved over the years, with both countries cooperating closely
on various issues such as politics, defense, trade, and technology. Despite the challenges faced by
the two nations, their strategic partnership remains a cornerstone of India's foreign policy, and the
two countries continue to cooperate closely on various issues.

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EVOLUTION SINCE 2000

The Strategic Partnership between India and Russia has evolved significantly since 2000. Here are
some key milestones and developments:

2000: Declaration on Strategic Partnership

The Strategic Partnership was first signed in October 2000 during the visit of Russian President
Vladimir Putin to India. This declaration marked a significant milestone in India-Russia relations,
emphasizing the importance of strategic cooperation between the two nations.

2004: Enhanced Defense Cooperation

In 2004, India and Russia signed several defense agreements, including the agreement on the
development of the BrahMos supersonic cruise missile. This marked a significant enhancement of
defense cooperation between the two nations.

2008: Civil Nuclear Cooperation

In 2008, India and Russia signed an agreement on civil nuclear cooperation, which included the
construction of nuclear power plants in India. This agreement further strengthened the strategic
partnership between the two nations.

2010: Special and Privileged Strategic Partnership

In 2010, the Strategic Partnership was elevated to the level of a "Special and Privileged Strategic
Partnership." This upgrade reflected the deepening of bilateral ties and the commitment of both
countries to strengthening their cooperation in various sectors.

2012: Enhanced Economic Cooperation

In 2012, India and Russia agreed to increase their bilateral trade to $30 billion by 2025. This
marked a significant enhancement of economic cooperation between the two nations.

2014: Enhanced Defense Cooperation

In 2014, India and Russia signed several defense agreements, including the agreement on the
development of the S-400 Triumf air defense system. This marked a significant enhancement of
defense cooperation between the two nations.

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2016: Enhanced Strategic Cooperation

In 2016, India and Russia signed several strategic agreements, including the agreement on the
development of the Indo-Russian Strategic Partnership. This marked a significant enhancement of
strategic cooperation between the two nations.

2020: Enhanced Economic Cooperation

In 2020, India and Russia agreed to increase their bilateral trade to $30 billion by 2025. This
marked a significant enhancement of economic cooperation between the two nations.

2021: Enhanced Defense Cooperation

In 2021, India and Russia signed several defense agreements, including the agreement on the
development of the S-400 Triumf air defense system. This marked a significant enhancement of
defense cooperation between the two nations.

Conclusion

The Strategic Partnership between India and Russia has evolved significantly since 2000, with
both nations enhancing their cooperation in various sectors such as defense, economy, and
technology. The partnership has been elevated to the level of a "Special and Privileged Strategic
Partnership," reflecting the deepening of bilateral ties and the commitment of both countries to
strengthening their cooperation in various sectors.

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REFERENCES

• UNITED NATIONS WEBSITE

• ORF INDIA WEBSITE
• MINISTRY OF EXTERNAL AFFAIRS, GOVERNMENT OF INDIA WEBSITE
• INDIA RUSSIA RELATIONS IN MODI ERA, ORF INDIA OCCASIONAL PAPERS
• SHIFTING SANDS OF INDIA RELATIONS

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