Q.1 Explain Dalvik Virtual Machine and state it’s importance.

Dalvik Virtual Machine is used to execute the applications that written for Android. Dalvik was an integral
part of the Android software. Dalvik is a Open Source Software this is originally written by the Dan Bornstein
and Delvik name is given of a town in Iceland . Dalvik like as Java Virtual Machine.

Dalvik Virtual Machine is a Register-Based virtual machine. It was designed and written by Dan Bornstein
with contributions of other Google engineers as part of the Android mobile phone platform. The Dalvik
virtual machine was named after Bornstein after the fishing village “Dalvík” in Eyjafjörður, Iceland, where
some of his ancestors used to live.

Q2. Describe directory structure and its components.

All graphics, strings, layouts, and other resource files are stored in the resource file hierarchy under the res
directory. res/layout - XML layout files that describe the views and layouts for each activity and for partial
views such as list items. res/values - XML files which store various attribute values.

Q3. Define emulator.

An Android emulator is an Android Virtual Device (AVD) that represents a specific Android device. You can
use an Android emulator as a target platform to run and test your Android applications on your PC. Using
Android emulators is optional.
 Q4. Differentiate between JVM and DVM. (Any four points)

Q5. Explain components of android directory structure.

 Manifests Folder

Manifests folder contains AndroidManifest.xml for creating our android application. This file contains
information about our application such as the Android version, metadata, states package for Kotlin file, and
other application components. It acts as an intermediator between android OS and our application.

 Java folder

The Java folder contains all the java and Kotlin source code (.java) files that we create during the app
development, including other Test files. If we create any new project using Kotlin, by default the class file
MainActivity.kt file will create automatically under the package name.

 Resource (res) folder

The resource folder is the most important folder because it contains all the non-code sources like images,
XML layouts, and UI strings for our android application.

 res/drawable folder

It contains the different types of images used for the development of the application. We need to add all the
images in a drawable folder for the application development.

 res/layout folder

The layout folder contains all XML layout files which we used to define the user interface of our application.
It contains the activity_main.xml file.

 res/mipmap folder

This folder contains launcher.xml files to define icons that are used to show on the home screen. It contains
different density types of icons depending upon the size of the device such as hdpi, mdpi, xhdpi.
 res/values folder

Values folder contains a number of XML files like strings, dimensions, colors, and style definitions. One of the
most important files is the strings.xml file which contains the resources.

 Gradle Scripts folder

Gradle means automated build system and it contains a number of files that are used to define a build
configuration that can be applied to all modules in our application. In build.gradle (Project) there are
buildscripts and in build.gradle (Module) plugins and implementations are used to build configurations that
can be applied to all our application modules

Q6. Define Android Virtual Devices (AVD).

An Android Virtual Device (AVD) is a configuration that defines the characteristics of an Android phone,
tablet, Wear OS, Android TV, or Automotive OS device that you want to simulate in the Android Emulator.
The Device Manager is a tool you can launch from Android Studio that helps you create and manage AVDs.

Q7. State how the APK files are built?

To make an APK file, a program for Android is first compiled using a tool such as Android Studio or Visual
Studio and then all of its parts are packaged into one container file. An APK file contains all of a program's
code (such as . dex files), resources, assets, certificates, and manifest file.

Q8. Explain features of Android SDK.

Required libraries

Debugger

An emulator

Relevant documentation for the Android application program interfaces (APIs)

Sample source code

Tutorials for the Android OS

Q9. Explain the fundamentals of UI design in detail

A UI designer focuses on designing the user interface, which includes the layout, visuals, and interactive
elements of an application or website. While most interfaces are graphical, UI designers may also work with:
Voice-controlled interfaces (VUIs): Users interact with these through their voices.

User Interface (UI) Design shapes the user’s digital experience. From websites to mobile apps, UI design
encompasses the visual and interactive elements that users engage with. A well-crafted UI not only enhances
usability but also communicates the brand’s identity and values. In this article, we delve into the
fundamentals of UI design, its importance, and the impact it has on user engagement and satisfaction. UI
primarily carries out two tasks:

 Accepting user input.