TOUCH LESS AND TOUCH SCREEN

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INDEX

1. INTRODUCTION TO TOUCHSCREEN-----------------------------------

2. HISTORY OF TOUCHSCREEN ---------------------------------------------

3. WORKING OF TOUCHSCREEN -------------------------------------------

4. ADVANTAGE OF TOUCHSCREEN----------------------------------------

5. DISADVANTAGE OF TOUCHSCREEN -----------------------------------

6. INTRODUCTION TOTOUCHLESS TOUCHSCREEN -----------------

7. TOUCHLESS MONITOR -----------------------------------------------------

8. TOUCHWALL-------------------------------------------------------------------

9. WORKING OF TOUCHLESS TOUCHSCREEN -------------------------

10. GBUI(gesture-based graphical user Interface) -----------------------------

11. TOUCHLESS UI ----------------------------------------------------------------

12. MINORITY REPORTTOUCHLESS TECHNOLOGY -----------------

13. CONCLUSION------------------------------------------------------------------

14. BIBLIOGRAPHY --------------------------------------------------------------

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 INTRODUCTION TO TOUCHSCREEN

A touchscreen is an important source of input device and output device normally layered on
the top of an electronic visual display of an information processing system. A user can give
input or control the information processing system through simple or multi-touch gestures by
touching the screen with a special stylus and/or one or more fingers. Some touchscreens use
ordinary or specially coated gloves to work while others use a special stylus/pen only. The user
can use the touchscreen to react to what is displayed and to control how it is displayed; for
example, zooming to increase the text size. The touchscreen enables the user to interact directly
with what is displayed, rather than using a mouse, touchpad, or any other intermediate device
(other than a stylus, which is optional for most modern touchscreens). Touchscreens are
common in devices such as game consoles, personal computers, tablet computers, electronic
voting machines, point of sale systems, and smartphones. They can also be attached to
computers or, as terminals, to networks. They also play a prominent role in the design of digita l
appliances such as personal digital assistants (PDAs) and some e-readers. The popularity of
smartphones, tablets, and many types of information appliances is driving the demand and
acceptance of common touchscreens for portable and functional electronics. Touchscreens are
found in the medical field and in heavy industry, as well as for automated teller machines
(ATMs), and kiosks such as museum displays or room automation, where keyboard and mouse
systems do not allow a suitably intuitive, rapid, or accurate interaction by the user with the
display's content. Historically, the touchscreen sensor and its accompanying controller-based
firmware have been made available by a wide array of after-market system integrators, and not
by display, chip, or motherboard manufacturers. Display manufacturers and chip manufacturers
worldwide have acknowledged the trend toward acceptance of touchscreens as a highly
desirable user interface component and have begun to integrate touchscreens into the
fundamental design of their products.

