2022 SM Exam Booklet 1 - Solutions-1

THE
HEFFERNAN SPECIALIST MATHS 3 & 4

GROUP TRIAL EXAMINATION 1
P.O. Box 1180 SOLUTIONS
Surrey Hills North VIC 3127
Phone 03 9836 5021
2018
Fax 03 9836 5025
[email protected]
www.theheffernangroup.com.au
Question 1 (2 marks)
 
6 6
1
 cos  2 (cos (6 x)  1) dx
2
(3 x) dx 
0 0

1 1 6
  sin (6 x)  x  (1 mark)
2 6 0
1  1  
  sin ()    (0  0) 
2  6 6 


12
(1 mark)
5 y  2 x2 y  x  7
dy dy
5  2x2  4 xy  1  0
dx dx
(1 mark)
Method 1 Method 2
dy dy dy
(5  2 x 2 )  4 xy  1 At (1, 2) we have 5  2 8 1 0
dx dx dx
dy 4 xy  1 dy 7
 
dx 5  2 x 2 dx 3
dy 4  1  2  1 (1 mark)
At (1, 2), 
dx 5  2  12 7
7 y2 ( x  1)
 3
3 (1 mark) 7 1
y x (1 mark)
7 3 3
y  2  ( x  1)
3
7 1
y x
3 3
(1 mark)
_____________________________________________________________________
© THE HEFFERNAN GROUP 2018 Specialist Maths 3 & 4 Trial Exam 1 solutions
2
Let X be the random variable representing the weight, in grams, of eggs produced at this farm.
X ~ Normal ( X  68,  X  4)
 4 
so X ~ Normal   X  68,  X  
 16 
i.e. X ~ Normal (  X  68,  X  1) (1 mark)

x  X
Now z
X
65  68
so z
1
 3 (1 mark)
So Pr ( X  65)  Pr ( Z  3)
 0.0015
(1 mark)
0.15% 99.7% 0.15%
Z -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
Since z  2  i is a solution then z  2  i is also a solution (conjugate root theorem applies

because the coefficients of the terms in the equation are real).
So ( z  2  i )( z  2  i )
 ( z  2)2  i 2 (difference of perfect squares)
 z2  4z  5 (the quadratic factor)
(1 mark)
2 3 2 2
Let ( z  4 z  5)( z  b)  z  7 z  (a  1) z  (4a  1) where b is a real constant.
Comparing the coefficients of the z-squared terms, we have
 4 z 2  bz 2  7 z 2
b3
(1 mark)
Comparing the coefficients of the constant terms, we have
4a  1  15
a4
(1 mark)
_____________________________________________________________________
3
a. c~  1  4  4
3
1
ĉ~ = ( ~i  2 j +2k~ )
3 ~
(1 mark)
b. vector resolute of a~ perpendicular to c~ is given by

a~  ( a~  c~ˆ ) c~ˆ (1 mark)
 1 
= a~   ( ~i +2 j +2 k~ )  ( ~i  2 j +2 k~ )  c~ˆ
 ~ 3 ~ 
1 1
= ~i +2 j +2 k~  ×1× ( ~i  2 j +2 k~ )
~ 3 3 ~
1
= ~i +2 j +2 k~  ( ~i  2 j+2 k~ )
~ 9 ~
1
= (8 ~i +20 j +16 k~ )
9 ~
4
= ( 2i +5 j +4k~ )
9 ~ ~
(1 mark)
c. If a~ , b~ and c~ are linearly dependent then α a~  β c~  b~ where α, β  R .

We require (i~ +2 j+2k)
~
  (i~  2 j +2 k)
~
 2 ~i +3 j d k~
~ ~ ~
Equating the ~i components:

 2  (1)
Equating the j components:
~
2  2  3  (2)
Equating the k~ components:
2  2  d  (3) (1 mark)
(1)  2 2  2  4
Comparing to (3) gives d  4
(1 mark)
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4
1 dy 4  y2
 
x dx 4  x2
4  y2

4  x2
1 x
So  4 y 2
dy   4  x2
dx (separation of variables) (1 mark)
1
 y   1 du du
arccos    c1  u 2 
2 2 dx
dx where u  4  x 2 and
dx
 2 x
1
 y 1 
arccos    c1   u 2 du
2 2 
1
 y 1
arccos    c1   u 2  2  c2
2 2
(1 mark)
 y
arccos     4  x 2  c where c  c2  c1
2
Since y (2)  3,
 3
arccos   0 c
 2 
 

c (1 mark)
6
 y 
So arccos     4  x 2 
2 6
  y
cos   4  x 2  
6  2
 
The solution is y  2cos   4  x 2 .
6 
(1 mark)
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5
dv
F  ma and a  v (formula sheet)
dx
Now v  4 arccos (2 x 2  1)
dv 1
 4  4x (Chain rule) (1 mark)
dx 1  (2 x 2  1) 2
16 x

1  4 x4  4x2  1
16 x

4 x 2 (1  x 2 )
16 x

2 | x | 1  x2
16 x
 since x  0
2x 1  x2
8

1  x2 (1 mark)
32arccos (2 x 2  1)
So a
1  x2
160 arccos (2 x 2  1)
and F 
1  x2
(1 mark)
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6
a. Do a quick sketch. y
4
y  f ( x)

area of S  ( x  1) 4  x dx
1
(1 mark)
0 x
du 1 4
let u  4  x

 (3  u ) u  1
3
dx
dx
du
3
 1 -2
 1 3
 dx

0

  3u 2  u 2  du


(1 mark) Also, x  4  u
3
x 1  3 u
 3 2 5
2
 3u   u 2  
2 Terminals:
 3 5 
0 x  1, u  3
 3
2
5
  x  4, u  0
  2  32   32   (0  0) 
 5
  
3
 6
 32  2  
 5
3
4 2
 3
5
12 3
 square units
5
4
(1 mark)
b.

volume   y 2 dx
1
4
  2
  ( x  1) 4  x dx (1 mark)
1
4

  ( x  1) 2 (4  x) dx
1
4

  ( x 2  2 x  1)(4  x) dx
1
4

  (4 x 2  8 x  4  x 3  2 x 2  x) dx
1
4

  (  x3  6 x 2  9 x  4) dx
1
4
 x4 9x2 
     2 x3   4x
 4 2 1
  1 9 
  (64  128  72  16)     2   4  
  4 2 
 5
 8  
 4
27 
 cubic units (1 mark)
4
_____________________________________________________________________
7
x  2 4t y2 t4

1 1
dx 1  dy 1 
 2  (4  t ) 2  1  2   (t  4) 2
dt 2 dt 2
1 1
  (1 mark)
4t t4
4
1 1
arc length  
2

4t t 4
dt (formula sheet) (1 mark)
4
t 44t
 
2
(4  t ) (t  4)
dt
4
8
 
2
16  t 2
dt
4
1
2 2 
2 16  t 2
dt
4
  t  (1 mark)
 2 2 sin 1   
  4  2
  1 
 2 2  sin 1 (1)  sin 1   
  2 
 
 2 2  
2 6

2 2
3
2 2
 units
3
(1 mark)
_____________________________________________________________________
8
a. y
y  f (x)
x
O
(1 mark) – correct asymptotes

(1 mark) – correct shape
b. f ( x)  2 arctan  3x 
Let y  2arctan  3 x 
Swap x and y for inverse.
x  2arctan  3 y 
x
 arctan (3 y )
2
x
3 y  tan  
2
1  x
y  tan  
3 2
1  x
So f 1 ( x)  tan   (1 mark)
3 2
d f 1  r f
 (, )
(1 mark)
x 
sin  
x  2 
c.  tan  dx 
2 
 x 
dx
cos  
2 
1 x 
 sin  
2 2 
 2  x 
dx
cos  
2 
x 
 2log e cos   c
2 
(1 mark)
_____________________________________________________________________
9
d. Do a quick sketch of the graph of y  f 1 ( x) and compare it to the graph drawn in

part a. part a.
y
y  f 1 ( x )
y
1
 y  f ( x) 3
2 x
x 
O 1 O
3 2
1
3
area required   f ( x) dx
0
(1 mark)

2
1 
   f 1 ( x) dx
3 2 0  (using the symmetry of the
graphs of f and f 1 )

2
 1 x
 
6 03 
tan   dx
2

 1  x  2 (1 mark)
   2log e cos   
6 3  2  0
 2   
   log e cos    loge | cos (0) | 
6 3 4 
 2  1  
   log e    log e (1) 
6 3  2 
 2  1 
  log e   square units
6 3  2
(1 mark)
_____________________________________________________________________
THE
HEFFERNAN SPECIALIST MATHS 3 & 4
P.O. Box 1180
SOLUTIONS
Surrey Hills North VIC 3127 2018
Phone 03 9836 5021
Fax 03 9836 5025
[email protected]
Section A – Multiple-choice answers

1. D 6. C 11. C 16. C
2. A 7. E 12. D 17. E
3. E 8. B 13. A 18. B
4. B 9. A 14. C 19. A
5. D 10. E 15. B 20. D
Section A - Multiple-choice solutions

Question 1
2x
f ( x) 
x 3 1
2x

( x 1) ( x 2  x 1)
Since x 2  x 1  0 has no real solutions, the only vertical asymptote is x  1 .
The horizontal asymptote is y  0
The answer is D.
Question 2

For x  [0, ] \   , y
2
3
sin ( x)  sec ( x) 1
4
4 sin ( x) cos ( x)  3
y  sin( x)
3 0.433
sin (2x)  x
2 
 2 S A -0.433 2
2x  ,
3 3
T C 3
  y sec( x)
x , 4
6 3
3     
So, from the graph, sin ( x)  sec ( x) for x   ,    ,   .
4 6 3 2 
The answer is A.
_____________________________________________________________________
2
Question 3
We require that
1  ax  b 1
1 b  ax 1 b
1 b 1 b
x ,a 0
a a
1 b 1 b 
The implied domain is x   , .
 a a 
The answer is E.
Question 4
2 x3  2 x  2 A B Cx  D
   2
( x  1) ( x  1) x  1 ( x  1)
2 2 2
x 1
The answer is B.
Question 5
Using the graph, options A, B and C can be ruled out. Im(z)
Alternatively, for option A, when z  2  i,

 1 Re(z)
Arg ( z )  tan 1    2
 2 -1
 0.4636... 2 i


6
so reject option A.
For option B,
| z || z  1|
x 2  y 2  ( x  1) 2  y 2
x2  y 2  x2  2x  1  y 2
1
x
2
When z  2  i, x  2 so reject option B.
For option C, 2 Re( z )  Im( z )
When z  2  i, 2  2  1
So reject option C.
For option D, | z  2 | 1,
( x  2)2  y 2  1
( x  2) 2  y 2  1
When z  2  i , 0  ( 1) 2  1 so option D is correct.
Out of interest, for option E, ( z )2  2 z
When z  2  i,  z 2  (2  i)2
 3  4i
 4  2i
The answer is D.
3
Question 6
Let z  rcis ()

z n  r n cis (n) (De Moivre's Theorem)
Now, 2  
3  i  2 3  2i r  12  4
  4
 4cis   2k  
6   2 
  tan 1  
   12k   2 3
 22 cis  
 6   1 
 tan 1  
 3
 (1  12k ) 
So z n  22 cis   
 6    2k , k  Z
2
6
 (1  12k ) 
z  2 n cis  
 6n 
The answer is C.
Question 7
For the equation z 6  a, since a  C , then the 6 solutions to this equation lie on a circle with
its centre at the origin.
Since one of the solutions is 2, the radius of this circle is 2.
Also, the solutions are equally spaced around the circle at intervals
2  Im(z)
of  . 2
6 3
The solutions are
  2     2 
2cis (0), 2cis   , 2cis   , 2cis ( ), 2cis    , 2cis    Re(z)
3  3   3  3  -2 2
Note that Arg ( z )   i.e. we want the principal valued argument
and   Arg ( z )   (formula sheet) so the value of  -2
could be  .
The answer is E.
Question 8
2 1
2 x

1
x2
e dx
1
2
du u 1

 2  1 
1
dx
e dx let u 
x
1 du
2  1x 2
dx
 2 eu du  1
1  2
1 x

 2 eu du Also, if x  1, u  1
1 1
2 and if x  2, u 
2
The answer is B.
4
Question 9
g ( x)   x3  kx
g '( x)  3x 2  k
g ''( x )  6 x
g ''( x )  0 when x  0
So the stationary point of the gradient graph g '( x) , occurs at x  0 .
The gradient graph of g is a concave downward parabola with turning point at (0, k ) so the
gradient of g will always be strictly decreasing for x  0 .
The answer is A.
Question 10
f ''( x)  2 x 2  x
2 x3 x 2
f '( x)    c but f '(0)  0 so c  0.
3 2
2 x4 x3
f ( x)    c1
12 6
4 3
x x
   c1
6 6
A possible graph of f (when c1  0 ) is
y
y  f ( x)
x
-1 -0.75 -0.5 O
2x 3 x 2 3
Stationary points occur when   0 i.e. x   and x  0 .
3 2 4
1
Points of inflection occur when 2x 2  x  0 i.e. x   and x  0 .
2
So a stationary point of inflection occurs at x  0 .
Only option E describes the graph.
The answer is E.
5
Question 11
y
2 (3,2)
x
-3 -2 -1 1 2 3
-1
-2
-3
The approximate solution curve corresponding to the condition y (3)  2 is drawn above.
The value of x when y  0 for this solution curve could be 2.2.
The answer is C.
Question 12
The area above the t-axis is given by 4 1 0.5  3 0.5  3  7 .

