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DESIGN CALCULATION OF BOX CULVERT
Project :
Dimension :450(Wi) mm x 450mm(Hi) x 1.2m w/o dwf -( 0.6-2.0m max backfill 20kpa non heavy traffic load non industrial road )
Calculated by : Nuur Lizah Check By : Date : Page : 1
SPECIFICATION
a) B.S. 8110: Part 1: 1985, Structural use of concrete
b) Reynold's Handbook
c) B.S. 5400: Part 2: 1978, Steel, concrete and composite bridges
d) M.S. 1293: Part 1: 1992, Specification for precast reinforced concrete box Culvert
e) Soil Mechanics by R.F. Craig, 1987
f) BD 31/01, Clause 4.5
g) B.S 5400: Part 4:1990
h) B.S 8002: (k). horinzontal earth pressure

Type : 450 W x 450 H x 1000 L mm

Dimension
Internal width, W = 450 mm
Internal height, H = 450 mm
Length, L = 1200 mm
Wall thickness, tw = 60 60 mm
Slab thickness, ts = 60 mm
Haunch radius/chamfer, r = 60 mm
Lid thickness, tl = 140 mm
Height dryweatherflow. Hdwf = 0 mm
Width dryweatherflow Wdwf = 0 mm

Material Properties
Concrete density, qc = 24 kN/m3
Soil density, qs = 19 kN/m3
Water unit weight ϒ = 9.81 kN/m3
Concrete characteristic strength, fcu= 40 N/mm2
Rebar characteristic strength, fy = 460 N/mm2
Concrete cover, c = 25 mm
Coeff. of static at rest pressure, Ko= 0.5
Maximum vc (with enhancement) = 4.74 N/mm2
Bar Assume = 10 mm
Pavement density, ps = 19 kN/m3

Partial Load f3
Dead Load, DL = 1.15 1.1
Superimposed Dead Load, SDL = 1.2 1.1
Live load = 1.5 1.1
HB 45 Live Load, HB45 = 1.3 1.1
Earth Presure, EP = 1.5 1.1
Pavement, DLP = 1.75 1.1
soil pavement
Depth of Fill, D = 2000 mm 0 mm 2000 mm - 1000
Effective width, w = 510 mm
Effective height, h = 550 mm

To determine two-hinge frame coefficient:

J = moment of inertia = bh3/12 J1 = 0.000 w
J2 = 0.000
k = J2/J1 x h/w J2
= 1.000
J1 J1 h
N = 2k + 3
= 5.00
Lid Analysis/Design
(To obtain the soil pressure at inverted slab as well)

Selfweight, s/wlid = qc x tl
= 3.36 kN/m2

Earth pressure on top, SDL = qs x D

= 38.00 kN/m2

Varies (pavement) Vp = ps x Dp
= 0.00 kN/m2
 DESIGN CALCULATION OF BOX CULVERT
Project :
Dimension :450(Wi) mm x 450mm(Hi) x 1.2m w/o dwf -( 0.6-2.0m max backfill 20kpa non heavy traffic load non industrial road )
Calculated by : Nuur Lizah Check By : Date : Page : 2

Live Load = HB45

wheel

0.32m
contact
area

0.32mm
REFER CODE BD31
2500x45 unit = 112.5 kN

1.8m
Road Level

2
D
1
Loaded Length, a = 1.8 + 2(D/2) + 2(0.16)
= 4.12 m
Loaded Length, a (m)

1m 1m 1m
Road Level

2
D
1
Loaded Width, b = 3 + 2(D/2) + 2(0.16)
= 5.32 m

Loaded Width, b
FOR 4M BACKFILL
OR LESS WITHOUT HEAVY TRAFFIC LOADING
Thus, HB45 Live Load Pressure, HB45
= (112.5 x 8)/(a x b) (NON INDUSTRIAL ROAD)
= 41.06139 kN/m2 direct conctact indirect = 20 kN/m2

Design ultimate Pedestrian load = 10 kN/m2

Effective width, w

Design Ultimate Loading, w = 1.15 f3 s/wlid + 1.3 f3 HB45 + 1.2 f3 SDL+ 1.75 f3 Vp 20kpa
= 83.01 kN/m2

