2019 - Chapter 9 - Additions Alterations Repairs - ADA

Table of Contents Page i
Table of Contents
9 Additions, Alterations, and Repairs ............................................................................... 1
9.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................... 1
9.1.1 Additions ......................................................................................................... 1
9.1.2 Alterations ...................................................................................................... 2
9.1.3 Repairs ........................................................................................................... 2
9.2 What’s New in the 2019 Energy Standards ........................................................... 5
9.2.1 Mandatory Envelope ....................................................................................... 5
9.2.2 Mandatory Mechanical Ventilation .................................................................. 5
9.2.3 Prescriptive Additions ..................................................................................... 6
9.3 Compliance Approaches ....................................................................................... 6
9.3.1 Additions ......................................................................................................... 7
9.3.2 Additions and Alterations Combined............................................................... 8
9.3.3 Alterations Only .............................................................................................. 9
9.3.4 Wall Exceptions to Continuous Insulation ....................................................... 9
9.3.5 Accessory Dwelling Units (ADUs)................................................................. 10
9.4 Prescriptive and Mandatory Measures ................................................................ 13
9.4.1 Prescriptive Additions ................................................................................... 16
9.4.2 Water Heating System .................................................................................. 23
9.4.3 Alterations – Prescriptive/Mandatory Requirements ..................................... 23
9.4.4 Envelope Alterations..................................................................................... 24
9.4.5 Water Heating Alterations ............................................................................. 35
9.4.6 HVAC System Alterations ............................................................................. 37
9.4.7 Mechanical Ventilation .................................................................................. 44
9.4.8 Lighting Measures ........................................................................................ 44
9.5 Performance Approach ....................................................................................... 46
9.5.1 Performance: Addition Alone ........................................................................ 46
9.5.2 Performance Method: Additions and Existing + Addition + Alterations
Approach ................................................................................................................... 46
9.5.3 Existing + Addition + Alterations Without Third-Party Verification................. 48
9.5.4 Existing + Addition + Alterations With Third-Party Verification ..................... 49
9.5.5 Existing + Addition + Alterations as New Construction ................................. 49
9.5.6 Summary of Modeling Rules......................................................................... 49
2019 Residential Compliance Manual January 2019

Page ii Table of Contents

Additions, Alterations, and Repairs Page 9-1
9 Additions, Alterations, and Repairs

9.1 Introduction
This chapter covers key aspects of how the 2019 Building Energy Efficiency
Standards (Energy Standards) apply to construction of residential additions,
alterations to an existing residential building, or both. As explained below, the
Energy Standards do not apply to repairs.
The chapter is organized as follows:
1. Section 9.1 – Introduction. Highlights the applicable standards definitions for
additions, alterations, and repairs and provides several examples of each.
2. Section 9.2 – What’s New in the 2019 Energy Standards. Highlights of the
requirements and compliance options in the 2019 Energy Standards.
3. Section 9.3 – Compliance Approaches. An overview of prescriptive and
performance compliance options.
4. Section 9.4 – Prescriptive Approach and Mandatory Measures. Detailed
information on prescriptive compliance methods for additions and alterations,
including how mandatory measures apply.
5. Section 9.5 – Performance Approach. An explanation of computer
compliance approaches for additions, including existing + addition + alterations.
When additions and alterations include changes to the envelope, mechanical
systems, and/or water heating systems, a certificate of compliance must be
completed prescriptively or be generated by compliance software with the
performance approach. The prescriptive certificate of compliance is the CF1R-ADD-
01 or CF1R-ALT-02 form. (See Appendix A for a full list of forms.)
Changes to the HVAC systems will likely include one or more measures that require
Home Energy Rating System (HERS) diagnostic testing and field verification. If a
HERS measure is required, the certificate of compliance must be completed and
registered online with an approved HERS provider using the provider’s web-site.
Refer to Chapter 2 for information about document registration and to Residential
Appendix RA2 for more information about HERS measures.
For copies of the appropriate compliance documentation, refer to Appendix A of this
manual.
9.1.1 Additions
An addition is any change to an existing building that increases conditioned floor
area and conditioned volume (including conditioning a previously unconditioned
space). See §100.1.
Examples of an addition include:
1. Adding a conditioned sunroom or other rooms to an existing house.