So the body travels a total of 7 units in one direction.
The area below the t-axis is given by 0.5  0.5  4 1.5  4  0.5  0.5  4  8 units .
When the area below the t-axis is 7, the body has returned to its initial position.
Between t  3.5 and t  5.5 ,

area  0.5  0.5  4  1.5  4
 7 units
So the body will first return to its initial position when t  5.5
The answer is D.
6
A
Question 13
Let O be the origin.
 ABC
OA  i  2 j  k a~
~ ~ ~ B C

OB  2 i  k b~
~ ~ c~

OC  4 j  k
~ ~
O
 
From the diagram, ABC is the angle between BA and BC .
  
BA  BO  OA
 2 ~i  k~  ~i  2 j  k~
~
 i  2 j
~ ~
  
BC  BO  OC
 2 i  k  4 j  k
~ ~ ~ ~
 2 i  4 j  2 k
~ ~ ~
   
BA  BC  BA BC cos (ABC )
2  8  0  1  4 4  16  4 cos (ABC )
10
cos (ABC ) 
5 24
5

30
The answer is A.
Question 14
2 2 2
Option A is true ie a~  b~  c~ (Pythagoras theorem)
Option B is true since b  c~  b c cos (90  )

~ ~ ~
 b c sin() (complementary angles)

~ ~
Option C is not true since c~  (a~  b)

~
 c~ c~ ie (a~  b)
~
 c~
 c~ c cos(0)
~
 c~ c
~
 a~ b because c  a~ and c  b~
~ ~ ~
Option D is true because it is a classic example of a scalar product of two vectors.

Option E is true since a~ (c~  b)
~
 a~ a~ ie (c~  b)
~
 a~
 a~ a cos(0)
~
2
 a~
The answer is C.
7
Question 15
Method 1
Consider the force vectors head to tail.
We see that the resultant force has
magnitude of 102  242  26 N . 26 N 24 N
Since F  ma
26  2a 10 N
a 13
The answer is B.
Method 2
resultant force  10 ~i  24 j
~
so 10 ~i  24 j  2a~
~
a~  5 ~i  12 j
~
a  13
~
The answer is B.
Question 16 normal
force
65
R  ma direction of
~ ~
acceleration
65 cos (60 )  10  m  2.5 60 o
10
32.5  10  2.5m
m9
The answer is C. mg
Question 17
Note that m  n , so the m kg particle will accelerate downwards and the n kg particle will
accelerate upwards.
For the m kg particle:
mg  T  m  2.45
T  mg  2.45m
T  m (g  2.45)
T
For the n kg particle:
T
T  ng  n  2.45 n kg
T  n (2.45  g )
m kg
ng
So m ( g  2.45)  n (2.45  g )
7.35m  12.25n ( g  9.8) mg
5
m n
3
The answer is E.
8
Question 18
A Type I error occurs when H 0 is rejected but it is true.

Only option B gives these two options.
The answer is B.
Question 19
 s s 
An approximate confidence interval for  is given by  x  z , xz .
 n n 
2 zs
width of confidence interval with sample size of n 
n
2 zs
width of confidence interval with sample size of 4n 
4n
2 zs

2 n
zs

n
The width of the confidence interval has been halved, i.e. it has been decreased by a factor of
2.
The answer is A.
Question 20
E( S )  15, Var( S )  16
E(T )  10, Var(T )  4
R  2 S  3T
E( R )  2  15  3  10
0
Var( R )  22  16  (3)2  4
 64  36
 100
sd( R)  100
 10
So R ~ N(0,102 )
r
z

2  0

10
 0.2
So Pr( R  2)  Pr ( Z  0.2)
 Pr ( Z  0.2) (symmetry)
The answer is D.
9
SECTION B
a. cos (2x) 1 2sin 2 ( x)

    
cos 2  1 2sin2  
 8  8 
  1  1 
sin 2   1  (1 mark)
8  2  2 
2 1

2 2
2 2

4
  2 2
sin  
8  2
  
Since is a first quadrant angle, sin   is positive.
8 8 
  2  2
So sin   as required. (1 mark)
8  2
x  
b. f ( x)  arcsin  
2  4
x
f ''( x)  (1 mark)
( x  4) 4  x 2
2
For x   0, 2  2  ,  x  0, x 2  4  0 and 4  x 2  0.
 
x
So 0
( x 2  4) 4  x 2
and so f ''( x)  0 as required.
(1 mark)
c. From part b., since f ''( x)  0 for d f , the graph of f is concave up (and includes a
point of inflection at the left endpoint).
Endpoints:
   
When x  0, f (0)  so we have 0,  as our left endpoint.
4  4 
When x  2 2,

 2 2  
f  2  2  arcsin 


2

 4

 
  (from part a.)
8 4
3

8
10
 3 
So we have  2  2 ,  as our right endpoint.
 8 
y
 3 
 2 2, 
 8 
1
y = f (x )
 
 0, 
 4
x
O 1
(1 mark) – correct left endpoint

(1 mark) – correct right endpoint
(1 mark) – correct (very slight) upward concavity
3
8
d. i. 
volume   x 2 dy

(1 mark)
4
x 
Since y  arcsin    ,
2 4
 x
y   arcsin  
4 2
  x
sin  y   
 4 2
 
x  2sin  y  
 4
 
x 2  4sin 2  y  
 4
3
8
 
 sin
2
So volume  4  y   dy
  4
4
(1 mark)
ii. From part i.,
volume  0.24595...
 0.246 cubic units (correct to 3 decimal places)
(1 mark)
11

1
a. r~ (t )  t ~i  (t  2) j
S 2 ~
1
x t and yt 2
2
t  2x t  y2
So y  2  2 x
y  2x  2
When t  0, x  0 and y  2.
Starting point is (0,  2) .
Since this is an endpoint, the direction in which the ship moves is obvious but just to
1
double-check, when t  1 (for example) r~  ~i  j , i.e. the ship is at the point
S 2 ~
1  y
 , 1  .
2 
4
3
2
1 direction of motion
x
-2 -1 O 1 2 3 4 5 6
-1
-2
(0,-2) starting position
-3
-4
(1 mark) – correct path

(1 mark) – correct starting position
and direction of motion
b. r~ (t )  (2  2sin (t )) ~i  (3  cos (t )) j
F ~
1
r~ (t )  t ~i  (t  2) j
S 2 ~
1
Solve 2  2sin (t )  t for t
2
t  0.8904... or t  2.8499... or t  5.8128...
Solve 3  cos (t )  t  2 for t
t  5.9425...
(1 mark)
The times when the ~i components of the position vectors are equal are different to
the time when the j components of the position vectors are equal. Hence the ship
~
and the ferry don’t collide.

(1 mark)
12
c. v (2)  2cos (2) ~i  sin (2) j

~F ~
1
v (2)  i j (1 mark)
~S
2~ ~
v (2)  v~ (2)  v~ (2) ~v (2) cos ( ) (where  is the angle between the two vectors)
~F S F S
 
 ~v (2)  ~vS (2) 
  cos 1  F 
 ~v (2) v~ (2) 
 F S 
 cos 1 ( 0.35782...)
 1.93673...
 110.96...
The angle between the path of the ferry and the ship is 111.0 (to one decimal place).
(1 mark)
d. distance  ~r (t )  ~r (t )
F S
1
 (2  2sin (t )) ~i  (3  cos (t )) j  t ~i  (t  2) j
~ 2 ~
 1 
  2  2sin (t )  t  ~i  (5  cos (t )  t ) j
 2  ~
2
 1 
  2  2sin (t )  t   (5  cos (t )  t ) 2
 2 
(1 mark)
e. Graph the function found in part d. The minimum value occurs at (5.82...,0.076...) .
The minimum distance between the ferry and the ship is 0.1 km (correct to one
decimal place). (1 mark)
This occurs when t  5.8 (correct to one decimal place). (1 mark)
(Note that this answer seems feasible according to our answer to part b. where it was
shown that whilst the vessels didn’t collide they came awfully close at around t  5.8
to t  5.9 !)
13
f. Using the graph, the paths first cross at the point (2, 2) .
The Cartesian equation of the ship is y  2x  2.  (1) .
The Cartesian equation of the ferry is found by equating
x  2  2sin (t ) and y  3  cos (t )
2 x
sin (t )  cos (t )  y  3
2
(2  x) 2
sin 2 (t )  cos 2 (t )  ( y  3) 2
4
( x  2) 2
So the Cartesian equation of the ship is  ( y  3) 2  1  (2) (1 mark)
4
Solve (1) and (2) simultaneously using CAS.

50 66
x  2 and y  2 or x  and y 
17 17
50 66 
The paths cross at (2, 2) and at  , . (1 mark)
17 17 
1
r (t )  t ~i  (t  2) j
~S
2 ~
1 50 66
So t (Confirm this: t  2 
2 17 17
100 100 
t t 
17 17 
100
The ship is next at the point where the paths cross when t  .
17
100 32
So 4 .
17 17
32
So hours later the ship next crosses the path of the ferry.
17
(1 mark)
14
 
2
a. 1  3i  rcis  r  (1) 2   3
 
 2cis    2
 3
 3 S A
  tan 1 
 1 
  T C


3

base angle is
3
(1 mark)
b. The perpendicular bisector is given by


z  z  1  3i  (1 mark)
x  yi  x  yi  1  3i
 
2
x 2  y 2  ( x  1) 2  y  3
x2  y 2  x2  2 x  1  y2  2 3 y  3
2x  2 3y  4
x  3y  2
1 2
y x
3 3
(1 mark)
c. Method 1 – using the complex equation


z  z  1  3i 
Since z  1  3i , LS  1  3i
 
2
 (1) 2   3
2
RS  1  3i  1  3i
 (2) 2
2
 LS
Have shown.
(1 mark)
15
c. (cont’d)
Method 2 – using the Cartesian equation.
1 2
y x
3 3
Substitute  1,  3 
LS  y
 3
1  2
RS   1
3 3
3

3
3 3

3
 3
 LS
Have shown.
(1 mark)
d.
Im(z)
Re(z)
-1 O 1
1  3i  3 1  3i
(1 mark)
16
e. Method 1
The equation of the circle is | z  ai | b, where a, b  R and so the centre of the
circle lies on the y-axis. (1 mark)
The centre is equidistant from O and 1 3i so it must be on the perpendicular
2
bisector. The y-intercept of the perpendicular bisector is y   using our result
3
1 2
from part b. (i.e. the equation of the perpendicular bisector is y  x ), so
3 3
2
therefore a   . (1 mark)
3
 2  2
The radius of the circle is the distance from (0,0) to a i.e.  0,   so radius is .
 3  3
2 2 2 2
The equation of the circle is z   i  i.e. z i  . (1 mark)
3 3 3 3
Method 2
The three complex numbers 1  3i,  1  3i and 0  0i satisfy the equation
| z  ai | b, where a, b  R .
Substituting 1 3i , gives
1  3i  ai  b
(1 mark)
 
2
12   3a b
1  3  2 3a  a 2  b 2
4  2 3a  a 2  b 2  (1)
Substituting 0  0i gives
| 0  0i  ai | b
a2  b
a 2  b2  (2)
2 2
(2) in (1) 4  2 3a  a  a
4
a
2 3
2
a
3
(1 mark)
2 2
Note that (2) gave us a  b , but we obtained this by squaring both sides of the
equation a 2  b . In doing so, we introduced an extra solution. (i.e. b  a )
Note that a 2  b tells us that b can only be positive.
i.e. b | a |
2
So b 
3
2

3
2 2 2 2
The equation of the circle is z   i  i.e. z i  . (1 mark)
3 3 3 3
17
f. Im(z)
 Re(z)
-1 O 1
 2  3
centre  0,  
 3
2
1  3i 1  3i
 3
The area required is shaded in the diagram above.