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 HISTORY OF TOUCHSCREEN

E.A. Johnson of the Royal Radar Establishment, Malvern described his work on capacitive
touchscreens in a short article published in 1965 and then more fully—with photographs and
diagrams in an article published in 1967. The applicability of touch technology for air traffic
control was described in an article published in 1968. Frank Beck and Bent Stumpe, engineers
from CERN, developed a transparent touchscreen in the early 1970s, based on Stumpe's work
at a television factory in the early 1960s. Then manufactured by CERN, it was put to use in
1973. A resistive touchscreen was developed by American inventor George Samuel Hurst, who
received US patent #3,911,215 on October 7, 1975. The first version was produced in 1982. In
1972, a group at the University of Illinois filed for a patent on an optical touchscreen that
became a standard part of the Magnavox Plato IV Student Terminal. Thousands were built for
the PLATO IV system. These touchscreens had a crossed array of 16 by 16 infrared position
sensors, each composed of an LED on one edge of the screen and a matched phototransistor on
the other edge, all mounted in front of a monochrome plasma display panel. This arrangeme nt
can sense any fingertip-sized opaque object in close proximity to the screen. A similar
touchscreen was used on the HP-150 starting in 1983; this was one of the world's earliest
commercial touchscreen computers. HP mounted their infrared transmitters and receivers
around the bezel of a 9" Sony Cathode Ray Tube (CRT). In 1984, Fujitsu released a touch pad
for the Micro 16, to deal with the complexity of kanji characters, which were stored as tiled
graphics. In 1985, Sega released the Terebi Oekaki, also known as the Sega Graphic Board, for
the SG-1000 video game console and SC-3000 home computer. It consisted of a plastic pen
and a plastic board with a transparent window where the pen presses are detected. It was used
primarily for a drawing software application. A graphic touch tablet was released for the Sega
AI Computer in 1986. Touch-sensitive Control-Display Units (CDUs) were evaluated for
commercial aircraft flight decks in the early 1980s. Initial research showed that a touch
interface would reduce pilot workload as the crew could then select waypoints, functions and
actions, rather than be "head down" typing in latitudes, longitudes, and waypoint codes on a
keyboard. An effective integration of this technology was aimed at helping flight crews
maintain a high-level of situational awareness of all major aspects of the vehicle operations
including its flight path, the functioning of various aircraft systems, and moment-to-mo me nt
human interactions. In the early 1980s, General Motors tasked its Delco Electronics divis io n
with a project aimed at replacing an automobile's non-essential functions (i.e. other than
throttle, transmission, braking and steering) from mechanical or electro-mechanical system

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with solid state alternatives wherever possible. The finished device was dubbed the ECC for
"Electronic Control Centre", a digital computer and software control system hardwired to various
peripheral sensors, servos, solenoids, antenna and a monochrome CRT touchscreen that
functioned both as display and sole method of input.[19] The ECC replaced the traditiona l
mechanical stereo, fan, heater and air conditioner controls and displays, and was capable of
providing very detailed and specific information about the vehicle's cumulative and current
operating status in real time. The ECC was standard equipment on the 1985–89 Buick Riviera and
later the 1988–89 Buick Reatta, but was unpopular with consumers partly due to the technophobia
of some traditional Buick customers, but mostly because of costly to repair technical problems
suffered by the ECC's touchscreen which being the sole access method, would render climate
control or stereo operation impossible. Multi-touch technology began in 1982, when the
University of Toronto's Input Research Group developed the first human- inp ut multi-touch
system, using a frosted-glass panel with a camera placed behind the glass. In 1985, the University
of Toronto group including Bill Buxton developed a multi-touch tablet that used capacitance rather
than bulky camera-based optical sensing systems (see History of mult i- touch). In 1986, the first
graphical point of sale software was demonstrated on the 16-bit Atari 520ST colour computer. It
featured a colour touchscreen widget-driven interface.[21] The View Touch point of sale software
was first shown by its developer, Gene Mosher, at Fall Comdex, 1986, in Las Vegas, Nevada to
visitors at the Atari Computer demonstration area and was the first commercially available POS
system with a widget-driven colour graphic touchscreen interface. In 1987, Casio launched the
Casio PB-1000 pocket computer with a touchscreen consisting of a 4x4 matrix, resulting in 16
touch areas in its small LCD graphic screen. Until 1988 touchscreens had the bad reputation of
being imprecise. Most user interface books would state that touchscreens selections were limited
to targets larger than the average finger. At the time, selections were done in such a way that a
target was selected as soon as the finger came over it, and the corresponding action was performed
immediately. Errors were common, due to parallax or calibration problems, leading to frustration.
A new strategy called "lift- o ff strategy" was introduced by researchers at the University of
Maryland Human – Computer Interaction Lab and is still used today. As users touch the screen,
feedback is provided as to what will be selected, users can adjust the position of the finger, and
the action takes place only when the finger is lifted off the screen. This allowed the selection of
small targets, down to a single pixel on a VGA screen (standard best of the time). Sears et al.
(1990) gave a review of academic research on single and multi-touch human–computer interaction
of the time, describing gestures such as rotating knobs, adjusting sliders, and swiping thescreen to
activate
a switch (or a U-shaped gesture for a toggle switch). The University of Maryland Human –
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Computer Interaction Lab team developed and studied small touchscreen keyboards (includ ing
a study that showed that users could type at 25 wpm for a touchscreen keyboard compared with
58 wpm for a standard keyboard), thereby paving the way for the touchscreen keyboards on
mobile devices. They also designed and implemented multitouch gestures such as selecting a
range of a line, connecting objects, and a "tap-click" gesture to select while maintaining
location with another finger.