Page 9-2 Additions, Alterations, and Repairs
2. Converting a garage or other existing unheated space into conditioned living

space.
3. Enclosing and conditioning an existing patio area.
4. Obtaining a permit to legalize an existing, habitable, and conditioned space that
was added to a residential dwelling without a permit.
5. Adding a bay window that extends to the floor, thereby increasing both floor
area and volume.
9.1.2 Alterations
An alteration is any change to a water-heating system, space-conditioning system,
lighting system, or envelope of a building that is not an addition. See §100.1.
Examples of alterations include:
1. Adding insulation to any existing exterior roof or ceiling, exterior wall, or raised
floor over a crawl space, garage, or unheated basement.
2. Replacing or installing a new top surface to an existing roof (reroofing) and
replacing portions of or the entire roof assembly.
3. Replacing existing fenestration or adding fenestration area (for example,
windows, bay windows, greenhouse/garden windows, dynamic glazing,
clerestories, or glass doors) to existing walls.
4. Replacing an existing skylight or increasing the area of skylight to an existing
roof.
5. Constructing an entirely new roof over an existing conditioned space.
6. Adding a loft within the existing conditioned volume of a home.
7. Replacing an existing heating system or adding a heating system (for example,
a furnace, wall heater, heat pump, or radiant floor). (NOTE: Adding heating to a
previously unconditioned space is an addition, not an alteration.)
8. Replacing an existing cooling system or adding a cooling system (for example,
an air conditioner or heat pump).
9. Extending or replacing an existing duct system or adding an entirely new duct
system.
10. Replacing the existing water heater or adding water heaters and/or hot water
piping.
11. Replacing existing lighting or adding new hardwired lighting fixtures.
12. Adding window film.
9.1.3 Repairs
A repair is “the reconstruction or renewal for the purpose of maintenance of any
component, system, or equipment of an existing building. Repairs shall not increase
the pre-existing energy consumption of the repaired component, system, or

equipment. Replacement of any component, system, or equipment for which there
are requirements in the Energy Standards is considered an alteration and not a
repair.” (See §100.1).
Note: Repairs to residential buildings are not within the scope of the Energy
Standards.
For example, when a component, system, or equipment of an existing building
breaks or is malfunctioning and maintenance fixes are needed for it to work properly
again, it is considered a repair and not subject to the standards. However, if instead
of fixing the break or malfunction, the component, system, or equipment is replaced
with a new or different one, the scope of work is considered an alteration and not a
repair and requirements of the Energy Standards must be met.
Examples of work considered repairs include:
1. Replacing a broken pane of glass but not the entire window.
2. Removing fenestration and other envelope components for maintenance or
repair and then reinstalling the same fenestration or other envelope
components in the same location.
3. Replacing a failed fan motor or gas valve in a furnace but not replacing the
entire furnace.
4. Replacing a heating element in a water heater but not replacing the entire
water heater.
Note: When any existing envelope component is moved to a new location, even
when that location partially overlaps the previous location of the item, the work is
considered an alteration.
Note 2: Replacement of some HVAC components for repair are defined by the
Energy Standards as alterations, therefore triggering requirements that must be met.
Section 150.2(b)1E of the Energy Standards defines the following HVAC component
replacements as an alteration that triggers the requirement for duct sealing:
”replacement of the air handler, outdoor condensing unit of a split system air
conditioner or heat pump, or cooling or heating coil.” Similarly, if more than 40 linear
feet of new or replacement space conditioning ducts are installed, then the entire
duct system must be sealed and leakage tested to be equal or less than 15 percent.
(See §150.2 [b]1D.)
Note 3: Some cooling system component replacements are defined by the Energy
Standards as alterations, which require meeting certain requirements. Section
150.2(b)1F of the Energy Standards defines installing or replacing a compressor,
condensing or evaporator coil, refrigerant meting device, or refrigerant piping as an
alteration, which triggers several requirements, including thermostat and, depending
on the climate zone, airflow, and refrigerant charge requirements. (See §150.2
[b]1F.)
Example 9-1
Question:

A sunspace addition is designed with no mechanical heating or cooling and a glass

sliding door separating it from all existing conditioned space. This design is approved by
the enforcement agency as nonhabitable or unimproved space. Under what conditions
will the Energy Standards apply to this addition?
Unconditioned Sunspace
Answer:
The mechanical and envelope requirements of the Energy Standards do not apply if the
space is not considered habitable or improved and, therefore, can be unconditioned as
defined in §100.1; however, per §100.0(c)2, the sunspace must still comply with the
applicable lighting requirements of §150.0(k). The sunspace is unconditioned if:
▪ The new space is not provided with heating or cooling (or supply ducts).
▪ All openings between the new space and the existing house can be closed off with
weather-stripped doors and windows.
▪ The addition is not indirectly conditioned space (defined in §100.1 under
CONDITIONED SPACE, INDIRECTLY).
A building official may require a sunspace to be conditioned if it appears to be habitable
space, in which case the Energy Standards apply.
Example 9-2
Question:
An existing duplex is remodeled, which includes only the installation of new faucets and
bathroom lighting. Do the Energy Standards apply?
Answer:
Yes, this remodel is considered an alteration. However, due to the limited scope of work
and since no new conditioned space is being created, the remodel must comply only with
the applicable mandatory measures described in §110.1 for appliances and §150.0(k) for
residential lighting.