In the circle found in part e., the angle at the centre, subtended by the chord passing
through 1 3i and 1 3i (ie 2 ), is twice the angle at the circumference
subtended by the same chord (ie  ). (Specialist Maths Units 1 & 2)
  
Now from part a. we saw that 1  3i  2cis    .
 3 

Using symmetry,   .
3
2
So the angle at the centre is 2  (1 mark)
3
2 1  2 
area of minor segment   2   r 2   r  r  sin  
3 2  3 
2 2
  2  1  2  3 2
       (ie r  from part e.)
3  3 2  3 2 3
4 1
  square units
9 3
 4  3 3 
 or  square units
 9 
(1 mark)
18
a. Draw in the forces.

N2
T2
acceleration N1 T1 4 kg T2 acceleration
T1
3 kg 10 kg
4g
P
3g 10g
30
i. Around the 10 kg mass, T2 10g 10a . (1 mark)

ii. Around the 4 kg mass,
T1  4 g sin (30 )  T2  4a
(1 mark)
T1  2 g  T2  4a
iii. Around the 3 kg mass,
P  3gsin (30  )  T1  3a
3
P  g  T1  3a
 2
(1 mark)
b. From part a. i., T2 10a 10g .
So using part a. ii., we have
T1  2 g  (10a  10 g )  4a
T1  8 g  14a
Finally using part a. iii.,
3
P  g  (8 g  14a )  3a
2
13
P  g  17 a
2
2 P  13 g (1 mark)
a as required
34
c. Acceleration is constant, and we have,
2  15 g  13 g
a , u0 and t2
34
g

2
So using v  u  at
g
v2
2
vg
(1 mark)
So momentum  3  g
 3 g kg ms -1 (1 mark)
19
2 P  13 g
d. a (from part b.)
34
The system is in equilibrium when a  0 .
2 P  13g
0
34
13 g
P
2
(1 mark)
e. The pulling force P is removed and the direction of the acceleration for each of the
masses is reversed as shown below.
N2
T2
acceleration N1 T1 4 kg T2 acceleration
T1
3 kg 10 kg
4g
3g 10g
30
Around the 10 kg mass, and taking positive acceleration as downward,

10g  T2 10a  (1) (1 mark)
Around the 4 kg mass and taking positive acceleration as up the plane,
T2  T1  4gsin (30  )  4a
 T2  T1  2g  4a  (2)
Around the 3 kg mass and taking positive acceleration as up the plane,
T1  3gsin (30  )  3a
3g
T1   3a  (3)
 2
(2) in (1) gives 10 g  (T1  2 g  4a )  10a
T1  8 g  14a
3g
In (3) gives 8 g  14a 
 3a
2
13 g
a (1 mark)
34
When the system was in equilibrium,
u0
13g
v v 2  u 2  2as
2
13g 13g 13g
a 2 s
34 4 34
13g 17
s 
4 13g
17
s
metres
4
17
The 10 kg mass was metres above the ground. (1 mark)
4
20
dP P
a.  (2025  P 2 )
dt 4050
dt 4050

dP P (2025  P 2 )
4050 A B C
Let   
P (2025  P ) P 45  P 45  P
2
A (45  P ) (45  P )  B  P (45  P )  C  P(45  P )


P (2025  P 2 )
True iff 4050  A (2025  P 2 )  B  P (45  P)  C  P (45  P)
Put P  45, 4050  4050 B so B  1

Put P  45, 4050  4050C so C  1
Put P  0, 4050  2025 A so A  2
dt 2 1 1
So   
dP P 45  P 45  P (1 mark)
2 1 1 

t   
 P 45  P 45  P 
 dP
 2log e ( P)  log e (45  P)  log e (45  P)  d (d is a constant)
 P 2

t  log e  d (1 mark)
 (45  P ) (45  P ) 
t  0, P  10
 4 
d   log e  
 77 
 77 P 2 
So t  log e  2 
as required.
 4 (2025  P ) 
(1 mark)
21
 77 P 2 
b. Solve t  log e  2 
for P using CAS.
 4 (2025  P ) 
t
90e 2
P since P  0 (1 mark)
4et  77
Method 1 – using algebra

90 et
P
 77 
4  et  
 4 
90 et

77
2 et 
4
45 et

77
et 
4
 77 
As t  , P  45 from below since e t   e t .
 4 
The limiting value of P is 45.
(1 mark)
Method 2 using a graph
t
90e 2
Using your CAS, sketch the graph of P  .
4et  77
As t  , P  45.
The limiting value of P is 45.
(1 mark)
35
4050
c. total time taken   P (2025  P ) dP
10
2
(1 mark) – correct integrand

(1 mark) – correct terminals
dP P
d.  (2025  P 2 )
dt 4050
t0  2, P0  23.7
23.7
t1  2.5, P1  23.7  0.5  (2025  23.7 2 )
4050 (1 mark)
 27.9815...
The estimated value of P when t  2.5 is 27.98 (correct to two decimal places).
(1 mark)
22
a. H 0 :   23
H1 :   23
(1 mark)
b. Let X represent the distribution of the sample mean.

p  Pr ( X  25 |   23)
 25  23  4
 Pr  Z   since sd ( X )  (1 mark)
 4 / 50  50
 Pr( Z  3.5355...)
 0.0002035...
 0.0002 (correct to 4 decimal places)
(1 mark)
c. Since p  0.05 i.e. 0.0002035...  0.05 , the sample supports the view that the waiting
times are greater than those published.
(1 mark)
d. Solve 0.05  Pr (Z  c) for c. (1 mark)

c 1.64485...
25  23
Solve  1.64485... (1 mark)
4/ n 5%
n  10.822...
So n  11 Z 0 c
(1 mark)
e. Let W be the random variable representing the waiting time for a client.
W ~ N(6,1.52 ) .
Let G be the random variable representing the waiting time of a group i.e.
G  W1  W2  ...  W19  W20
So G ~ N(20  6, 20  1.52 )
(Note, G  20W so G is not distributed as N(120, 202  1.52 )
So E(G )  20  6
 120 minutes (1 mark)
2
and var(G )  20  1.5
 45
so sd(G )  45
=3 5 minutes
(1 mark)
THE
HEFFERNAN SPECIALIST MATHS
Phone 03 9836 5021
2019
[email protected]
3 y 2  2 xy  7
dy dy
 2x  2 y  0
6y (1 mark)
dx dx
dy dy
At (2,1), we have 6 4 20
dx dx
dy
10  2
dx
dy 1

dx 5
(1 mark)
Equation of tangent is
1
y 1   ( x  2)
5
1 7
y  x
5 5
(1 mark)
a. Draw a force diagram.

Let N be the reaction force of the lift floor on the trolley.
40g  N  40a (equation of motion) (1 mark) direction of

acceleration
N  40g  40 1.8
 320 newtons
(1 mark) 40g
b. Draw a force diagram.
N  40 g  40a (equation of motion) (1 mark)

direction of
448  40 g acceleration
a since N  448
40
a  1.4 ms 2 40g
(1 mark)
_____________________________________________________________________
2

a. z  4cis  
3
    
 4 cos   i sin  
  3   3 
1 3 
 4   i 
2 2 
(1 mark)
 22 3 i
Another root is 2  2 3 i (conjugate root theorem). (1 mark)
Because the third root must be real we can use the factor theorem.
If P ( z )  z 3  3z 2  12 z  16,
P(1)  1  3  12  16  26
P (1)  1  3  12  16  0
so the third root is 1.
(1 mark)
b.
Im (z)
4

z  2  2 3 i (ie z  4cis  )
3 3
z  1
Re (z)
-4 -3 -2 -1 O 1 2 3 4
-1
-2
-3  
z  2  2 3 i (ie z  4cis   )
 3
-4
(1 mark)
_____________________________________________________________________
3
Let X represent the mass, in grams, of mussels farmed in the bay.
X ~ N (unknown, 32 )
For the sample,
2400 
E( X )  and sd ( X ) 
100 n
3
 24 
10
(1 mark)  0.3 (1 mark)
 s s 
95% confidence interval   x  z ,xz  (formula sheet)
 n n
 (24  2  0.3, 24  2  0.3)
 (23.4, 24.6) (1 mark)
Note that we use the integer multiple of 2 for z, remembering that Pr ( 1.96  Z  1.96)  0.95

m
~
 2 ~i  a j (  OM ) M
~

n~  ~i  j  k~ ( ON ) 
~
4
 N P
p  ~i  j  2 k~ ( OP)
~ ~
  
NM  NO  OM where O is the fixed origin
  ~i  j  k~  2 ~i  a j
~ ~
 ~i  ( a  1) j  k~
~
  
NP  NO  OP
  ~i  j  k~  ~i  j 2 k~
~ ~
 2 j  k~
~
 
NM NP  2 (a  1)  1
 1  2a
(1 mark)
 
 

Also, NM NP  NM NP cos  
4
1
 12  (a  1) 2  12 (2) 2  (1)2 
2
5
 a 2  2a  3
2
5 2
 (a  2a  3)
2
5 2
So 1  2a  (a  2a  3) ________________(*)
2 (1 mark)
_____________________________________________________________________
4
Squaring both sides,

5
(1  2a ) 2  ( a 2  2a  3)
2
2 (1  4a  4a )  5 (a 2  2a  3)
2
2  8a  8a 2  5a 2  10a  15
3a 2  2a  13  0
2  4  4  3  13
a
6
2  160

6
2  4 10

6
1  2 10
a (1 mark)
3
5 2
Note that from (*), 1  2a  0 because (a  2a  3)  0 and a  R
2
so 2a  1
1
a
2
1  2 10 1
Reject a  since a  .
3 2
1  2 10
So a
3
(1 mark)
3
3 x
x
0
2
3
dx
3 3
3 x
 
0
2
x 3
dx  x
0
2
3
dx
3 3
(1 mark)
3 1 2x
 3 
0
2
x 3
dx 
2 
0
2
x 3
dx
3
  x  1 3
 3  tan 1     log e ( x  3)  0
2
  3  0 2
(1 mark) (1 mark)
 1

 3 tan 1 1  tan 1 (0)   log e (6)  log e (3) 
2
  1
 3   0   log e (2)
4  2
3 1
  log e (2)
4 2
(1 mark)
_____________________________________________________________________
5
1 x
y x-intercepts occur when y  0
x 2  2x
1 x 1 x
 0
x ( x  2) x ( x  2)
Asymptotes are x  0, x  2, y  0 i.e. 1 x  0
x-intercept is (1, 0)
y-intercepts occur when x  0

1 0
y
0
There are no y-intercepts.
1 x
y
x2  2 x As x  , y  0 
dy ( x 2  2 x)  1  (2 x  2) (1  x) As x  , y  0 

dx ( x 2  2 x) 2 As x  0 from the left, y  
 x2  2x  2 x2  4 x  2 As x  0 from the right, y  
 As x  2 from the left, y  
( x 2  2 x) 2
As x  2 from the right, y  
x2  2 x  2

