FUNCTIONS a.

replace each letter in the expression with the

A function is defined as a relation between a set of inputs assigned value,
having one output each. In simple words, a function is a b. perform the operations in the expression using the
relationship between inputs where each input is related to correct order of operations, and
exactly one output. Every function has a domain and range. A
c. simplify the resulting numerical expression.
function is generally denoted by f(x) where x is the input. The
general representation of a function is y = f(x).

Evaluate the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 5 for each

Example:

replacement value of 𝑥.
Functions can be represented in five (5) ways:
1. Functions and relations as a set of ordered pairs
2. Functions and relations as a table of values a. -3 b. 0 c. 2 d. 5

Example: If 𝑥 = −4, evaluate the following functions:

3. Functions and relations as a mapping diagram
4. Functions as a graph in the Cartesian plane
NOTE: a. f (x)=2 x−3
Vertical line test b. g(x )=2 x+1
A graph represents a function if and only if each c. h( x)=√ 25−x 2
vertical line intersects the graph at most once d. k (x )=2 x 2−5 x +1
5. Functions and relations as an equation
OPERATIONS ON FUNCTIONS

Let 𝑓 and 𝑔 be any two functions, the sum (𝑓 + 𝑔),

Functions as Representations of Real-Life Situations: Sum, Difference, Product and Quotient of Functions
Definition.

difference(𝑓 − 𝑔), product(𝑓 ∙ 𝑔), and quotient(

1. A linear function is a function of the form f
ƒ(x )=ax +b , wherea ≠ 0. ), are
g
2. A quadratic function is a function of the form functions whose domains are set of real numbers common
ƒ(x )=ax 2+bx +c , where a≠ 0. to D f and D g ( D f ∩ D g) and defined as follows:
3. A polynomial function of degree n is a function of the
1. Sum: (f + g)(x)=f (x )+ g ( x)
form
2. Difference: (f −g)(x)=f ( x)−g( x)
. f (x)=anx n+ an−1 x n−1+⋯+a 1 x 1+a 0 wheren ≠ 0
3. Product: (f ∙ g)(x)=f (x )∙ g(x )
DEFINITION f f (x)
4. Quotient:( )(x)= , where g (x)≠ 0
A piecewise function or a compound function is a g g(x )
function built from pieces of different functions over different
intervals. It is a function composed of multiple subfunctions Example:
where each subfunction applies to a certain interval of the
main function domain. We can represent a piecewise
Let f ( x ) =2 x 3 – 5 x 2−x+ 6∧¿
2
function as follows: g(x )=2 x −13 x +15.
Find:

{ }
function 1 if x is∈the domain 1 a .(f + g)(x)
F (x)= function 2 if x is∈the domain 2 b .(f −g)(x )
function 3 if x is∈the domain 3 c .(f ∙ g)(x)
f
d .( )(x )
Example: g
A slice of cassava cake costs ₱30. However, if you buy
more than 10 slices of cassava cake, it will be ₱25 per slice. Example:
Use a piecewise function to represent the cost in terms of Let f ( x ) =2 x 3−5 x 2−x+ 6∧¿
the slices of cassava cake bought.
g(x )=2 x 2−13 x +15.
Find:
Solution: If you bought at most 10 slices of cassava cake,
you will pay ₱30 per slice. But if you will buy more than 10, a .(f + g)(2)
you will pay ₱25 per slice of cassava cake, Therefore b .(f −g)(−3)

{3025x x,if, if0<x>x ≤1010}

c .(f ∙ g)(2)
f (x)= f
d .( )(7)
g
EVALUATING FUNCTIONS

The composition of the function 𝒇 with 𝒈 is denoted by (𝑓

Evaluating function is the process of determining the value of COMPOSITION OF FUNCTIONS

o 𝑔) and is defined by the equation:

the function at the number assigned to a given variable. Just
like in evaluating algebraic expressions, to evaluate function
you just need to:
(𝑓o 𝑔)(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑔(𝑥))
The domain of the composition function 𝑓o 𝑔 is the set of
c .(f ∙ g)(x)
f
all x such that d .( )(x )
g
1. x is in the domain of g and e .(f o g)(x )
2. g(x) is in the domain of f

Example: 1. f (x )=x +1 ; g (x)=2 x−3

2 2. f ( x)=3 x−1 ; g(x )=4−2 x
Find a. (𝑓o 𝑔)(𝑥) b. (𝑔 o 𝑓)(𝑥)
Given f ( x)=4 x−5∧g( x )=x + 4
3. f (x )=x 2+ 1; g( x)=x – 3

PROBLEM INVOLVING FUNCTIONS

In solving problems involving functions, George Polya PERFORMANCE TASK:
identifies four basic principles of problem solving. Direction:
1. Understand the problem: Students are often Solve what is asked in each item. Write your solution in a
stymied in their efforts to solve problems simply separate paper.
because they don’t understand it fully or even in 1. SHOE SIZE: The following function definitions
part. In order to show an understanding of the describe the relationship between the shoe sizes in

• 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 + 12 where 𝑥 is a shoe size in the

problem, you, of course, need to read the problem the Philippines, Korea, and the US

Philippines and 𝑓(𝑥) is a shoe size in Korea.

carefully. Once the problem is read, you need to list
all the components and data that are involved. This
• g(x )= x−3 where 𝑥 is a shoe size in Korea
is where you will be assigning your variable. 1
2. Devise a plan (translate): There are many ways to
and 𝑔(𝑥) is a shoe size in US
3
solve problems. The skill at choosing an
appropriate strategy is best learned by solving
a. If you buy a shoe size of 9 in the Philippines,
many problems. Setting up an equation, drawing a
what will be the corresponding shoe size in Korea?
diagram, and making a chart are some ways you
b. If you buy a shoe size of 39 in the Korea, what
can go about solving your problem.
will be the corresponding shoe size in US?
3. Carry out the plan (solve): This is where you
c. What would be the equation of the shoe size from
solve the equation you came up with in your ‘devise
the Philippine to the shoe size of US?
a plan’ step.
d. If you buy a shoe size of 5 in the Philippines,
4. Look back (check and interpret): Check if you
what will be the corresponding shoe size in the US?
used all your information and that the answer
e. If you buy a shoe size of 11 in the US, what will
makes sense
be the corresponding shoe size in the Philippines?
GUIDELINES IN MAKING MODELS OF FUNCTIONS:
2. BONUS: Ryan earns a bonus of ₱50.00 for each
1. Read the problem carefully. Be sure to understand
sale that he makes if the number of sales, s, in a
the problem very well. Write down the given
information in the problem in the context that you month is 20 or less. He earns an extra ₱40.00 for
understand. each additional sale if he makes more than 20 sales
2. Determine the independent and dependent in a month.
variables respectively a. Write a piecewise function B(s) that models
3. Write the equation for the relation. Ryan’s bonus for making “s” sales.
4. Solve the problem, using the equation b. In August, Ryan made 18 sales. Find his bonus
5. Check the answer, based on the given information. for August.
6. Make a conclusion. c. In September, Ryan made 25 sales. Find his
bonus for September
Example:
Nicole and Michael drive away from their house. Nicole went
North and Michael went East. Nicole’s speed is 40 kph and
Michael’s speed is 75 kph. Express the distance between
the cars as a function of time Prepared by:

CARLO P. ORIBELLO
ACTIVITIES:
Direction: Subject Teacher
Perform the following operations of each given functions. General Mathematics
Write your solution in a separate paper.
a .(f + g)(x)
b .(f −g)(x )