WIRELESS CHARGING STATION FOR ELECTRICAL VEHICLES

Project Proposal

Supervisor
Asif iltaf Sir

Assistant Professor (Electrical)

Submitted by

Muhammad Shafiq (21PWBTECHE72

7)
(21PWBTECHE73
Muhammad ilyas
0)
(21PWBTECHE74
Abdullah 1)
 Department of Bsc Electrical GCT Peshawar September
2024

1. Introduction
The development of various charging systems has been led by the increasing
popularity of electric vehicles (EVs), with wireless charging emerging as a
possible replacement for conventional wired charging. This study will
concentrate on developing a wireless charging station for electric vehicles. The
EV's receiver unit and charging pad make up the wireless charging system. The
charging pad produces a magnetic field that causes the receiver unit to
experience an electrical current, which is utilized to recharge the EV's battery.
The design of the wireless charging system involves a number of factors, such as
choosing the right components, maximizing the system's effectiveness, and
adhering to safety requirements. In this research paper, we will discuss the
different components of the wireless charging system, including the charging
pad, receiver unit, and power electronics. We will also explore the various
factors that affect the efficiency of the system, such as the distance between the
charging pad and the receiver unit, and the alignment between them.
Furthermore, we will delve into the safety considerations involved in the design
of the wireless charging system, including electromagnetic induction (EMI).

WIRELESS TRANSMISSION PRINCIPLE

The principle of wireless power transmission is based on the concept of
electromagnetic induction. Electromagnetic induction is the process of
generating an electric current in a conductor by exposing it to a changing
magnetic field. In the case of wireless power transmission, a magnetic field is
generated by the primary coil, and this field induces a current in the secondary
coil, which is used to power a load. The primary coil is connected to an AC power
source, which generates a varying current that produces a magnetic field. The
secondary coil is placed near the primary coil, and when the magnetic field
generated by the primary coil changes, it induces a current in the secondary coil.
The magnitude of the induced current depends on the number of turns in the
secondary coil and the strength of the magnetic field.
BLOCK DIAGRAM

COMPONENTS
1. Arduino nano
The Arduino is employed as the primary circuit's brain in the above design. When a
vehicle approaches a transmitter platform equipped with an IR sensor, the transmitted
light rays reflect back and are picked up by a receiver LED that is used in IR sensor. The
microcontroller then uses an IRFZN44 MOSFET to opens the circuit for transmitter coil
to generate magnetic field for secondary coil or receiver coil installed in vehicle. On
more important function of arduino nano is to generate frequency for current at
resonant frequency.
2. 7805 Voltage regulator
The 7805 voltage regulator is a linear voltage regulator, which maintains a constant
voltage of 5V at which all the electronics components like arduino, LCD display, IR
sensor, etc. Operates. Its insures regular 5V in primary circuit irrespective of voltage
fluctuation due to load variation.

3. Relay module
Relay module is used in secondary circuit for controlling the direction of the rotation of
motor which is reponsible for the movement of slider on which secondary/reciever coil
is mounted. It changes the polarity of motor by doing so the direction of rotation of
motor changes.

4. Motor
In this design, a DC motor of 30 rpm is used
for rotation of pinions gears which is constantly
in contact with rake on which slider is mounted.
5. DPDT Switch
DPDT stands for Double Pole Double Throw, which is a type of switch that has two
poles (or circuits) and each pole has two possible positions that can be switched
between. A DPDT switch is useful for a wide range of applications where the user
needs to switch between two different circuits or signal paths. Reversing polarity: A
DPDT switch can be used to reverse the polarity of a circuit. For example, in a motor
control circuit, the DPDT switch can be used to reverse the direction of motor.

6. MOSFET
Controlling the voltage and current flow between the source and drain terminals is the
fundamental idea behind MOSFET technology. The device's operation is based on the
MOS capacitor, and it functions virtually like a switch. The MOSFET's key component is
the MOSFET capacitor. The introduction of either a positive or negative gate voltage
will convert the semiconductor surface at the bottom of the oxide layer, which is
situated between the source and drain electrode from p-type to n-type. The substrate
is pushed downward with the holes that are present beneath the oxide layer when a
repulsive force for the positive gate voltage is applied. The bonded negative charges
that are connected to the depletion region.

7. IR MODULE
It is used in wireless technology like remote
controlling functions and detection of
 surrounding objects/ obstacles. IR sensors mainly consist of an Infrared(IR) LED and a
Photodiode, this pair is generally called IR pair. An IR LED is a special purpose LED, it is
can emitting infrared rays ranging from 700 nm to 1 mm wavelength. These types of
rays are invisible to our eyes. In contrast, a photodiode or IR Receiver LED detects the
infrared rays.

CONCLUSIONS
In conclusion, the development of wireless charging power stations for electric vehicles
represents an important step forward in the field of electric vehicle charging infrastructure.
Wireless charging technology offers several advantages over traditional wired charging,
including convenience, safety, and reduced wear and tear on the vehicle's charging port.
There are still several challenges that need to be addressed in the development of wireless
charging power stations, including issues related to efficiency, cost, and compatibility with
different vehicle models. Researchers and industry stakeholders must work together to
address these challenges and develop solutions that can help to bring wireless charging
technology to the mainstream. Despite these challenges, the potential benefits of wireless
charging power stations for electric vehicles are significant, and they represent a promising
area of research and development for the future of sustainable transportation. With
continued investment and innovation, it is likely that wireless charging technology will
become an increasingly important component of the electric vehicle ecosystem in the years to
come.

FUTURE WORK
Road transport could undergo a transformation thanks to dynamic electric car charging that is
high-performance, safe, and economical. It's unclear what mix of capacitive and inductive
WPT will make this transformation possible. Both systems provide excellent opportunities for
study, particularly in the fields of near-field coupler design and high-frequency power
electronics.
There is a need for research on:
 Health effects of long-term exposure to weak electric and magnetic fields,
 Mechanisms to detect living and foreign objects in the proximity of WPT systems,
 Methods to determine optimal charger power levels and spacing for cost
effectiveness,
 Techniques to embed WPT technology in roadways, and
 Approaches to analyze impacts of large-scale WPT system deployment on the electric
grid.
The basic technologies created for dynamic EV charging can also power wireless biomedical
implants, humanoid robots, and hypersonic travel. The possibilities are infinite, and the
technological challenges are fascinating.

REFERENCES
1. Supriyadi, S., Rakhman, E., Suyanto, S., Rahman, A., & Basjaruddin, N. C. (2018).
Development of a wireless power transfer circuit based on inductive coupling. TELKOMNIKA
(Telecommunication Computing Electronics and Control), 16(3), 1013-1018.
2. Banu, N. U., Arunkumar, U., Gokulakannan, A., Prasad, M. H., & Sharma, A. S. (2018).
Wireless Power Transfer in Electrical Vehicle by Using Solar Energy. Asian Journal of Electrical
Sciences, 7(1), 6-9.
3. Timpner, J., & Wolf, L. (2012, March). A back-end system for an autonomous parking and
charging system for electric vehicles. In 2012 IEEE International Electric Vehicle
Conference (pp. 1-8). IEEE.
4. Zhang, Z., & Chau, K. T. (2015). Homogeneous wireless power transfer for move-and-
charge. IEEE Transactions on power electronics, 30(11), 6213-6220.