( x 2  2 x) 2
dy
 0 since for x 2  2 x  2  0,
dx
0
i.e. (2)2  4  1  2  0
So there are no stationary points.
x 0 y
x2
4
3
2
1 y 0
(1, 0)
x
-4 -3 -2 -1 O 1 2 3 4
-1
-2
-3
-4
(1 mark) correct asymptotes

(1 mark) correct x-intercept
(1 mark) correct shape of middle branch
with no stationary point of inflection
(1 mark) correct shape of outer branches
_____________________________________________________________________
6
4
Let arcsin    a
5
4 5 4 13
sin(a)  5
5 a b
3 3
so cos(a )  12
5
 5
Let arctan    b
 12 
5
tan(b) 
12
5
so sin(b) 
13
12
and cos(b) 
13
(1 mark)
4  5
Since x  arcsin    arctan  
5  12 
then, x  ab  (1)
1
Also, sec( x ) 
cos( x)
From (1), cos( x)  cos(a  b)

 cos(a ) cos(b)  sin(a) sin(b) (formula sheet) (1 mark)
3 12 4 5
   
5 13 5 13
36 20
 
65 65
56

65
65
So sec( x ) 
56
(1 mark)
_____________________________________________________________________
7
dy 1
(1  x 2 )  0
dx x
dy 1
(1  x 2 ) 
dx x
dy 1

dx x (1  x 2 )
1 A Bx  C
Let   (1 mark)
x (1  x ) x 1  x 2
2
A (1  x 2 )  x ( Bx  C )

x (1  x 2 )
True iff 1  A (1  x 2 )  x ( Bx  C )
Put x  0, 1 A
Put x  1, 1 2  B  C
So 1  B  C  (1)
Put x  2, 1  5  2 (2 B  C )
 2  2B  C  (2)
(1)  (2) 1  B
B  1
In (1) C0
1 1 x
So   (1 mark)
x (1  x ) x 1  x 2
2
1 x 1  x2  x2
If you have time, check i.e.  
x 1  x2 x (1  x 2 )
1
 (all good)
x (1  x 2 )
dy 1 x
 
dx x 1  x 2
1 x
y
x dx  
1  x2
dx
1
 log e ( x )  log e (1  x 2 )  c, (1 mark)
2
1
 log e ( x )  log e (1  x 2 ) 2  c, x0
Given x  1, y  2,
2  log e (1)  log e  2 c
so c  2  log e  2
1
and so y  log e ( x)  log e (1  2 2
x )  2  log e  2
 2x 
y  log e    2
 2
 1 x  (1 mark)
_____________________________________________________________________
8
x 1 
a. f ( x)  arcsin 
 2 
1 1
f '( x)   (Chain rule) (1 mark)
 x 1
2 2
1  
 2 
1

( x 2  2 x  1)
2 1
4
1

2
4  ( x  2 x  1)
2
4
1

2
x  2x  3
1

( x  3) ( x  1)
(1 mark)
 x 1
b. Let y  arcsin  
 2 
Swap x and y for inverse.
 y 1
x  arcsin  
 2 
y 1
sin( x) 
2
y  2sin( x)  1
So f 1 ( x)  2sin( x)  1 as required.
(1 mark)
_____________________________________________________________________
9
c. Do a quick sketch of y  f 1 ( x) .
y
x-intercept occurs when y  0
0  2sin ( x) 1 1 y  f 1 ( x )
1    x
sin ( x)   O
2 2 6 2

x (1 mark)
6 -3
S is the region shaded.

6

volume   y 2 dx
0

6 (1 mark)

  (2sin( x)  1 ) 2 dx
0

6

  (4sin 2 ( x)  4sin( x )  1) dx
0

6

  (2  2cos(2 x)  4sin( x)  1) dx
0
(i.e. use cos(2 x)  1  2sin 2 ( x))
 (1 mark)
   3x  sin(2 x)  4cos( x) 6
0
  3 3 
     4   (0  0  4  1) 
 2 
 2 2 
 3 3 
   4  cubic units
2 2 
 
(1 mark)
_____________________________________________________________________
THE
HEFFERNAN SPECIALIST MATHS
Phone 03 9836 5021
2019
[email protected]

1. C 6. E 11. D 16. E
2. E 7. B 12. A 17. C
3. B 8. A 13. A 18. C
4. D 9. A 14. B 19. D
5. B 10. C 15. A 20. A

Question 1
x   
For y  tan 1   , range    ,  .
a  2 2
1
The graph of y  tan ( x) has been dilated by a factor of ‘a’ from the y-axis. This does not
affect the range.
The answer is C.
Question 2
x2 2 A B Cx  D
   2
( x 1) ( x  2) ( x 1) ( x 1)
2 2 2
x 2
The answer is E.
Question 3

Since z  3cis   ,
5
 6 
then z 6  36 cis   .
 5 
6
So arg( z 6 )  .
5
Since    Arg( z 6 )   (formula sheet)
4
then Arg (z 6 )  
5
The answer is B.
_____________________________________________________________________
2
Question 4
Do a quick sketch.
Im (z)
2z
Re (z)
O 2z  iz
iz
The complex number z has been rotated 90 in a clockwise direction to become the complex
number iz .
Hence the line segment joining O and 2z lies at an angle of 90 to the line segment joining O
and iz .
The quadrilateral is therefore a rectangle.
So area  2 z iz
 2 z z since iz  z
2
2 z
The answer is D.
Question 5
 
 3
2
1  3i  2cis   2k   r  12 
3 
   6k   2
 2cis  
 3   3
  tan 1 
 (1  6k )   1 
 2cis   
3 
  
  2k , k  Z
So z n  1  3i 3
 (1  6k ) 
 2cis  
 3 
1
 (1  6k ) 
z  2 n cis  
 3n 
Since z1 is a solution to the equation z n  1  3i ,
1
 (1  6k ) 
then z1  2 n cis  
 3n 
1
For option A, if n  2, then z1  2 2  2 so option A can be true.
For option B, we have Arg( z1 )  0 .
We require  (1 6k)  0
  0, 1 6k  0
1
k
6
but k  Z so option B cannot be true.
The answer is B.
3
Question 6
x  t , y  e 2t , 0  t  3 .
3
length of curve  
0
( x '(t )) 2  ( y '(t ))2 dt
2
 1 1  3
0 



  t 2   (2e 2t )2 dt
2
 402.6839...
The closest answer is 402.7.
The answer is E.
Question 7
0
Let u 1 x
 ( x  2) 1  x dx
du
2  1
1 dx
du

 (3  u ) u  1
dx
dx Also x 1 u
3
x  2  3 u
3 1 3
When x  0, u 1
 
1
(3u 2  u2 ) du
When x  2, u  3
The answer is B.
Question 8
dy
 15 x ( x  2), y (1)  y0  26
dx
Using the formula on the formula sheet, and noting that h  0.2 ,
x0  1, y0  26
x1  0.8, y1  26  0.2 15 1(1  2)  
 17
x2  0.6, y2  17  0.2 15 0.8(0.8  2) 
 9.4868...
The answer is A.
4
Question 9
Given that f '( x)  0 and f ''( x)  0 then the graph of f has a negative gradient and is concave
down over its entire domain.
An example of such a graph is shown.
y
y  f (x)
x
O
Both the function and the gradient of f will be strictly decreasing. There can be no non-
stationary points of inflection because the graph does not change its concavity i.e. f ''( x) is
negative over the entire domain.
The answer is A.
Question 10
Along the x-axis, the gradient is zero.

dy
For option A,  x 2  y except at the origin so reject option A.
dx
For option B, the same applies so reject option B.
dy dy
For option C,  y 2 , this satisfies the x-axis markings where  0 for all values of x.
dx dx
When y 1 , the gradient is approximately 1 as is the case when y  1 .
For other values of y the differential equation also holds.
The answer is C.
Question 11
For option A, a rhombus has all four sides of equal length so a~  b~ .
For option B, a.b  a b~ cos () .

~ ~ ~
Since  , which is the angle between a and b , is greater than 90,

~ ~
then cos()  0
So a.b  0
~ ~
For option C, a~  b~ so a~  ~b .
For option E, the scalar product of the diagonal vectors a  b and a  b is zero because these
~ ~ ~ ~
two vectors are perpendicular in a rhombus.

For option D, a~  b~  0 .
The answer is D.
5
Question 12
vector resolute of a perpendicular to b

~ ~
ˆ bˆ
 a  (a b)
~ ~ ~ ~
1 1
 2 i  3 j  k (2  6  2)  ( i  2 j  2k)
~ ~ ~
1 4  4 3 ~ ~ ~
10
 2 i  3 j  k  ( i  2 j  2 k)
~ ~ ~ 9 ~ ~ ~
8 7 11
 i  j k
9 ~ 9~ 9 ~
1
 (8 i  7 j  11k)
9 ~ ~ ~
The answer is A.
Question 13
distance apart  ~r  ~r
B A
 2 ~i  ( 2t  1) j
~
 4  (2t  1)2
Solve 4  (2t 1) 2  2.5 for t.
1.25  t  0.25
but t  0
so period of time is closest to 0.25 hour.
The answer is A.
Question 14
r (t )  3sin(t ) i  a cos(t ) j
~ ~ ~
x  3sin(t ) y  a cos(t )
2 2
x 2  y  2
 3   sin (t )    cos (t )
   a
2 2
x y
 1
9 a
Since the path is circular then a  9 .
v(t )  3cos(t ) i  3sin(t ) j
~
~ ~

v    3 j
~ 2
  ~

The direction of motion at t  is  3 j .
2 ~
The answer is B.
6
Question 15
p  mv (formula sheet)
~ ~
p  4(3 i  5 j)
~ ~ ~
 12 i  20 j
~ ~
Initial momentum is 12 ~i  20 j
~
change in momentum  final momentum  initial momentum

20 ~i  44 j  final momentum  (12 ~i  20 j)
~ ~
final momentum  20 ~i  44 j 12 ~i  20 j

~ ~
 8 ~i  24 j
~
final velocity  2 ~i  6 j (since m  4 kg)

~
The answer is A.
Question 16
Mark in the forces.
60 45
6
T
mg
Resolving horizontally:
6 sin(60  )  T sin(45  )
3 1
6 T 
2 2
18
T  2
2
 T 3
Resolving vertically:
6 cos(60 )  T cos(45 )  mg
6 3
  mg
2 2
6 3 2
 mg
2
m
2  3 3 
2g
The answer is E.
7
Question 17
F  ma To find a :
 5(2  4 x) v  1  2x
10  20x dv
av (formula sheet)
dx
 (1  2 x)  2
 2  4x
OR
v  1  2x
1 2 1
v  (1  2 x ) 2
2 2
1
 (1  4 x  4 x 2 )
2
d 1 2 1
 v   (4  8 x)
dx  2  2
 2  4x
d 1 2
Since a  v (formula sheet)
dx  2 
The answer is C. a  2  4x
Question 18
Let X represent the weights of the population of the sea birds.

E( X )  5.2, sd( X )  0.4
For the sample taken, n  7 .

E( X )  5.2, sd( X ) 
n
0.4

7
 0.1511...
Pr( X  5)  0.09293...
The answer is C.
8
Question 19
68.1 72.3
For the particular sample, x 
2
 70.2
 s s 
confidence interval   x  z , xz  (formula sheet)
 n n 
confidence interval given  (68.1, 72.3)
s
So, xz  72.3
n
15
i.e. 70.2  1.96   72.3
n
n  196
s
Alternately, x  z  68.1
n
15
70.2  1.96   68.1
n
n  196
The answer is D.
Question 20
Let A represent the annual rainfall in Alban.

Let B represent the annual rainfall in Beachtown.
Pr( B  2 A)  Pr( B  2 A  0)
E( B  2 A)  E( B )  2E( A)
 640  2  310
 20
Var( B  2 A)  Var( B )  (2) 2 Var( A)
 625  4  100
 1025
sd(B  2 A)  1025
 32.0156...
B  2A ~ N(20, 1025)
So Pr(B  2A > 0)  0.73391...