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 WORKING OF TOUCHSCREEN

A resistive touchscreen panel comprises several layers, the most important of which are two thin, transparent
electrically resistive layers separated by a thin space. These layers face each other with a thin gap between.
The top screen (the screen that is touched) has a coating on the underside surface of the screen. Just beneath it
is a similar resistive layer on top of its substrate. One layer has conductive connections along its sides, the
other along top and bottom. A voltage is applied to one layer, and sensed by the other. When an object, such as
a fingertip or stylus tip, presses down onto the outer surface, the two layers touch to become connected at
that point: The panel then behaves as a pair of voltage dividers, one axis at a time. By rapidly switching between
each layer, the position of a pressure on the screen can be read. A capacitive touchscreen panel consists of an
insulator such as glass, coated with a transparent conductor such as indium tin oxide (ITO).[32] As the human
body is also an electrical conductor, touching the surface of the screen results in a distortion of the screen's
electrostatic field, measurable as a change in capacitance. Differ e nt technologies may be used to determine
the location of the touch. The location is then sent to the controller for processing. Unlike a resistive
touchscreen, one cannot use a capacitive touchscreen through most types of electrically insulating material,
such as gloves. This disadvantage especially affects usability in consumer electronics, such as touch tablet PCs
and capacitive smartphones in cold weather. It can be overcome with a special capacitive stylus, or a special-
application glove with an embroidered patch of conductive thread passing through it and contacting the user's
fingertip.

 TOUCH SENSOR

A touch screen sensor is a clear glass panel with a touch responsive surface. The sensor
generally has an electrical current or signal going through it and touching the screen
causes a voltage or signal change.

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1. ADVANTAGE OF TOUCHSCREEN

1. Direct pointing to the objects.

2. Fast.

3. Finger or pen is usable (No cable required).

4. No keyboard necessary.

5. Suited to: novices, applicatio n for information retrieval etc

2. DISADVANTAGE OF TOUCHSCREEN

1. Low precision by using finger.

2. User has to sit or stand closer to thescreen.

3. The screen may be covered more by using hand.

4. No direct activation to the selected function

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 INTRODUCTION TO TOUCHLESS TOUCHSCREEN

Touch less control of electrically operated equipment is being developed by Elliptic Labs.
This system depends on hand or finger motions, a hand wave in a certain direction. The
sensor can be placed either on the screen or near the screen. The touchscreen
enablestheuser to interact directly with what is displayed, rather than using a mouse,
touchpad, or any other intermediate device (other than a stylus, which is optional for most
modern touchscreens).Touchscreensarecommonindevicessuchas
gameconsoles,personalcomputers, tablet computers, electronic voting machines, point of sale
systems ,and smartphones. They can also be attached to computers or, as terminals,
tonetworks. They also play aprominent role in thedesign of digital appliancessuch as
personaldigitalassistants(PDAs) and some e-readers. The popularity of smartphones, tablets,
and many types of information appliances is driving the demand and acceptance of
common touchscreens for portable and functional electronics. Touchscreensarefoundin
themedicalfieldandin heavyindustry,aswellasforautomatedteller machines (ATMs), and kiosks
such as museum displays or roomautomation, wherekeyboard and mouse systems do not allow a
suitably intuitive, rapid, or accurate interaction by the user with the display's content. Historically,
the touchscreen sensor and its accompanying controller-based firmwarehave beenmadeavailable
by awide arrayof after-market systemintegrators, andnot by display, chip, or motherboard
manufacturers. Display manufacturers and chip manufacturers worldwide have acknowledged the
trendtoward acceptance of touchscreensas a highly desirable user interface component and have
begunto integrate touchscreens into the fundamental design of their products.