Example 9-3
Question:
An existing house is remodeled by adding floor area but not increasing the volume of the
house (adding a loft in an area in the house with a vaulted ceiling). As part of this
remodel, some windows are replaced, and two windows are being added. Several
exterior walls are being opened up to install new wiring. What requirements will apply?
Answer:
Since floor area is added but not conditioned volume, this is an alteration and not an
addition. It needs to comply with the Energy Standards using either the prescriptive or
performance method, as well as meet all the applicable mandatory measures. To comply
prescriptively, the new and replacement windows must meet the maximum U-factor and
Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (SHGC) requirements of §150.2(b)1A and B. (If needed,
area-weighted averaging may be used to meet these requirements.) Newly installed and
replacement windows must also comply with the mandatory measures for
caulking/sealing around windows per §110.7. In alterations, it is recommended to install
insulation in the exposed walls if no insulation is found when walls are opened; for 2x4
wood framing install the mandatory minimum R-13 and for 2x6 wood framing install R-20.
Alternatively, the performance approach may be used to demonstrate compliance for the
entire house, even if individual windows fail to meet the prescriptive requirements, as long
as the building meets all applicable mandatory requirements. At this time, since the
exterior walls are exposed or open, this allows the opportunity to insulate the walls and
contribute the energy efficiency of the building. Such upgrades are unlikely to contribute
to the compliance of the building without third party verification of existing conditions.
9.2 What’s New in the 2019 Energy Standards

The 2019 Energy Standards include new mandatory measures and different
compliance requirements for additions and alterations. This section highlights the
key changes from the 2016 Energy Standards. Prescriptive compliance
requirements may be higher than mandatory requirements.
9.2.1 Mandatory Envelope

Walls with 2x6 insulation have a mandatory insulation requirement of R-20 or U-
0.071 (§150.1[c]2).
New masonry walls are required to be insulated to levels required in Table 150.1-A
or 150.1-B (see Chapter 3) (§150.0[c]5).
9.2.2 Mandatory Mechanical Ventilation

When an addition to an existing building adds a new dwelling unit, indoor air quality
requirements of §150.0(o) apply to the new dwelling unit. This includes accessory
dwelling units (§150.2[a]1Cii).

9.2.3 Prescriptive Additions

1. Additions greater than 700 square feet must meet quality insulation installation
(QII) requirements (§150.1[c]1E).
2. Additions 700 square feet or less:
a. Ceiling insulation in an attic shall meets R-38 in Climate Zones 1 and 11-16
and R-30 in Climate Zones 2-10.
b. Radiant barrier must be installed in Climate Zones 2-15.
3. Existing wood-framed walls with siding (or cladding) that will not be removed
require only cavity insulation of R-15 in a 2x4 wall or R-21 in a 2x6 wall.
(Continuous insulation is not required.)
See Section 9.3.4 for more information about wall extensions and exceptions to
continuous insulation requirements.
9.3 Compliance Approaches

Apart from meeting all applicable mandatory requirements (Section 9.4), additions
and alterations must demonstrate compliance using a prescriptive or performance
method.
There are several compliance paths depending on the scope of work:
1. Addition only, where no changes are made to the existing building except
removal of roofs, exterior walls/fenestration, and floors required as a result of
the addition.
2. Alterations only, where there is no addition (that is, no increase in conditioned
floor area and volume or adding conditioning to a previously unconditioned
space).
3. Addition and alterations, where there are both additions and alterations to the
existing building.
For each of these permit scenarios, Table 9-1 summarizes the available compliance
approaches for low-rise residential additions and alterations.