The answer is A.
9
SECTION B
a. 
f ( x)  5arccos ( x  1)2 
5  1
f '( x)   2( x  1)  1 (chain rule)
1  (( x  1) 2 ) 2
10( x  1) (1 mark)
=
1  ( x  1)4
10 x  10

1  ( x  1)4
So a  10, b  1 and c  4 .
(1 mark)
b.
y  5 
1, 2 
 
8
2
0, 0  2,0  x
-3 -2 -1 O 1 2 3

(1 mark) – correct stationary point
(1 mark) – correct endpoints
1
100( x  1) 2
c. i. length  
0
1
(1  ( x  1) 4 )
dx using part a.
(1 mark)
ii. length  8.02124...

 8.02 units (correct to 2 decimal places)
(1 mark)
10
5
2
iii. 
volume   x 2 dy
0
(1 mark)
Now 
y  5arccos ( x  1)2 ,  x  [0,1]
5
y

 arccos ( x  1) 2 
 
y
cos    ( x  1) 2
5
 y
x  1   cos  
5
 y
x  1  cos  
5
but x  [0,1]
 y
so x  1  cos  
5
5
2
2
 y

So volume   1  cos    dy

0   5  
(1 mark)
iv. volume  2.74128...

 2.74 cubic units (correct to 2 decimal places)
(1 mark)
11
a. z  2  2i  2
x  yi  2  2i  2
x  2   y  2
2 2
 2
x  2   y  2
2 2
2
(1 mark)
b. zz 2
(x  yi)(x  yi)  2
x 2  xyi  xyi  y 2  2
x2  y2  2 (1 mark)
    y  2   2 and x  y
2 2
2 2
Using CAS, solve x  2  2 simultaneously.
The two points of intersection are  0, 2  and  2,0  .

(1 mark)
c.
Im (z)
4
zz2 S
2
2
1
Re (z)
-4 -3 -2 -1 O 1 2 2 3 4
-1
-2
-3
-4
(1 mark) for S
(1 mark) for zz  2
d. Using the graph from part c., the minimum value of Arg( z ) for which the ray

intersects both graphs is zero and the maximum value is .
2
 1 
So   0, .
 2 
(1 mark) – left endpoint
(1 mark) – right endpoint
12
e. The area required is shaded in the diagram below.

Note that the centre of the circle S lies at 2  2i .
Im (z)
4
zz 2 S
2
2  2i
2
1
Re (z)
-4 -3 -2 -1 O 1 2 2 3 4
-1
-2
-3
-4
area required  2  area of minor segment bounded by S


and the line segment passing through the points 0, 2 and   2,0 
1 1   
 2    r 2   bc sin    (1 mark)
4 2  2 
1
  1 
2
 2      2   2  2  1
 4 2 
 
 2    1
2 
   2 square units
(1 mark)
13
dx dxinflow dlinflow dxoutflow dloutflow

a.    
dt dl dt dl dt
x
 06 2
100  4t
dx x
So 
dt 50  2t
(1 mark)
dx x
b. 
dt 50  2t
1 1
 x
dx  50  2t
dt (separation of variables) (1 mark)
1
 log e ( x)  c1  log e (50  2t )  c2 x  0, t  0
2
1
log e ( x)  c1   loge (50  2t )  c2
2
1

log e ( x)  log e (50  2t ) 2  c, c  c1  c2
When t  0, x 10
1

log e (10)  log e (50) 2 c
1

c  log e (10)  log e (50) 2

c  log e 50 2  (1 mark)
So, log e ( x)  log e

1
50  2t
 log e 50 2  
50 2
 log e
2(25  t )
50
 log e
25  t
50
So, x
25  t
(1 mark)
14
t
c. The solution given is s 10  .
10
ds 1
So 
dt 10
The differential equation given is
ds s

dt 100  t
 t 
RS  10   (100  t)
 10 
100  t 1
 
10 100  t
1

10
So the solution given satisfies the d.e. given. (1 mark)
Check the initial conditions:
t
In s  10  ,
10
when t  0, s  10
So the solution given satisfies the initial conditions given.
(1 mark)
d. Initially there is 400 litres of sugar solution in the tank.

Each minute, 4 litres is lost. So it takes 400  4  100 minutes.
(1 mark)
s
e. Concentration of sugar in the sugar solution is . (1 mark)
400  4t
t
Since s  10  ,
10
100  t
then s 
10
so the concentration becomes
100  t 1

10 400  4t
100  t 1
 
10 4(100  t )
1

40
which is constant.
(1 mark)
15
a. i. Solve 15t cos(60)  6 for t.

t  0.8 seconds
(1 mark)
ii. To hit the tiny object, the stone must be 6 m horizontally from the release
point and 2.5 m vertically above the release point at the same time.
Solve 15t sin(60)  4.9t 2  2.5 for t.
t  0.2089...
or t  2.4421...
Neither of these values of t equal 0.8 hence the stone cannot be at the point
(6, 2.5) and hence cannot hit the tiny object.
(1 mark)
iii. From part i., the stone is 6 metres from the release point at t  0.8 seconds.
At this time its height above the release point is given by
15  0.8sin (60 )  4.9  0.82
 7.2563... (1 mark)
Now 7.2563...  2.5  4.7563...
The stone passes 4.76 m (correct to two decimal places) vertically above the
tiny object.
(1 mark)
2
iv. r (t )  15t cos (60) i  (15t sin (60)  4.9t ) j
~ ~ ~
15  15 3 
v (t )  i   9.8t  j (1 mark)
2  ~
 2
~ ~

The stone is vertically above the tiny object when t  0.8 (from part a.).
2 2
 15   15 3 
v (0.8)       9.8  0.8 
~
 2  2 
 9.0981...
speed  9.1 ms-1
(1 mark)
b. The position of the tiny object relative to the release point is (6, 2.5).
Solve 15t cos( )  6 and 15t sin( )  4.9t 2  2.5 simultaneously for t and  .(1 mark)
Some solutions must be rejected because t  0 and 0    90 .
t  0.4651....
and   0.5355...
 30.6820...
or t  2.8520...
and   1.4300...
 81.9377...
So the two possible angles of projection are 30.7 and 81.9 (both correct to one
decimal place).
(1 mark) for 30.7
(1 mark) for 81.9
16
c. Method 1 – using a diagram

From part b.   30.6820... or   81.9377... .
Draw a diagram.
path of stone when   81.9...
stone tiny object

path of stone when   30.6...
release point
stone
4m wall
1.5 m
6m 16.4228 m
ground
(1 mark)
If the distance of the stone on the ground from the base of the wall on the opposite
side of the wall from where it was thrown is 16.4228 metres, then the angle of
projection must have been 30.7, (correct to 1 decimal place).
(1 mark)
Method 2 – using result to part b.
From part b.   30.6820... or   81.9377...
If   30.6820... then solve
15t sin(30.6820...)  4.9t 2  1.5 for t
t  1.7381... t0
Horizontal distance from projection
 15t cos(30.6820...)
 22.4228... (1 mark)
So distance from base of opposite side of wall is 22.4228  6  16.4228 m .
The angle of projection must have been 30.7 (correct to 1 decimal place). (1 mark)
If you opted to test   81.9377... then solve 15tsin(81.9377...)  4.9t 2  1.5 for t.
t  3.1288...
Horizontal distance from point of projection
15t cos(81.9377... )
 6.5821...
So distance from base of opposite side of wall is 6.5821 6  0.5821 so angle of
projection can’t have been 81.9 and must have been 30.7.
17
a.
T N
m kg
4 kg
mg
4g 30
(1 mark) for forces around the m kg mass

(1 mark) for forces around the 4 kg mass
b. Resolving:
Around the 4 kg mass: Around the m kg mass
T  mg sin(30)
T  4g mg
T
2
mg
So  4g
2
m8
(1 mark)
c. The mass accelerates downwards so the equation of motion is
4g  2v  4a
4g  2v
a
4
v
a  g
4g 2
as required
(1 mark)
v
d. a  g from part c.
2
dv v
g
dt 2
2g  v

2
dt 2

dv 2 g  v
2
t 
2g  v
dv (1 mark)
Method 1 – using CAS
Method 2 – by hand
t  2log e (2 g  v)  c
Using the boundary conditions
t  0, v  0 , When t  0, v  0 ,
 2g  0  2log e (2 g )  c
t  2log e   c  2log e (2 g )
 2g  v 
(1 mark) So t  2log e (2 g  v)  2loge (2 g )
 2g 
t  2log e   (1 mark)
 2g  v 
18
 2g 
e. t  2log e   (from part d.)
 2g  v 
t
2g
e2 
2g  v
t

2g  v  2ge 2
t

v  2g  2ge 2
t

as t  , e 2  0, v  2 g .
The limiting (terminal velocity) is 2g ms-1.
(1 mark)
t

f. v  2g  2ge 2 (from part e.)
t
dx 
 2g  2 ge 2
dt
3 t


x  (2 g  2 ge 2 ) dt
0
(1 mark)
 28.3467...
The liquid is 28.3 metres deep (correct to 1 decimal place).
(1 mark)
v
g. a  g (from part c.)
2
dv v
v g
dx 2
2g  v

2
dv 2g  v

dx 2v
dx 2v

dv 2g  v
g
2v
x  2 g  v dv
0
(1 mark)
 7.5713...
The 4 kg mass is 7.6 metres below the surface (correct to 1 decimal place) when
v  g ms 1 .
(1 mark)
19
a. Let S represent the distribution of weights of small muffins.

Let L represent the distribution of weights of large muffins.
L  2S (i.e. L is a multiple of S )
Since S ~ N (108, 22 )
L ~ N (2  108, 22  22 )
i.e. L ~ N (216, 16)
mean of L is 216 sd( L)  16
4
(1 mark) – mean
(1 mark) - sd
b. Let B represent the distribution of weights of boxes of 25 small muffins.
B  S1  S 2  S3 ...  S 25
B ~ N (25  108, 25  22 )
i.e. B ~ N (2700, 100)
Mean weight of a box is 2700 grams. (1 mark)
Standard deviation of the weight of a box is 100  10grams .
(1 mark)
c. Pr( B  2680)  0.02275...
(1 mark)
d. H 0 :   450
H1 :   450
(1 mark)
e. p value  Pr( X  440   450) (1 mark)
 440  450  
 Pr  Z   sd( X ) 
 20 / 30  n
20
 Pr( Z  2.7386...) 
30
 0.003085...
(1 mark)
f. Since p  0.05 (i.e. p  0.0031 from part e.) we should reject H 0 . (1 mark)
g. Find c such that Pr( Z  c )  0.05

c  1.6448... (using Inverse normal)
X  450 5%
Solve  1.6448...
20 / 30
X  443.9938... Z c 0
So X  443.9
(1 mark)
Note that the largest number (correct to 1 decimal place) that is less than 443.9938…
is 443.9. Rounding 443.9938… to one decimal place, does not answer the question.
(ie Pr( X  444.0)  0.05 but Pr( X  443.9)  0.05)
THE
HEFFERNAN SPECIALIST MATHS UNITS 3 & 4
Phone 03 9836 5021 2021
[email protected]
a. R~ = m a~ N
N − 100 g =100 × 3 (1 mark) 3 ms −2
=N 300 + 100 g 100 kg
= 300 + 980
= 1280 newtons 100g
(1 mark)
b. R~ = m a~
mg − 29 g = m×4 (1 mark) 29g
mg − 4m = 29 g
29 g m kg
m=
g −4 4 ms −2
29 g
= mg
5.8
290 g
=
58
= 5g
= 49 kilograms
(1 mark)
| 3x − 5 |
= | x+7|
2 y
| 3 x − 5 =| 2 | x + 7 |
Do a quick sketch.
Solve 3 x − 5= 2( x + 7) y =2 x+7 y = 3x − 5
3x − 5 = 2 x + 14
x = 19 (1 mark)
-7 O 5
3
Solve 2( x + 7) = −(3 x − 5)
2 x + 14 = −3 x + 5
5 x = −9
x = −1.8 (1 mark)
_____________________________________________________________________
2
Since a~ and b~ are perpendicular,