Maximum Moment, Mmax = ww2/8

= 2.70 kNm/m length

Area of Steel Required, Ast req = Mmax / 0.87 x fy x z

= 64.53 mm2
Provide
Area of Steel Provided, Ast prov = 141.37 mm2 ==> 5 T 6 0 T 0
141 mm2 0
Effective depth, d = tl - c - f/2
= 110.00 mm

z = d [0.5 + (0.25 - K/0.9)^(1/2)]

= 0.99 d mm < 0.95d take 0.95d

k = Mmax / b x d² x fcu
= 0.01 <0.156 K < K", NO COMPRESSION STEEL!

Moment provided at section, Mu : (whichever is lesser)

Mu1 = 0.15fcubd2 = 72.6 kNm/m length

Mu2 = 0.87fyAstz = 6.18 kNm/m length

Thus, Moment provided at section, =Mu 6.18 kNm/m length Mu > Mmax, OK!
 DESIGN CALCULATION OF BOX CULVERT
Project :
Dimension :450(Wi) mm x 450mm(Hi) x 1.2m w/o dwf -( 0.6-2.0m max backfill 20kpa non heavy traffic load non industrial road )
Calculated by : Nuur Lizah Check By : Date : Page : 3

For distribution bar (minimum steel 0.15% to be provided)

Asmin = 0.15% BH
= 210 mm² provide T5-200C/C +T9 100 mm² + T9

Inverted Slab Analysis

Road surcharge uniform = hb load x Ka = 10.00 kN/m2

backfill wall = ka x qs x Dw = 19.00 kN/m2
total udl = 29.00 kN/m2
D
Earth Pressure, EP = qs x Depth x Ka

tl EP1 EP1 = (qs x (D+tl) x Ka x ep x f3)+sca

= 33.54 kN/m2

EP2 = qs x (h+D+tl) x Ka
h = 42.17 kN/m2

Slab self weight, s/w = (qc x tw x H x 1m) x 2

= 1.30 kN
EP2
Area of inverted slab,=A (W + tw) x 1m
= 0.57 m2
Design ultimate load, w kN/m2

Pressure due to wall, s/wwall = s/w / A

= 2.27 kN/m2

Design pressure on inverted slab, w= 1.15*1.1*(s/wlid + s/wwall) + 1.2*1.1*SDL + 1.3*1.1*HB+ 1.75*1.1*Vp

= 85.89 kN/m2

Load Case 1: Vertical Pressure

w kN/m2 MB1 = MC1 = -(ww2/4N) = -1.117 kNm/m length

B C
Mmax1 = MB1+ ww2/8 = 1.6754 kNm/m length
h Mma h
VA = VD = ww/2 = 21.901 kN/m length
Mf Mf
HA = HD = -(MB/h) = 2.0308 kN/m length
y

Mf1 = Mf2 = (y/h)MB = -0.5585 kNm/m length

A HA -HD D
Mh1 = Mh2 = (y/h)MB = -0.9951 kNm/m length
VA V

Load Case 2: Uniform Harizontal Soil Pressure

MB2 = MC2 = -(EP1h2k/4N) = -0.4386 kNm/m length

B C
Mmax2 = MB2 = -0.4386 kNm/m length
h Mma h
EP1 kN/m2

y' VA = VD = 0 kN/m length

Mf1 Mf2
HA = HD = -[(EP1h/2)+(MB/h)] = -7.1775 kN/m length
y
Hh1 = Hh2 = [(EP1y/2)-(MB/y)] = 8.7725 kN/m length
Mf1 = Mf2 = (EP1yy'/2)+(MBy/h) = 0.8773 kNm/m length
HA -HD
A D
Mh1 = Mh2 = (EP1yy'/2)+(MBy/h) = 0.0355 kNm/m length
VA V
 DESIGN CALCULATION OF BOX CULVERT
Project :
Dimension :450(Wi) mm x 450mm(Hi) x 1.2m w/o dwf -( 0.6-2.0m max backfill 20kpa non heavy traffic load non industrial road )
Calculated by : Nuur Lizah Check By : Date : Page : 4