Table 9-1: Compliance Alternatives for Residential Additions and Alterations
Project Scope Prescriptive Approach Performance Approach1
1. Alteration Meet all applicable requirements Existing + Alterations without third
only: for prescriptive alterations party verification of existing
conditions; or
Existing + Alterations with third party
verification of existing conditions; or
Existing + Alterations as all new
construction
2. Addition only: Additions ≤400 ft²; or Addition Alone
Additions >400 ft² and ≤700 ft²; or
Additions >700 ft²
3. Addition and Meet all applicable requirements Existing + Addition + Alterations

existing for prescriptive alterations (if any) without third-party verification of
combined (with and a prescriptive addition existing conditions; or
or without approach (see additions only
Existing + Addition + Alterations with
alteration): above)
third-party verification of existing
conditions; or
Existing + Addition + Alterations as all
new construction
1) In the performance method, the building must be modeled with Energy Commission-approved
compliance software, as explained in Chapter 8 of this manual.
9.3.1 Additions
Regardless of compliance approach selected, the following exceptions apply:
1. Additions of ≤ 300 ft2 do not require a cool roof product (if required by
§150.1[c]11) to be installed.
2. Whole-house fan (or ventilation cooling) does not apply to additions of
1,000 ft2 or less (if otherwise required by §150.1[c]12).
3. Existing space conditioning systems that are extended to provide
conditioning to an addition are not required to meet the Energy Standards
(§150.2[a] Exception 4).
4. Indoor air quality (IAQ) requirements (§150.0[o]1C, D, or F) do not apply to
additions of 1,000 ft2 or less that are not a new dwelling unit.
5. Photovoltaic (PV) requirements do not apply to additions/alterations.
A. Addition Alone
In this compliance scenario, the addition alone is modeled using the compliance
software, and the existing building is not modeled. This approach may work well
when the existing building is not undergoing alterations, and the permitted work
scope covers only the addition.

1. Advantages: Very little information about the existing building is needed

(existing conditioned floor area and number of bedrooms). The existing
building is not modeled.
2. Disadvantages: Many prescriptive allowances for additions do not apply to
the addition alone performance approach. For example, a 400 ft2 addition is
allowed a 30 percent fenestration area limit if complying using existing +
addition, while only 20 percent is allowed when complying as an addition
alone. Alterations to the existing conditions that improve the energy
performance of the existing building cannot be used in this approach as “trade-
offs” with the addition.
B. Existing + Addition + Alteration
In this compliance scenario, the entire building is included in the analysis. This
approach does not require unaltered components to be brought into compliance.
1. Advantages: This approach offers the most flexibility by modeling
improvements to the existing building. The energy budgets include the more
generous glazing allowances given to prescriptive compliance. Note: There is
no requirement to make alterations to the existing building using this
approach.
2. Disadvantages: Plans and data for the existing building are needed,
increasing the time and complexity of the calculations.
C. Existing + Addition as New Construction

Demonstrating compliance as a whole new building, which entails combining
existing plus the addition as all new construction, is another approach. This
approach is used when the changes are extensive. Compliance can be difficult
because all existing features must be brought up to the current code.
9.3.2 Additions and Alterations Combined
9.3.2.1 Prescriptive
When a low-rise residential project includes an addition and alterations, the
prescriptive requirements for each condition must be met. The addition may comply
with the appropriate prescriptive addition approach and documented with the
applicable form (for example, CF1R-ADD-01).
The alterations must also meet all prescriptive requirements and be documented
with the specific compliance documentation for alterations (for example, CF1R-ALT-
02).
9.3.2.2 Performance
The performance approach that includes both additions and may include alterations
is called “Existing + Addition + Alterations.” (See Section 9.5.2.) There are two
ways to analyze the building using this method: compliance with third-party

verification of all existing conditions altered or compliance without third-party
verification.
9.3.3 Alterations Only
9.3.3.1 Prescriptive
Alterations may comply prescriptively by meeting all applicable requirements in
§150.2(b), which are explained further in Section 9.4. Several prescriptive alteration
requirements are specific to the building site climate zone. There are also several
exceptions based on either climate zone or other conditions.
It is important to note that every applicable prescriptive requirement must be met;
otherwise, the building must comply using a performance approach. However, the
energy budget is based on prescriptive requirements. So if one or more proposed
alterations do not comply, the other alterations must exceed prescriptive
requirements, or the project may not comply with the performance approach.
Under the prescriptive alteration approach, the appropriate certificate of compliance
(for example, CF1R-ALT-02) form is completed and submitted for a permit. If any
mandatory or prescriptive measures require HERS verification or testing (see
Section 2.5, HERS Field Verification and Diagnostic Testing of this manual), the
certificate of compliance must be completed and registered online with a HERS
provider (see Section 2.3 of this manual) before submittal to the enforcement
agency.
9.3.3.2 Performance
Alterations may comply using the performance approach by meeting the
requirements in §150.2(b)2. This is explained in Section 9.5. The main options are:
1. Existing + Alterations: If multiple components or systems are being altered or
if the proposed modification(s) exceed the prescriptive requirements, then the
existing + alterations performance approach may be used to make trade-offs.
2. Compliance Without Third-Party Verification: This option allows for
compliance of the alterations without the need for third-party inspection to verify
existing conditions being altered.
3. Compliance With Third-Party Verification: This option allows for compliance
of the alterations only with third-party inspection to verify existing conditions
being altered.
4. Existing + Alterations as new construction: This option is the most difficult.
9.3.4 Wall Exceptions to Continuous Insulation
9.3.4.1 Wall Extension