(2) × 2 6 =−2m + 2n − (4)
a~ b~ = 0
(4) − (1) 4 =
2m
−8 − 3 + 3 p =0 m=2
−11 + 3 p = 0 In (2) gives 3 =−2 + n
11 n=5
p= (1 mark)
3 11
So (3) becomes = 6 + 5q
Let =a~ m b~ + n c~ 3
7
2= −4m + 2n − (1) − = 5q
3
3 =− m + n − (2)
7
p= 3m + qn − (3) q= −
15
(1 mark) (1 mark)
x
y cos −1   + 2 tan( x ) − 3 xy =
2
3
−1 dy  x dy
y× + cos −1   + 2sec 2 ( x) − 3 x − 3 y =
0
9− x 2 dx 3 dx
(1 mark) – some attempt to use product rule
(1 mark) – correct line
 4
Substituting in  0,  gives,
 π
 4   −1  −1 dy 2 dy 4
 π   + cos (0) + 2sec (0) − 0 × − 3× =0
  9  dx dx π
−4 π dy 12
+ × +2− = 0 (1 mark)
3π 2 dx π
dy π 12 4
× = + −2
dx 2 π 3π
36 + 4 − 6π
=
3π
40 − 6π
=
3π
dy 40 − 6 π 2
= ×
dx 3π π
80 −12 π
=
3π 2
4(20 − 3π )
=
3π 2
(1 mark)
_____________________________________________________________________
3
a. ( x + yi ) 2 =−7 − 24i
x 2 + 2xyi − y 2 = −7 − 24i
x2 − y 2 = −7 (1) equating real coefficients
2 xy = −24 (2) equating imaginary coefficients
24
So y= −
2x
12
= −
x
Substituting into (1) gives,
2
 12 
x 2 −  −  =−7 (1 mark)
 x
144
x2 − 2 = −7
x
x 4 − 144 =
−7 x 2
x 4 + 7 x 2 − 144 =
0
( x 2 + 16)( x 2 − 9) =
0
=x2 9 since x ∈ R, x 2 ≠ −16
x = ±3
12
x = 3, y= −
3
= −4
−12
−3, y =
x=
−3
=4 (1 mark)
b. z2 + 7 i z =
−6i
z 2 + 7 i z + 6i =
0
( 7i )
2
− 7i ± − 4 × 1 × 6i
z= (quadratic formula) (1 mark)
2
− 7i ± −7 − 24i
=
2
− 7i ± (3 − 4i ) − 7i ± (−3 + 4i )
= , (from part a.) (1 mark)
2 2
− 7i + 3 − 4i − 7i − 3 + 4i − 7i − 3 + 4i − 7i + 3 − 4i
= , , ,
2 2 2 2
3 4+ 7 3 4− 7
z= − i, − + i
2 2 2 2
(1 mark)
_____________________________________________________________________
4
a. y x=4
x = −1
10
8
6
4
2
y=0 x
-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 O 1 2 3 4 5 6
-2
(1.5, − 1.6 )
-4
(0, − 2.5 )
-6
-8
-10
10
y= 2
x − 3x − 4
10
=
( x − 4)( x +1)
Asymptotes occur at x = −1, and x = 4 and at y = 0 .
We are sketching a reciprocal quadratic

graph.
y-intercepts occur when x = 0
Since the quadratic graph of 10
y=
y = x 2 − 3x − 4 −4
 9 9 = −2.5
=  x 2 − 3x +  − − 4
 4 4
2
x-intercepts occurs when y = 0
 3  25 10
= x −  − 0= 2
 2 4 x − 3x − 4
 3 25  No solutions so no
has a minimum turning point at  ,−  , x-intercepts.
2 4 
then the graph of the reciprocal function
10
y= 2 will have a maximum
x − 3x − 4
turning point at
3 4  3 8 (1 mark) – correct asymptotes
 2 ,− 25 × 10  ie at  2 ,− 5  or (1.5, − 1.6) . (1 mark) – correct turning
   
point and y-intercept
_____________________________________________________________________
5
1
10
b. Area = − ∫x
0
2
− 3x − 4
dx (negative since area is below x-axis) (1 mark)
10 A B
Let 2
= +
x − 3x − 4 x − 4 x + 1
10= A( x + 1) + B ( x − 4)
Substituting in x =
−1 gives 10 = −5 B so B =
−2.
Substituting
= in x 4 =gives 10 5= A so A 2.
1
 2 2 
Area =
− 
0
∫ −  dx
x − 4 x +1 
(1 mark)
1
 1 1 
−2 
=
0  x −∫4
−
x + 1
 dx

1
−2 [ log e | x − 4 | − log e | x + 1|]0
=
−2{( log e (3) − log e (2) ) − ( log e (4) − log e (1) )}
=
3
= −2log e  
8
8
= 2log e  
3
(1 mark)
Method 1
dy
−2 x 4 − y 2
=
dx
−1
∫ 4 − y2
dy = ∫ 2 x dx (1 mark)
 y
cos −1  = 2
 x +c (1 mark)
2
Given that y (0) = 1 ,
1
cos −1   = c
2
π
c=
3
 y π
So, cos −1  = 2
 x +
2 3
 π y
cos  x 2 +  =
 3 2
 π
= y 2 cos  x 2 +  (1 mark)
 3
_____________________________________________________________________
6
Question 7 (cont’d)
Method 2
dy
−2 x 4 − y 2
=
dx
1
∫ 4 − y2
dy = ∫ −2 x dx (1 mark)
 y
sin −1   =− x2 + c (1 mark)
2
 
Given that y (0) = 1 ,
1
sin −1   = c
2
π
c=
6
 y π
So, sin −1 
=− x2 +
2 6
π  y
sin  − x 2  =
6  2
π 
= y 2sin  − x 2  (1 mark)
6 
y
y = x (1− x) 3 , so x ≥ 0 y = x (1 − x)3
Do a quick sketch, all we really need to know
is that there are x-intercepts at x = 0 and at x =1.
x
The region being rotated is shaded in the diagram. O 1
1
∫
V = π y 2 dx
0
1
let u = 1− x
∫
π x(1 − x)6 dx
=
0
(1 mark)
so x = 1− u
0 du
du = −1
= ∫
π (1 − u )u 6 × −
dx
dx dx
1
Also,=x 0,=u 1
1
=x 1,=
u 0
= ∫
π (u 6 − u 7 )du
0
(1 mark)
1
 u 7 u8 
=
π − 
7 8 0
1 1
= π − 
7 8
π
= units3
56
(1 mark)
_____________________________________________________________________
7
 t 
a. For ~r to be defined, we require 3sin −1  to be defined so
 10 
t
we require − 1 ≤ ≤ 1
10
−10 ≤ t ≤ 10
But 0 ≤ t ≤ c, so c = 10 .
(1 mark)
b. Maximum distance from x-axis occurs when j - component is a maximum.

~
d
(−te −t ) = (−t )(−e −t ) + (−1)(e −t ) (product rule)
dt
= e −t (t − 1)
Maximum occurs when t = 1. (1 mark)
3
=v(
~
t) i + e −t (t − 1) j
2 ~ ~
100 − t
3
=v(1)
~
i+ 0 j
99 ~ ~
2
 3 
v(1)
~
=  
 99 
3
= metres per minute
99
(1 mark)
1
−
2
c. v(
~
t ) = 3(100 − t ) 2 i + e −t (t − 1) j
~ ~
3
3
( )
−
a(
~
− (100 − t 2 ) 2 × −2t ~i + ( e −t )(1) + (−e −t )(t − 1) j
t) =
2 ~
3t
= 3 ~
i + (e −t )(2 − t ) j (1 mark)
~
(100 − t 2 ) 2
a(0)
~
= 0 ~i + 2 j
~
Magnitude of the initial acceleration is 2 metres per minute 2 .

(1 mark)
_____________________________________________________________________
8
9x2 x2
a. ∫ 9 + π2 x 2
dx = 9 ∫ 2 9 2
dx
π  2 +x 
π 
9 x2
=
9π2 ∫
2
dx
+ x
π2
9 9
+ x2 − 2
9 π2 π dx (using recognition)
= 2
π 9 ∫ 2
Alternatively, use division.
+x 1
π2 2 9 2
x + 2 x
9 π 9
9 2 x2 + 2
= 2 1− π ∫ dx (1 mark) π
π 9 2
+ x 9
π2 − 2
3 π
9 π 3
=
π 2
1−
3
∫2
2
× dx
π
π + x
 
9  3  πx  
= 2 
x − tan −1    + c
π  π  3 
9 x 27  πx 
= 2
− 3 tan −1   + c
π π  3 
(1 mark)
_____________________________________________________________________
9
b. Var(
= X ) E( X 2 ) − [E( X )]2
3 3
π
9 x2
E( X 2 ) = ∫
0
9 + π2 x 2
dx
3 3
 9 x 27  πx   π
=  2 − 3 tan −1    from part a.
π π  3 0
 9 3 3 27 
=  2×
π π
− 3 tan −1
π
( 3 )  − (0 − 0)
 
27 3 27 π
=
− 3×
π3 π 3
27 3 9
= − 2
π3 π
(1 mark)
3 3
π
9x
E( X ) = ∫ 9 + π2 x 2
dx Let u = 9 + π2 x 2
0
du
36 = 2π2 x
1 du 9 dx
= ∫
9
× × 2 dx
u dx 2π = x 0,= u 9
9
36
1 3 3 (3 3) 2
u = 9 + π2 ×
= 2
2π ∫
9
u
du x=
π
,
π2
= 36
9
= 2 [ log e | u |]9
36
2π
9
= ( log e (36) − log e (9) )
2π2
9
= 2 log e (4)
2π
(1 mark)
2
27 3 9  9 
So, Var( X=
) − 2 −  2 log e (4) 
π3 π  2π 
2
27 3 9  9  1
= 3
− 2 −  2 log e (2)  since log e (4)= log e (2) for required format
π π π  2
(1 mark)
_____________________________________________________________________
THE SPECIALIST MATHS UNITS 3 & 4
HEFFERNAN TRIAL EXAMINATION 2
GROUP SOLUTIONS
P.O. Box 1180 2021
Phone 03 9836 5021
[email protected]

1. E 6. D 11. D 16. B
2. E 7. E 12. E 17. B
3. B 8. C 13. A 18. D
4. E 9. A 14. E 19. B
5. C 10. D 15. C 20. B

Question 1
3x 4 + x 2 − 1
y=
x3 + 4 x 2 + x − 6
46 x 2 + 30 x − 73
= 3 x − 12 +
( x − 1)( x + 2)( x + 3)
The graph will have three vertical asymptotes ( x =1, x = −2 and x = −3) and a non-vertical
straight line asymptote of y = 3x −12 .
Total number of straight line asymptotes is four.
The answer is E.
Question 2
2
We require − 1 ≤ ≤1
| x|
x ≤ −2 or x ≥ 2 using CAS (or use domain function on CAS)
So x ∈ (−∞,−2]∪[2,∞) .
Double-check by sketching the function.
x
-2 2
The answer is E.
_____________________________________________________________________
2
Question 3
Sketch the graphs. y

y = − sec(2 x )
y = cosec( x )
π π x
3π
4 2 4
 π 3π   π   π   3π 
cosec( x) ≥ − sec(2 x) over x ∈ (0, π) \  ,  for x ∈  0,  ∪   ∪  , π 
4 4   4  2  4 
The answer is B.
Question 4
Let z = x + yi .
Given z + | z |=6 + 8i Solve for x using CAS.
7
x= −
x + yi + x 2 + y 2 =6 + 8i 3
Equating imaginary terms and equating  7   7 
real terms gives So z z = − + 8i  ×  − − 8i 
 3   3 
=y 8 and x + x 2 +=
82 6 625
=
9
The answer is E.
Question 5
Method 1
Let z = x + yi, where x < 0 and y > 0 (from diagram) .
i z i( x − yi)
=
|z | x2 + y2
xi − yi 2
=
x2 + y2
y + xi
=
x2 + y2
iz
Since x < 0 and y > 0 then must be in the fourth quadrant because the denominator is
|z |
positive, the real component of the numerator (y) is positive and the imaginary component of
the numerator (x) is negative.
iz
And since x 2 + y 2 <1, then must lie further from the origin than z.
|z |
So it could only be represented by z 3 .
The answer is C.
3
Question 5 (cont’d)
Method 2 – geometric approach
Let z= x + yi, where z is in the second quadrant .
z represents a reflection of z in the x-axis and lies in the third quadrant.
i z represents a rotation of z by 90° anticlockwise and lies in the fourth quadrant.
Since | z |< 1, then dividing i z by | z | will increase the magnitude of i z . The option in the
fourth quadrant corresponding to this is z3 .
The answer is C.
Question 6
Let=z rcis(θ)
=z 4 r 4 cis(4θ) (de Moivre)
2π
4=
θ + 2k π (k is an integer)
3
π kπ
θ= +
6 2
π
For k = 0, θ =
6
π
For k = −1, θ = −
3
2π
For k =1, θ =
3
5π
For k = −2, θ = −
6
So we can generate the values in all options except D.
π π kπ
As further confirmation, if = +
3 6 2
π kπ
=
6 2
1
k = but k is an integer
3
The answer is D.
Question 7
π
2
cos(2 x) 2cos 2 ( x) − 1
=
∫ sin( x) cos(2 x) dx
0 (double angle formula)
π
2
∫ sin( x) (2cos ( x) − 1) dx Let u = cos( x)