Load Case 3: Varying Harizontal Soil Pressure

B C R = 8wh2/60 = 0.34772375 kNm/m length => w=EP2-EP1

(EP2-EP1) kN/m2

h1 M h2
Qr = wh2/6 = 0.434654688 kNm/m length
y' Ql = wh2/3 = 0.869309375
Mf1 MB3 = MC3 = -(Rk/N) = -0.0695 kNm/m length
Mf2
y
Mmax3 = MB3 = -0.0695 kNm/m length
y'
HA -HD VA = VD = 8 kN/m length
A D
VA HA VD = HD = -[(Q+MB)/h] = -0.6638 kN/m length
Hh1 = Hh2 = (Q-MB)/y = 1.707 kN/m length
To determine the moment at vertical leg:

wD = (y/h) - (y/h)3 Mf1 = Mf2 = My' + MB3 /2 = 0.1282 kNm/m length

My' = wh2/6 x wD
Mh1 = Mh2 = My' + MB3 /2 = 0.0451 kNm/m length

Load Combination

Combination 1 = Load Case 1 + 1.5 x (Load Case 2 + Load Case 3)

MB = -1.87921 kNm/m length At Base Slab/Wall Junction

Mmax = 0.913178 kNm/m length At Base Slab
Mf = 0.949732 kNm/m length At Wall
Mh = -0.87416 kNm/m length At Base Slab/Wall Junction
VA = 33.90109 kN/m = VD
HA = -9.73118 kN/m = HD
Hh1 = 17.75009 kN/m = Hh2

Combination 2 = Load Case 1 + 1.0 x (Load Case 2 + Load Case 3)

MB = -1.62513 kNm/m length At Base Slab/Wall Junction

Mmax = 1.167263 kNm/m length At Base Slab
Mf = 0.446995 kNm/m length At Wall
Mh = -0.91447 kNm/m length At Base Slab/Wall Junction
VA = 29.90109 kN/m = VD
HA = -5.81051 kN/m = HD
Hh1 = 12.51034 kN/m = Hh2

Design on Inverted Slab

1.) At Base Slab

Mmax = 1.167263 kN/m length

Area of Steel Required, Ast req = Mmax / 0.87 x fy x z

= 101 mm2
provide
Area of Steel Provided, Ast prov = 141 mm2 ==> 5 T 6
141 mm2
Effective depth, d = tl - c - f/2
= 30 mm

z = d [0.5 + (0.25 - K/0.9)^(1/2)]

= 0.962573 d mm < 0.95d take 0.95

k = Mmax / b x d² x fcu
= 0.032424 <0.156 K < K", NO COMPRESSION STEEL!
 DESIGN CALCULATION OF BOX CULVERT
Project :
Dimension :450(Wi) mm x 450mm(Hi) x 1.2m w/o dwf -( 0.6-2.0m max backfill 20kpa non heavy traffic load non industrial road )
Calculated by : Nuur Lizah Check By : Date : Page : 5

Moment provided at section, Mu : (whichever is lesser)

Mu1 = 0.15fcubd2 = 5.4 kNm/m length

Mu2 = 0.87fyAstz = 1.633782326 kNm/m length

Thus, Moment provided at section, =Mu 1.633782 kNm/m length Mu > Mmax, OK!

For distribution bar (minimum steel 0.15% to be provided)

Asmin = 0.15% BH
= 90 mm² provide T5-200C/C +T9 100 mm²

2.) At Base Slab/Wall Junction

MB = 1.87921 kN/m length or Mh = 0.9145 kN/m length

Area of Steel Required, Ast req = Mmax / 0.87 x fy x z

= 167 mm2
provide
Area of Steel Provided, Ast prov = 332 mm2 5 T 6 3 T 9
141 mm2 + 191 mm2
Effective depth, d = tl - c - f/2 0 T 10
= 30 mm 0 mm2

z = d [0.5 + (0.25 - K/0.9)^(1/2)]

= 0.938178 d mm < 0.95d

k = Mmax / b x d² x fcu
= 0.0522 <0.156 K < K", NO COMPRESSION STEEL!