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 TOUCHLESS MONITOR

This monitor is made by TouchKo. Touch less touch screen your hand doesn’t have
to come in contact with the screen at all, it works by detecting your hand movements in
front of it.

Point your finger in the air towards the device and move it accordingly to control
the

navigation in the device. Designed for applications where touch may be difficult, such

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 TOUCHWALL

Touch Wall it is the first multi touch product. It refers to the touch screen hardware
setup itself and software is plex.

Touch Wall consists of three infrared lasers that scan a surface. By using a projector entire
walls can easily be turned into a multi touch user interface.

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 WORKING OF TOUCHLESS TOUCHSCREEN

The system is capable of detecting movements in 3-dimensions without ever having to put
your fingers on the screen. Sensors are mounted around the screen that is being used, by
interacting in the line-of-sight of these sensors the motion is detected and interpreted into
on-screen movements. The device is based on optical pattern
recognition using a solid state optical matrix sensor with a lens to detect
hand
motions.

This sensor is then connected to a digital image processor, which interprets the
patterns of motion and outputs the results as signals to control fixtures, appliances,
machinery, or any device controllable through electrical signals. You just point at the
screen (from as far as 5 feet away), and you can manipulate objects in 3D.

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 GBUI(gesture-based graphical user Interface)

A movement of part of the body, especially a hand or the head, to express an idea or meaning
Based graphical user interphase.

We have seen the futuristic user interfaces of movies like Minority Report and the Matrix
Revolutions where people wave their hand in 3 dimensions and the computer understands what
the user wants and shifts and sorts data with precision.

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 TOUCHLESS UI

 The basic idea described in the patent is that there would be sensors arrayed around the
perimeter of the device capable of sensing finger movements in 3-D space.
 A cleaner and better visual experience as users interact remotely
 Hygienic and comfortable no-touch user interface
 A faster and easier way to interact with screens and devices
 Effortless controls with gestures and swipes
 Custom scenarios for gesture meanings
 Compatible with a broad range of hardware devices

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 MINORITY REPORT INSPIRED TOUCHLESS

TECHNOLOGY

There are eight types of Minority Report Inspired Touchless Technology. These are as
follows:-

12.1 Tobii Rex

Tobii Rex is an eye-tracking device from Sweden which works with any computer running on
Windows 8. The device has a pair of infrared sensors built in that wil track the user’s eyes.

12.2 Elliptic Labs

Elliptic Labs allows you to operate your computer without touching it with the Windows
8 Gesture Suite.

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12.3 Airwirting
Airwriting is a technology that allows you to write text messages or compose emails by writing
in the air.

12.4 Eyesight

EyeSight is a gesture technology which allows you to navigate through your devices by just
pointing at it.

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12.3 MAUZ

Mauz is a third party device that turns your iPhone into a trackpad or mouse.

12.4 POINT GRAB

Point Grab is something similar to eyeSight, in that it enables users to navigate on their
computer just by pointing at it.

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12.5 LEAP MOTION

Leap Motion is a motion sensor device that recognizes the user’s fingers with its infrared
LEDs and cameras.

12.8 MICROSOFT KINECT

It detects and recognizes a user’s body movement and reproduces it within the video game
that is being played.

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 CONCLUSION
o Touchless Technology is still developing.
o Many Future Aspects.
o With this in few years our body can become a input device.
o The Touch less touch screen user interface can be used effectively in
computers, cell phones, webcams andlaptops.
o May be few years down the line, our body can be transformed into a
virtua l mouse, virtual keyboard ,Our body may be turned in to an
input device.

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