2
=
0 du
0 = − sin( x)
du dx
=
1
dx ∫
− (2u 2 − 1) dx
= x 0,= u 1
1 π
=x = , u 0
= ∫
0
(2u 2 − 1) du 2
The answer is E.
4
Question 8
dy
From the graph, when y = x, = 0.
dx
This rules out options A, B and E.
From the graph, when x > y, gradient < 0 .
This rules out option D.
The answer is C.
Question 9
3t 2 + 1
x= e 2t
y=
dx dy
= 6= t 2e 2t
dt dt
dy dy dt
= ×
dx dt dx
2e 2 t
=
6t
e 2t
=
3t
2
d y d  dy  dt
=  ×
dx 2 dt  dx  dx
d  e 2t  1
=  ×
dt  3t  6t
(2t − 1)e 2t
= (using CAS)
18t 3
The answer is A.
Question 10
Note that because we are rotating about the y-axis, the terminals of integration must lie on the
y-axis.
If x = 0, y = log e (1)
=0
If x =1, y = log e (2)
log e (2)
So volume
= ∫
0
π x 2 dy
Since
= y log e ( x + 1)
e y= x + 1
x ey −1
=
x 2 (e y − 1) 2
= Note (e y ) 2 = e 2 y
= e 2 y − 2e y + 1 NOT e y
2
log e (2)
So volume =
π ∫
0
(e 2 y − 2e y + 1) dy
The answer is D.
5
Question 11
Method 1
−1
x=

4 − x2
d 1  −1
∫ dx  2 v ∫
2
 dx = dx (use the expression for acceleration - formula sheet)
 4 − x2
1 2  x
− sin −1   + c
v =
2 2
5 π
When x =1, v = ,
3
1  25 π  −1 1 
so,   = −sin   + c
2 9  2
14 π
c=
9
When x = 3
1 2  3  14π
v = − sin −1   +
2  2  9
22π
v2 =
9
22π
So v =
3
The answer is D.
Method 2
−1
x=

4 − x2
d 1  −1
∫ dx  2 v ∫
2
 dx =
dx (use the expression for acceleration - formula sheet)

4 − x2
1 2  x
= v cos −1   + c
2 2
5 π
When x =1, v =
3
1  25π  −1  1 
so, =   cos   + c
2 9  2
19π
c=
18
When x = 3
1 2  3  19π
= v cos −1 
2  2  + 18
 
22π
v2 =
9
22π
So v =
3
The answer is D.
6
Question 12
Let the angle required be α and using k~ , the unit vector in the positive direction of the
z-axis, we have
= a~  k~ | a~ | | k~ | cos(α)
3
cos(α) = (note that | k~ | 1)
4 + (−2) 2 + 32
2
= α 56.1454...°
Closest answer is 56°.
The answer is E.
Question 13
b~ c~
scalar resolute =
| c~ |
6 − 12
=
32 + 12 + 42
−6
=
26
−6 26
=
26
−3 26
=
13
The answer is A.
Question 14
1 C
Draw a diagram. B
Method 1 2
→ → →
b~ c~
OA= a~= OC + CA A
→ →
= OC + 3 CB a~
=c~ + 3(b~ − c)
~ O
= 3b~ − 2c~
The answer is E.
Method 2
→ 2 →
AB = AC
3
2
b~ − a~= (c − a)
3 ~ ~
2 1
b~ − c~ = a
3 3~
=a~ 3b~ − 2c~
The answer is E.
7
Question 15
Method 1 – using a velocity-time graph
momentum
= mv ie. p m v~ (formula sheet)
=
~
At t = 0, 20 = 9v and at t = 8, − 10 = 9v
20 10
v= v= −
9 9
20 10 v
So u= , t = 8, v = −
9 9
−30 20
gradient = 9 9
8
5 t
= − 10 16 8
12 −
9 3
5 20
So v = − t+
12 9
16
When v = 0, t =
3
 1 20 16   1 10  16  
distance travelled =  × ×  +  × ×  8 −   (shaded area)
2 9 3  2 9  3 
200
= metres
27
The answer is C.
Method 2 – using constant acceleration formulas

momentum
= mv = ie. p m v~ (formula sheet)
~
At t = 0, 20 = 9v and at t = 8, − 10 = 9v
20 10
v= v= −
9 9
20 10
So u = ,v= − , t= 8, s = ?
9 9
1
=s (u + v) t
2
1  20 10 
=  − ×8
2 9 9
40
= metres (this is the distance between the start and the finish point)
9
Find where the mass turns by first finding its acceleration.
v= u + at
10 20
− = + 8a
9 9
5
a= −
12
8
Find the distance to the stop/turn point from the start point.
20 5
u= , v= 0, a =− , s= ?
9 12
2
v= u 2 + 2as
2
 20   5
=0   + 2 −  s
 9   12  160
Solve for s. start 27
160 turn
s= metres
27 40
Total distance travelled 9 finish
160  160 40 
= + − 
27  27 9 
Note that the particle is travelling in a straight line.
200
= metres
27
The answer is C.
Question 16
R~ = m a~
Around the 7 kg mass
7 g − T =7 × 2.45
T = 51.45 newtons T
Around the m kg mass T

m kg
T − mg =m × 2.45
51.45 − mg = 2.45m acceleration 7 kg
mg
m = 4.2 kg
The answer is B. 7g
Question 17
Since the particle is in equilibrium we can use Lami’s theorem.

W 6
=
sin(135°) sin(100°)
W = 4.3080... newtons.
The closest answer is 4.3 newtons.
The answer is B.
Question 18
Use CAS to find the confidence interval (z interval),

where
= σ 5,= x 186,= = 0.9 .
n 25 and C level
Confidence interval = (184.3551...,187.6448...)
= (184.4,187.6) correct to one decimal place
The answer is D.
9
Question 19
E( X ) = µ
= 5.65
0.28
sd( X ) =
7
= 0.2
X ~ N(5.65,(0.2) 2 )
Pr( X > 5.8) =0.2266...
The answer is B.
Question 20
For Type A fish= σ2 4

µ 35 =
For Type B fish = σ2 8
µ 31 =
Pr( B > A=
) Pr( B − A > 0)
E( B − A)= E( B ) − E( A) (formula sheet)

= 31 − 35
= −4
Var( B − =A) Var( B ) + (−1) 2 Var( A) (formula sheet)
= 8+4
= 12
( B − A) ~ N(−4,12)
Pr( B − A > 0) = 0.12410...
The answer is B.
10
SECTION B
x
a. f ( x) =
4 x − x3
x
=
x(2 − x)(2 + x)
D = (−∞,−2) ∪ (0,2) (1 mark)
rf = R \{0} (1 mark)
b. Method 1
−( x 2 + 4)
f '( x) = (using CAS) (1 mark)
2( x 2 − 4) − x( x 2 − 4)
When x < −2, numerator < 0 and denominator > 0 so f '( x) < 0 .
(1 mark)
Method 2
( x 2 + 4) 4 x − x3
f '( x) = (using CAS) (1 mark)
2 x( x 2 − 4) 2
when x < −2, numerator > 0 and denominator < 0 so f '( x) < 0 .
(1 mark)
c. Solve f ''( x) = 0 for x (using CAS)
x = 0.6234... (Note that x = −0.6234... is outside the domain of f ).
f (0.6234...) = 0.4154...
Since f ''(0.5) < 0 and f ''(1) > 0 the concavity changes, and so a point of inflection
occurs at (0.62, 0.42) where both coordinates are correct to 2 decimal places.
(1 mark) – concavity check
(1 mark) – correct coordinates
d. y
x = −2 x=2
4
3
2
1
(0,0) (0.62,0.42)
y=0 x
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 O 1 2 3 4 5
-1
-2
-3
-4
(1 mark) – correct asymptotes

(1 mark) – correct shape including
point of inflection
11
e. Note that k ∈ Z i.e. k is an integer.

Note that the graph drawn in part d. shows the graph of g when k = 4 .
The graph of g when k =1 is shown below.
y
y = g ( x) when k = 1
x
-1 1
The graph of g when k = 0 is shown below.

y
y = g ( x) when k = 0
The graph of g when k = −1 is shown below.

y
y = g ( x) when k = −1
The graph of g is continuous over its maximal domain for k ≤ 0 where k ∈ Z .

(1 mark)
f. Using the graphs from part e., we see that these asymptotes given by
x = a where a < 0, exist for k > 0 where k ∈ Z .
solve kx − x3 =
0 for x
x(k − x 2 ) =
0
x = − k is the negative asymptote
(1 mark)
12

a. Method 1
Use cSolve on CAS to solve.
z2 =−2 − 2 3i (1 mark)
z3 = 2 (1 mark)
Method 2
The second solution is z2 =−2 − 2 3i. (conjugate root theorem) (1 mark)
P ( z ) = ( z + 2 + 2 3 i )( z + 2 − 2 3 i )( z + c) where c is a constant
= ( z 2 + 4 z + 16)( z + c)
Since the constant term in P ( z ) is −32 , then c = −2 .
So the third solution is z 3 = 2 . (1 mark)
 2π   2π 
b. z1 = 4cis   z2 = 4cis  −  z3 = 2= 2cis(0)
 3   3 
(1 mark)
c.
Im (z)
5
z1 4
3
2
1
z3
Re (z)
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5
-1
-2
z2
-3
(1 mark)
-4
-5
d. gradient of line L joining (2,0) and −2, 2 3 ( )

2 3 −0
=
−2 − 2
3
= −
2
(1 mark)
3
equation of line is y − 0 =− ( x − 2)
2
3
y=
− x+ 3
2
(1 mark)
13
 3 
e. L is the perpendicular bisector of the line joining α and  − ,0  .
 2 
 3  L
 − 2 ,0 
 