Moment provided at section, Mu : (whichever is lesser)

Mu1 = 0.15fcubd2 = 5.4 kNm/m length

Mu2 = 0.87fyAstz = 3.742085368 kNm/m length

Thus, Moment provided at section, =Mu 3.742085 kNm/m length Mu > Mmax, OK!

For distribution bar (minimum steel 0.15% to be provided)

Asmin = 0.15% BH
= 90 mm² provide T5-200C/C +T9 100 mm²

3.) At Wall

Mf = 0.949732 kN/m length

Area of Steel Required, Ast req = Mmax / 0.87 x fy x z

= 81.57036 mm2
==> provide
Area of Steel Provided, Ast prov = 141 mm2 5 T 6
141 mm2
Effective depth, d = tl - c - f/2
= 30 mm

z = d [0.5 + (0.25 - K/0.9)^(1/2)]

= 0.969774 d mm < 0.95d

k = Mmax / b x d² x fcu
= 0.026381 <0.156 K < K", NO COMPRESSION STEEL!

Moment provided at section, Mu : (whichever is lesser)

Mu1 = 0.15fcubd2 kNm = 5.4

For distribution bar (minimum steel 0.15% )
Mu2 = 0.87fyAstz kNm = 1.646004832 Asmin = 0.15% BH
= 90 provide T5-200C/C +T9

Thus, Moment provided at section, =Mu 1.646005 kNm/m length Mu > Mmax, OK! 100 mm²
 DESIGN CALCULATION OF BOX CULVERT
Project :
Dimension :450(Wi) mm x 450mm(Hi) x 1.2m w/o dwf -( 0.6-2.0m max backfill 20kpa non heavy traffic load non industrial road )
Calculated by : Nuur Lizah Check By : Date : Page : 6

SHEAR CHECK

Shear Check At Lid

Distance av from face of wall (mm) 0.00 150.00 175.00 200.00 250.00 300.00
Corresponding depth (mm) 170.00 110.00 110.00 110.00 110.00 110.00
Vu (kN) 15.36 9.70 9.72 9.75 9.80 9.85
Ast given (mm2) 141.37 141.37 141.37 141.37 141.37 141.37
Basic vc (N/mm2) 0.32 0.37 0.37 0.37 0.37 0.37
2d/av - 1.47 1.26 1.10 1.00 1.00
xs = (500/d)1/4 - 1.31 1.46 1.46 1.46 1.46 1.46
(2d/av) x xs x vc (N/mm2) 0.80 0.68 0.60 0.54 0.54
vu (N/mm2) 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09
OK ! OK ! OK ! OK ! OK !

Shear Check At Base Slab

Distance av from face of wall (mm) 0.00 150.00 175.00 200.00 250.00 300.00
Corresponding depth (mm) 90.00 30.00 30.00 30.00 30.00 30.00
Vu (kN) 33.90 18.44 16.29 14.15 9.85 5.56
Ast given (mm2) 141.37 141.37 141.37 141.37 141.37 141.37
Basic vc (N/mm2) 0.40 0.57 0.57 0.57 0.57 0.57
2d/av - 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
xs = (500/d)1/4 - 1.54 2.02 2.02 2.02 2.02 2.02
(2d/av) x xs x vc (N/mm2) 1.16 1.16 1.16 1.16 1.16
vu (N/mm2) 0.38 0.61 0.54 0.47 0.33 0.19
OK ! OK ! OK ! OK ! OK !

Shear Check At Wall

Distance av from face of wall (mm) 0.00 150.00 175.00 200.00 250.00 300.00
Corresponding depth (mm) 90.00 30.00 30.00 30.00 30.00 30.00
Vu (kN) 17.75 12.63 11.78 10.92 9.22 7.51
Ast given (mm2) 332.22 332.22 332.22 332.22 332.22 332.22
Basic vc (N/mm2) 0.53 0.76 0.76 0.76 0.76 0.76
2d/av - 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
xs = (500/d)1/4 - 1.54 2.02 2.02 2.02 2.02 2.02
(2d/av) x xs x vc (N/mm2) 1.54 1.54 1.54 1.54 1.54
vu (N/mm2) 0.20 0.42 0.39 0.36 0.31 0.25
OK ! OK ! OK ! OK ! OK !