When an addition is built with a connection to an existing wood-framed wall, an
extension to an existing wood-framed wall (Figure 9-1) is allowed to retain the
existing dimensions (§150.2(a)1Ai or 150.2(a)1Biii). Retain the dimensions means
two things: (1) if the existing wood-framed wall has no continuous insulation, the

extended wall also does not require continuous insulation; and (2) the existing
framing size may be kept.
This exception will typically apply to only one or two walls of an addition. Prescriptive
compliance for the walls that meet the criteria will require R-15 cavity insulation if the
existing framing is 2x4 or R-21 cavity insulation if the existing framing is 2x6 for the
extended wall(s). The energy budget for performance compliance will match the
prescriptive requirements.
9.3.4.2 Existing Wall With Siding

Similar to a wall extension is a provision that applies to existing wood-framed walls
of a previously unconditioned space. If the existing exterior siding (or cladding) of the
structure is not being removed, and the space is converted to conditioned space,
§150.2(a)1Aiii or 150.2(a)1Bvi requires only cavity insulation of R-15 in a 2x4 wall or
R-21 in a 2x6 wall.
Figure 9-1: Wall Extension
New wall is an “extension” New wall is not an “extension”
9.3.5 Accessory Dwelling Units (ADUs)

The California Department of Housing and Community Development defines
accessory dwelling units as:
“. . . an attached or detached residential dwelling unit which provides complete
independent living facilities for one or more persons. An ADU shall include
permanent provisions for living, sleeping, eating, cooking, and sanitation on the
same parcel as the single-family dwelling is situated.
State legislation that took effect on January 1, 2017, gave more flexibility to build
ADUs, sometimes called “granny” or “in-law” units. For compliance, an ADU may be
treated as an addition or may be a new dwelling unit. See Figure 9-2 to determine the
compliance requirements. Although the Energy Standards that apply to the ADU may

be the same as an addition, this may not be the same for other parts of Title 24.
Check with your local building department to confirm applicable requirements.
ADU compliance requirements are based on the associated Energy Code
classification as either an addition to an existing residence or as a new building, as
shown in Figure 9-2. An ADU may comply using any of the prescriptive or performance
method options available for other residential additions or new buildings plus meeting
applicable mandatory measures.
A. If the ADU shares common walls with the existing dwelling unit and is newly
constructed, some of the walls may be wall extensions (Section 9.3.4).
B. If the ADU shares no common walls with the existing dwelling unit (detached)
and is converting an existing unconditioned structured into conditioned space,
an exception to the requirement for continuous insulation is available for walls
where existing exterior siding (or cladding) is not removed.
C. If the ADU shares common walls with the existing dwelling unit and is converting
an attached unconditioned space into conditioned space, the existing walls of
the new ADU may meet an exception to the requirement for continuous
insulation if exterior siding is not removed.
D. If the ADU shares no common walls with the existing dwelling unit (detached)
and is a new structure, this is a newly constructed residential building.
Figure 9-2: ADU Types
Addition: Converting existing

Addition: Converting existing unconditioned space, detached from
unconditioned space, attached to existing home. Walls may qualify as
existing home. Walls may qualify as “existing wall with siding.” (See Section
“existing wall with siding.” (See Section 9.3.4 for wall exceptions.)
9.3.4 for wall exceptions.)
New Construction: Newly constructed

Addition: Newly constructed, attached
and detached from existing home.
to existing home. One or more walls
may qualify as wall extensions. (See
Section 9.3.4 for wall exceptions.)