2
This line therefore has a gradient of (ie the negative reciprocal of the gradient
3
of L). Its equation is given by
2
= y x+c
3
2 −3  3 
0= × +c substituting in  − ,0 
3 2  2 
c= 3
2
So =y x+ 3
3
3
This line and line L (given by y =
− x + 3 from part d) intersect at the point
2
( )
0, 3 ie they have the same y-intercept. (1 mark)
 3 
( )
So 0, 3 is the midpoint of the line joining α and  − ,0  .
 2 
3  3
So α is the point  , 2 3  , ie α= + 2 3i .
2  2
(1 mark)
2π
f. ∠AOB = (using part b.)
3
1 Im(x)
sector OAB= × π × 42
3
16π A
= (1 mark)
3 4
B
1  2π  Re(x)
area of ∆ACO = × 4 × 2 × sin   C(2,0)
2  3  2π
3
=2 3
16π
Area required
= −2 3
3
16π − 6 3
= units 2
3
(1 mark)
14
dP
a. = 2 P , P(1) =100
dt
dt 1
=
dP 2 P
400
1
=t
100
∫2 P
dP + 1
(1 mark)
400
1
b.
= t ∫2
100
P
dP + 1 (from part a.)
400
1 2
1
= 2P  +1
2  
100
= 400 − 100 + 1
= 20 − 10 + 1
= 11 as required
(1 mark)
c. =t0 2,=P0 121

t1 = 2.1, P1 = P0 + 0.1 × 2 121
= 121 + 0.1 × 22
= 123.2 (1 mark)
t2= 2.2, P2= 123.2 + 0.1 × 2 123.2
= 125.4199...
Estimated value of P when t = 2.2 is 125 (to nearest number of mosquitoes) .
(1 mark)
dx dxinflow dli nflow dxoutflow dloutflow

d. = × − ×
dt dl dt dl dt
x
=0 × 20 − × 20
10 000
x
= − as required
500
(1 mark)
15
e. Method 1
Use deSolve function on CAS with initial condition
= t 0,=x 1000 . (1 mark)
−t
gives x(t) =1000e 500
(1 mark)
Method 2
dt 500
= −
dx x
t= −500log e ( x) + c, x>0
=t 0,=x 1000
−500log e (1000 ) + c
0=
c = 500log e (1000)
−500log e ( x) + 500log e (1000)
t=
(1 mark)
 1000 
t = 500log e  
 x 
t  1000 
= log e  
500  x 
t
1000
e 500 =
x
1000
x= t
e 500
−t
= 1000e 500
−t
So x(t ) = 1000e 500 .
(1 mark)
f. The insecticide level will be ineffective when the concentration drops below
0.05 kg/L.
In the 10 000 L tank, this equates to an amount of insecticide given by
0.05 × 10 000 =500 kg . So when x drops below 500, the insecticide will be
ineffective.
−t
Solve 500 = 1000e 500 for t.
t = 346.5735...
So after 347 mins (to the nearest minute) the level has dropped below 0.05 kg/L.
To double-check, x(347) = 499.57... ie the level has dropped below 0.05 kg/L
whereas x(346) = 500.57... ie the level is still just above 0.05 kg/L.
(1 mark)
dx dxinflow dli nflow dxoutflow dloutflow
g. = × − ×
dt dl dt dl dt
x
=0 × Y − ×Z
10 000 − ( Z − Y )t
− xZ
= (1 mark)
10 000 − ( Z − Y ) t
−1 1
∫Zx
dx = ∫
10 000 − ( Z − Y ) t
dt
(1 mark)
16
2t 2(1 − t 2 )
a.
= x = y
1+ t2 1+ t2
2 2
4t y (1− t 2 ) 2
x2 = =
(1+ t 2 ) 2 4 (1+ t 2 ) 2
y 2 4t 2 +1− 2t 2 + t 4
x2 + = (1 mark)
4 (1+ t 2 )2
t 4 + 2t 2 +1
=
(1+ t 2 )2
(t 2 +1)2
=
(1+ t 2 )2
y2
So x 2 + = 1 as required.
4
(1 mark)
b. t ∈ [0, 3]
When t = 0, x = 0 and y = 2 so (0,2) is the starting point.
When t = 3, x =
0.6 and y = −1.6 so (0.6, − 1.6) is the finishing point.
y
(0, 2)
2
direction of motion
1
x
-2 -1 O 1 2
-1
(0.6, -1.6)
-2
(1 mark) – correct start and finish points

(1 mark) – correct shape and direction indication
c. Method 1 – using parametric equations

1
distance
= ∫
0
( x '(t )) 2 + ( y '(t )) 2 dt (formula sheet)
= 2.4221...
= 2.42 km (correct to 2 decimal places)
(1 mark) – correct integral
(1 mark) – correct answer
17
Method 2 – using Cartesian equation For the terminals,
( )
2
 2 
 d 4 − 4x 
1
2×0
distance = ∫
1+ 
dx  dx (formula sheet) 0, x =
t=
1 + 02
0
=
0  
 
2 ×1
= 2.4221... =t 1,=x = 1
1 + 12
= 2.42 km (correct to 2 decimal places)
(1 mark) – correct integral
(1 mark) – correct answer
2t 2(1 − t 2 )
d. r(t )
=
~
i + j
1+ t2 ~ 1+ t2 ~
−2(t 2 − 1) 8t
=v(t ) i− j
( ) ( )
~ 2 ~ 2 ~
1+ t2 1+ t2
4(t 2 − 1) 2 64t 2
| v(
= t) | +
~
(t 2 + 1) 4 (t 2 + 1) 4
2 t 4 + 14t 2 + 1
= (1 mark)
(t 2 + 1) 2
d (| v(
~
t ) |)
Solve = 0 for t.
dt
Since t ∈ [0, 3], t = 0 or t = 0.4969... (1 mark)
A quick sketch of the speed function shows us that the maximum speed occurs when
t = 0.4969...
That maximum speed is given by | v(0.4969...)
~
|= 2.73412...
= 2.73 km/hr
(1 mark)
2t 2(1 − t 2 )
e. r(t )
=
~
i + j
1+ t2 ~ 1+ t2 ~
9t 9t + 5
r =
~
(t ) i+ j
D 5~ 5 ~
For a collision, we require
2t 9t 2(1 − t 2 ) 9t + 5
= = AND (1 mark)
1+ t2 5 1+ t2 5
Solve each equation for t where t ∈ [ 0,3] .

1 1
=t 0=
or t AND =t
3 3
1
When t = both the camera and the drone are in the same position on top of the
3
prison farm wall (i.e. at (0.6,1.6) ). Therefore they will collide.
(1 mark)
18

a. N
20° 12g
(1 mark)
b. 12 g sin(20°) =12a
= a g sin(20°) (1 mark)
1
s =ut + at 2 , where u =0, a =g sin(20°), s =15
2
1
15 = 0 + × g sin(20°) × t 2
2
Solve for t.
t = 2.992 seconds (correct to 3 decimal places)
(1 mark)
c. 50cos(
= θ°) 12 g sin(20°) for equilibrium (1 mark)
 12 g sin(20°) 
θ =cos −1  
 50 
θ= 36° (to nearest degree) (1 mark)
d. When θ= 55°, T cos(55°)= 12 g sin(20°)
T = 70.1 newtons (correct to 1 decimal place)
When θ= 13°, T cos(13°)= 12 g sin(20°)
T = 41.3 newtons. (correct to 1 decimal place)
So 41.3 ≤ T ≤ 70.1
(1 mark) for 41.3 (1 mark) for 70.1
e. vertical component of initial velocity
= 2sin(20°)
2 ms−1
2sin(20°)
20°
height of
= plane 25sin(20°)
Take the upward direction as positive.
= u 2sin(20°) 25 m
25sin(20°)
a = −9.8 20°
s= −25sin(20°)
1
s ut + at 2
=
2
−25sin(20
= °) 2sin(20°)t − 4.9t 2 (1 mark)
Solve for t where t ≥ 0 .
t =1.3926...
It takes 1.39 seconds (to 2 decimal places) to hit the ground.
(1 mark)
f. horizontal component of initial velocity
= 2cos(20°)
horizontal distance travelled = 1.3926... × 2cos(20°)
= 2.6172...
= 2.62 metres (correct to 2 decimal places) (1 mark)
19
a. H 0 : µ =26
H1 : μ < 26
(1 mark)
b. p value = Pr( X < 23 | μ = 26) (1 mark)
 
 23 − 26  σ
= Pr  Z <  sd( X ) =
 8  n
 20 
8
= Pr( Z < −1.6770...) =
20
= 0.04676...
= 0.0468 (to 4 decimal places) (1 mark)
c. Since p < 0.05 (i.e. p = 0.0468 from part b.) , there is good evidence to reject H 0 .
(1 mark)
d. Find c such that
Pr(Z < c) = 0.01
c = −2.3263...
(use inverse norm) (1 mark) 1%
x − 26
Solve > −2.3263...
8 Z c 0
20
x > 21.8385...
So x = 21.84 (correct to 2 decimal places).
Check that the corrected value is greater than 21.8385…
So the smallest value of X , correct to 2 decimal places, that can be observed for H 0
not to be rejected is 21.84 minutes.
(1 mark)
2
  8  
e. For sample 1: X 1 ~ N  26,   
  20  

2
  8  
For sample 2: X 2 ~ N  26,   
  20  

difference
= | X1 − X 2 |
E( X 1 − X 2 ) =
0 (1 mark)
Var( X 1 − X=
2) Var( X 1 ) + (−1) Var( X 2 )
2
since independent (formula sheet)
2 2
 8   8 
Var( X 1 − X=
2)   + 
 20   20 
2 2
 8   8 
sd( X 1 − =
X2)   + 
 20   20  (1 mark)
= 2.5298...
We require | X1 − X2 | > 2
Pr(( X 1 − X 2 ) < −2) =0.2145... ( X1 − X 2 ) -2 0 2
So Pr(| X 1 − X 2 |> 2) =2 × 0.2145...

= 0.4291...
= 0.43 (to 2 decimal places) (1 mark)

2022 SM Exam Booklet 1 - Solutions-1

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THE

HEFFERNAN SPECIALIST MATHS 3 & 4

0.15% 99.7% 0.15%

Since z  2  i is a solution then z  2  i is also a solution (conjugate root theorem applies

b. vector resolute of a~ perpendicular to c~ is given by

c. If a~ , b~ and c~ are linearly dependent then α a~  β c~  b~ where α, β  R .

Equating the ~i components:

x  2 4t y2 t4

(1 mark) – correct asymptotes

d. Do a quick sketch of the graph of y  f 1 ( x) and compare it to the graph drawn in

Section A – Multiple-choice answers

Section A - Multiple-choice solutions

Alternatively, for option A, when z  2  i,

Let z  rcis ()

The area above the t-axis is given by 4 1 0.5  3 0.5  3  7 .

Between t  3.5 and t  5.5 ,

Option B is true since b  c~  b c cos (90  )

 b c sin() (complementary angles)

Option C is not true since c~  (a~  b)

Option D is true because it is a classic example of a scalar product of two vectors.

For the m kg particle:

A Type I error occurs when H 0 is rejected but it is true.

a. cos (2x) 1 2sin 2 ( x)

(1 mark) – correct left endpoint

Question 2 (12 marks)

(1 mark) – correct path

and the ferry don’t collide.

c. v (2)  2cos (2) ~i  sin (2) j

Solve (1) and (2) simultaneously using CAS.

Question 3 (10 marks)

b. The perpendicular bisector is given by

c. Method 1 – using the complex equation

The area required is shaded in the diagram above.

Question 4 (10 marks)

a. Draw in the forces.

i. Around the 10 kg mass, T2 10g 10a . (1 mark)

Around the 10 kg mass, and taking positive acceleration as downward,

A (45  P ) (45  P )  B  P (45  P )  C  P(45  P )

True iff 4050  A (2025  P 2 )  B  P (45  P)  C  P (45  P)

Put P  45, 4050  4050 B so B  1

Method 1 – using algebra

Method 2 using a graph

(1 mark) – correct integrand

b. Let X represent the distribution of the sample mean.

d. Solve 0.05  Pr (Z  c) for c. (1 mark)

a. Draw a force diagram.

40g  N  40a (equation of motion) (1 mark) direction of

b. Draw a force diagram.

N  40 g  40a (equation of motion) (1 mark)

Squaring both sides,

y-intercepts occur when x  0

(1 mark) correct asymptotes

From (1), cos( x)  cos(a  b)

Section A – Multiple-choice answers

Section A - Multiple-choice solutions

Along the x-axis, the gradient is zero.

For option A, a rhombus has all four sides of equal length so a~  b~ .

For option B, a.b  a b~ cos () .

Since  , which is the angle between a and b , is greater than 90,