RPH QUESTIONNAIRES:

1. Explain to me what is History?

● Based on its definition, history comes from the Greek word Historia, meaning a learning
by inquiry.
● History is objective, meaning it is based on written records and manuscripts of what had
happened in the past. It is a critical examination of the past events in our history and is
considered as true information. History is the backbone of our nation as it can shape our
country.

2. Explain to me the relevance of studying history?

● The relevance of studying history is very important as it allows us to examine the factual
evidence of past events to understand the changes that happened, and critically
examine their standings in our history wherein we can identify them if they are just
chismis or not, or if they hold credibility.
● We gain a sense of nationalism and patriotism when we study history and also in this
way, we can carry on the residue, remnants, remainders, and reminders of our history to
the next generation. We remember what we gained and what we lost, and what we
needed to let go of, and what to change.
● Also by studying history, we can change our perception of it. It is not just factual
information and events that have fixed characters and fixed plots but rather, it
conceptualizes the past to be in a constant dialogue with an ever changing present. It
responds to new questions and reveals fresh insights and perspectives into the human
condition.

3. Can history start as a chismis?

● Yes po, history can start as a chismis. It can be a single gossip that originated from a
certain place, but it can only be accepted if later on we conducted studies and
researches regarding this so called chismis. We have to verify their factuality through
gathering evidences.

4. How can you eliminate bias, especially when studying history?

● Bias only exist if one only considers one source as the truth. It cannot be erased
because it is in the human nature, but it can be limited and manages by being open to
other arguments, other studies, other researches. We must always be open to opinions
and respect them.

5. What is the method of studying history?

● The method of studying history is historiography
● In historiography you are not just studying history through academic texts or research;
rather, you are engaging yourself on past events in our history. You immerse yourself in
that time and you also learn about their culture, the people, and also the society. You are
studying them as if you are there and you look at those events through the changing
interpretations of past events wherein we are open to different interpretations.
6. What are primary and secondary sources?
● primary sources are considered to be the things that are directly associated with a
historical person or to the subject matter that you want to study
○ bahay niya
○ inupuan niya
○ ballpen niya
○ panyo
○ librong sinulat
● secondary sources on the other hand are evidences that are indirectly associated with
the subject matter that you want to study
○ articles about the person
○ studies articulated by others
○ witnesses, they may be statements or journals

7. What is Historical Thinking? And why do you need to develop it?

● Historical thinking serves as a guide to historians when they are studying a certain
subject matter. Historical thinking allows us to fully understand the events that had
happened in the past and the meanings behind it. This contains the questions that every
historian seeks to answer, the debates, the arguments that they engage in. This are the
so called 5C’s
○ CHANGE OVER TIME
○ CAUSALITY
○ CONTEXT
○ CONTINGENCY
○ COMPLEXITY

8. What is CHANGE OVER TIME? give also an example

● This is the process of understanding what aspects and events that changed over time.

9. What is CONTEXT? give also an example

● Gathering and studying historical facts, wherein it must be understood through an
appropriate context. It helps us to further understand the past events that had happened.
● Historians brings these specific scenario to the present and recreate to them in order to
help the people know our history better with the help of creativity in order to present it in
a much interesting way.
● Example po is teledramas or movies. Incorporated are the historical facts and events in
our history, but to make it more appealing and to let your viewers be hooked, you must
incorporate creativity. You can add in fictitious characters or events that will help the
audience relate to the certain historical event being portrayed.

10. What is CAUSALITY? give also an example

 ● Causality focuses on the formation of arguments and presenting of facts. Gather as
much primary sources as possible and identify your evidences. It also helps to identify
and potentially solve the gray areas of our history.
● when you present your facts or cite other evidences kahit gaano pa po ito kacruel, or
kung ito po ay masalimuot or malala, you still have to present it no matter what because
it is what had happened and you cannot change this fact.

11. What is CONTINGENCY? give also an example

● It is the hardest among the five because it answers the question “what if”. what if things
had gone differently.
● in historical thinking, when we apply it, historical events or outcomes depended on
several conditions prior to that event. meaning, there must be a reason why a certain
event in our history happened and that there must be several factors that lead to it
happening.
● very important for historians to check if there is a free will of the person they are studying
in order to classify their roles in history.
● si fred nung nasa bulacan siya

12. What is COMPLEXITY? give also an example

● history is complex because it also involves analysis of elements such as anthropological,

sociological, epistemological and causal complexity
● why this happen, what is the state of mind of this hero when he decided to do this or
that. alam mo yung iniisip ng mga tao, kuktura, polotical setup, sociological aspect
noong panahon na iyon.

13. Ano ang code of kalantiaw? give the dates and the important personas and also the places

● The code of Kalantiaw is considered to be the prehispanic penal code, believed to be

written in 1433 sa Batan, Aklan (Panay Island) by Datu Bondahara Kalantiaw. it was
discovered in 1614
● This law proves that we are not barbaric as opposed to what the Spanish said when they
occupied us saying that we should be thankful to them because they made us become
more civilized.
● The code of kalantiaw serves as our identity and a pride to our ancestors.
● The code of kalantiaw was introduced by Jose E. Marco in his book that he wrote way
back in 1913, he credited Jose Maria Pavon, a priest, as his source for the code of
kalantiaw. 4 years later, another historian, Josue Soncuya, claimed that the origin of the
code was actually from Panay Island instead of Negros wherein he asserted that it was
associated to the Binirayan Festival in Antique. This was then disputed by Jose Marco
from Antique to Aklan, he then asserted it to the Ati-atihan festival.
 ● Due to the popularity of the code, former president Ferdinand Marcos established the
Order of Kalantiaw
○ highest recognition and honor the state can give to notable citizens in the area of
law and justice, wherein 200+ have already received the distinction
● the former president issued another presidential decree 105 in 1973, it was written to
provide protection for established national shrines as sacred or hollowed places.
○ birthplace of dr. jose rizal
○ fort santiago
○ code of kalantiaw

RECITE TO ME ALL OF THE CODES IN CODE OF KALANTIAW, WHAT ARE THEIR

PUNISHMENTS, AND HOW CAN YOU RELATE THEM IN THE PRESENT!