1. HVAC
When adding an attached ADU to an existing home, the Mechanical Code does not
allow return air from one dwelling unit to be discharged into another dwelling unit
through a shared heating or cooling system. Systems without ducts are an option.
A system serving an ADU must have its own thermostat. Heating systems must be
capable of maintaining 68 °F at a point three feet above the floor and two feet from
the exterior walls in habitable rooms. Heating and cooling load calculations will
need to be provided per Title 24, Part 6, Section 150.0(h) to verify that any existing
and/or new system is properly sized,
Any addition that adds a new dwelling unit must meet all applicable IAQ ventilation
requirements of Sections 150.0(o)1C. A detached ADU must meet all applicable
IAQ ventilation requirements of Sections 150.0(o)1C. An attached ADU must also
meet all requirements if the dwelling units do not share a floor or ceiling. The whole
house ventilation airflow is to be based on the square footage of the new dwelling
unit.
Local exhaust for bathrooms and kitchens is required for any addition. See Table
9-7 in Section 9.4.2 for a more detailed summary of prescriptive HVAC system
requirements for additions.
2. Photovoltaics (PV)
Solar electricity generated by photovoltaics (PV) is not required if the ADU is an
addition. PV is required for detached, newly constructed ADUs.
Example 9-4:
Question:
An existing single-story residence has a 600 ft² attached unconditioned storage room that
the owner plans to turn into an accessory dwelling unit. The existing uninsulated walls
have 2x6 wood framing, and the owner plans to keep the existing exterior siding. For
prescriptive compliance, what wall insulation is required in the proposed ADU?
Answer:
The proposed ADU is considered an addition for Title 24, Part 6. The existing 2x6 walls
can be insulated with R-21 cavity insulation (§150.2[a]1Bvi) for prescriptive compliance.
Continuous insulation is not required for these walls.
Example 9-5:
Question:
Can the ADU in the previous example get energy compliance credit using HERS
verification of existing conditions for performance method compliance?
Answer:

No. Existing walls in newly conditioned spaces are not eligible for the HERS verification of
existing conditions.
Example 9-6:
Question:
In the ADU in the previous example, is solar electricity generated by PV required for
prescriptive or performance method compliance?
Answer:
No, PV is not required for Title 24 energy compliance for additions using any compliance
approach.
Example 9-7:
Question:
The existing residence in the previous example has a ducted forced-air furnace enough
heating capacity to heat the existing residence and the new ADU. Is this allowed for code
compliance?
Answer:
No. The California Mechanical Code does not allow return air from an existing forced-air
system to be discharged into another dwelling unit through the heating or cooling system.
Therefore, the existing ducted furnace may not serve the existing home and the proposed
ADU.
9.4 Prescriptive Approach and Mandatory Measures

The prescriptive requirements apply to additions in the same way they apply to new
buildings and must be documented on the CF1R-ADD-01 or CF1R-NCB-01 Form.
Except as noted, all applicable prescriptive requirements for additions must be met
when using the prescriptive approach. Otherwise, the building must comply using
the performance approach.
For prescriptive additions, a certificate of compliance (CF1R-ADD-01 or CF1R-NCB-
01) form must be completed and submitted for permit. If any mandatory or
prescriptive measures require HERS verification or testing or both, the certificate of
compliance for the project must be completed and registered online with a HERS
Provider before submittal to the enforcement agency. Refer to Section 2.2.2 and
Section 2.5.
There are three prescriptive paths available for additions based on the total
conditioned floor area (CFA) of the addition. The total CFA of the addition may
include floor areas representing several physically separate additions to the building
under the same permit.

Table 9-2 summarizes the key features of the prescriptive envelope requirements for
the three prescriptive addition options in §150.2(a)1. Envelope requirements unique
to that type of prescriptive addition are shown in bold.
The prescriptive requirements for additions are listed in §150.2(a)1. Unless
otherwise noted, the prescriptive requirements contained in §150.1(c) also apply.
A. Additions ≤ 400 ft2: All prescriptive requirements must be met except:

1. Total glazing area up to 75 ft2 or 30 percent of the conditioned floor area,
whichever is greater.
2. Total glazing area maximum for west-facing glazing is 60 ft2 or 5 percent in
Climate Zones 2, 4, and 6-15.
3. QII does not apply.
4. Rafter roof insulation of R-22.
5. Ceiling insulation of R-38 in Climate Zones 1 and 11-16, or R-30 in Climate
Zones 2-10.
6. Radiant barrier in Climate Zones 2-15.
7. Extensions of existing wood-framed walls (Figure 9-1) may retain the
dimensions of the existing walls and require the following cavity insulation:
a. In 2x4 wood-frame walls, insulation shall be R-15.
b. In 2x6 or greater wood-frame walls, insulation shall be R-21.
8. Existing wood-framed walls where existing exterior siding (or cladding) will
not be removed, do not need continuous insulation and require only cavity
insulation:
c. In 2x4 wood-framed walls, insulation shall be R-15.
d. In 2x6 or greater wood-framed walls, insulation shall be R-21.
B. Additions > 400 ft2 and ≤ 700 ft2: All prescriptive requirements must be met
except:
1. Total glazing area up to 120 ft2 or 25 percent of the conditioned floor area.
3. QII does not apply.
4. Rafter roof insulation of R-22.
5. Ceiling insulation of R-38 in Climate Zones 1 and 11-16 or R-30 in Climate
Zones 2-10.
6. Radiant barrier in Climate Zones 2-15.
7. Extensions of existing wood-framed walls may retain the dimensions of the
existing walls and require the following cavity insulation:

a. In 2x4 wood-framed walls, insulation shall be R-15.
b. In 2x6 or greater wood-framed walls, insulation shall be R-21.
8. Existing wood-framed walls, where existing exterior siding (or cladding) will
insulation:
C. Additions > 700 ft2:
1. Total glazing area up to 175 ft2 or 20 percent of the conditioned floor area,
3. Extensions of existing wood-framed walls may retain the dimensions of the
existing walls and require the following cavity insulation:
4. Existing wood-framed walls, where existing exterior siding (or cladding) will
insulation:
5. QII applies to the addition.
6. When an addition greater than 700 ft2 is an existing unconditioned space
converted to conditioned space, the QII requirements do not include:
a. Window and door header insulation.
b. Air sealing if the existing air barrier is not removed or replaced.

9.4.1 Prescriptive Additions

Figure 9-3: Prescriptive Addition Envelope Requirements
To provide consistency Removed wall and window not
with existing wall included in the calculation.
Additions of 300 ft2 or less
alignment, extensions Insulation requirements from
of the existing wall into are exempted for the cool
roof requirement Prescriptive table; unless addition
the addition shall have is 700 ft2 or less, then meet
R-15 for 2x4 walls and mandatory minimum roof/ceiling
R-21 for 2x6 or greater insulation
walls.
Fenestration area is limited

based on the size of the addition:
• For additions < 400 ft2: 75 ft2 or
30% of CFA – whichever is
greater -- for total glazing area;
and 60 ft2 for west-facing
glazing.
• For additions > 400 ft2 and <
700 ft2: 120 ft2 or 25% of CFA –
whichever is greater -- for total
glazing area; and 60 ft2 for
west-facing glazing.
• For additions > 700 ft2: 175 ft2
or 20% of CFA – whichever is
greater -- for total glazing area;
and 70 ft2 or 5% of CFA –
whichever is greater - for west-
facing glazing.
Example 9-8
Question:
I am retrofitting an existing home that includes an 800 ft2 addition. Part of this addition
includes converting a 400 ft2 unconditioned garage to conditioned space and adding a
400 ft2 bedroom above the garage. If complying prescriptively, is QII required for this
addition?
Answer:
Yes. Because this addition, including the conversion of the garage, is greater than 700 ft2,
QII is prescriptively required. If the existing walls of the garage are remaining and the
exterior cladding is not being removed, the QII insulation requirements for window and
door headers in the garage walls and QII air-sealing requirements are not required. For
all new walls and walls that are being replaced, all aspects of QII must be met. If the
performance method is used for compliance, the QII requirements can be traded off with
other efficiency measures to meet compliance. The prescriptive wall insulation
requirements for existing wood framed walls in the garage are R-15 in 2x4 framing and R-
21 in 2x6 framing.
Example 9-9
Question:

A small addition of 75 ft² is planned for a house in Climate Zone 7. An existing porch is
being enclosed by extending the existing 2x4 wood-framed walls. The existing heating
and air-conditioning system will serve the new conditioned space, including an extension
of less than 40 linear feet of new ducts. The contractor wants to follow the prescriptive
requirements. What requirements apply?
Answer:
Because the addition is smaller than 400 ft², the total fenestration area is limited to a
maximum of 75 ft², and west-facing fenestration area is limited to 60 ft². The fenestration
must meet the prescriptive U-factor and SHGC requirements, which are a maximum U-
factor of 0.30 and a maximum SHGC of 0.23 in Climate Zone 7.
In Climate Zone 7, for an addition of this size, insulation requirements are R-30 ceiling
insulation with radiant barrier, and R-19 floor insulation. The new 2x4 walls that are
extensions of existing walls (Figure 9-1), require only R-15 cavity insulation. Any walls
that are not extensions must have a maximum 0.065 U-factor. This can be achieved with
a 2x4 wood-framed wall with R-15 cavity and R-4 continuous insulation. Since the
addition is less than 300 ft2 there is no cool roof requirement.
Since existing heating and cooling equipment is used, that equipment does not have to
meet the mandatory equipment efficiency requirements. Mandatory duct insulation
requirements of §150.0(m) apply to any new ducts, including R-6.0 minimum in
unconditioned space. All other mandatory requirements in §150.0 must be met.
Example 9-10
Question:
If I remove a window from the existing house and reuse this window in an addition to that
house, does the relocated window have to meet the prescriptive requirements?
Answer:
Yes, if using prescriptive compliance, in which case the relocated window must be treated
as a new window and must meet the U-factor and SHGC requirements of §150.1(c)3. If
you use this existing window in the addition, you must use the actual or default U-factor
and SHGC of the window in showing compliance. Therefore, meeting the prescriptive
requirements may not be possible, and performance compliance may be the only option.
Window certification and labeling requirements of §110.6(a) do not apply to existing used
windows.
Relocated windows must also meet the maximum area-weighted average U-factor in
§150.0(q) with the EXCEPTION of up to 10 ft² or 0.5 percent of conditioned floor area,
Prescriptive Mechanical Measures
For a summary and discussion of prescriptive mechanical requirements when
installing new or replacement space-conditioning equipment and/or ducts, see
Section 9.6.2.

Example 9-11
Question:
When using the performance approach for the addition alone, do the refrigerant charge
requirements in §150.1(c)7A and fan airflow and watt draw measurements in
§150.0(m)13 need to be met for existing air conditioners serving an addition?
Answer:
If existing equipment is used to serve the addition, the refrigerant charge, airflow, and
watt draw requirements do not need to be met as specified by Exception 5 to §150.2(a).
However, if added ducts to serve the addition are more than 40 linear feet and they are in
unconditioned space, then the ducts must be tested and verified by a HERS Rater as
described in §150.2(b)1D. All installed ducts regardless of length and location shall be
sealed and meet insulation levels as described in §150.0(m) Items 1 through 6.
If a new system is installed to serve the addition, it must meet all of the requirements for
space conditioning in a new home.

Table 9-2: Envelope Roof/Ceiling Requirements for Prescriptive Additions
Component Additions ≤ 400 ft2 Additions > 400 and Additions > 700 ft2
≤ 700 ft2
CZ 1, 11-16: R-38
Roof/Ceiling Same as ≤ 400 ft2 Option B or C
Insulation CZ 2-10: R-30 [C = require ducts and
air handler to be in
conditioned space]
(see Table 9-3
below).
Roof Products Steep Slope (≥2:12): Same as ≤ 400 ft2 Steep-Sloped (≥2:12):
(Cool Roof) CZ 10-15: Reflectance = CZ 10-15:
0.20 and Emittance = Reflectance =
0.75; or SRI = 16 0.20 and Emittance =
0.75; or SRI = 16
Low-Sloped (<2:12):
CZ 13&15: Reflectance = Low-Sloped (<2:12)
0.63 and Emittance = CZ 13&15:
0.75; or SRI = 75 Reflectance = 0.63
and Emittance =
Exception: Additions ≤ 300 0.75; or SRI = 75
ft2 exempt from cool roof
requirements
Radiant barrier CZ 2-15: Radiant barrier Same as ≤ 400 ft2 CZ 2-15: Radiant
above attic above attic spaces barrier above attic
spaces except when
complying with Option
B (see §150.1(c)2)

Table 9-3: Roof and Ceiling Requirements for Prescriptive Additions
Component Option B – Single Family Option B - Multifamily Option C (CZ 4, 8-16)
Roof Deck Below-deck insulation Below-deck insulation No roof deck insulation

Insulation CZ 4, 8-16: R-19 CZ 4, 8, 9, 11-15: R-19 required
CZ 10, 16: R-13
Radiant Barrier CZ 2-3, 5-7 CZ 2-3, 5-7 CZ 2-15
Roofing Tile roof or other product Tile roof or other product Tile roof or other product
with an air space with an air space with an air space
Ceiling CZ 1, 2, 4, 8-16: R-38 CZ 1, 2, 4, 8-16: R-38 CZ 2-10: R-30

Insulation CZ 3, 5-7: R-30 CZ 3, 5-7: R-30 CZ 1, 11-16: R-38
Duct and Air Attic Attic Conditioned space

Handler
Location
Table 9-4: Envelope Door and Glazing Requirements for Prescriptive Additions
Additions > 400 and

Component Additions ≤ 400 ft2 Additions > 700 ft2
≤ 700 ft2
Allowable total Up to 75 ft2 or 30% of Up to 120 ft2 or 25% of Up to 175 ft2 or 20% of
glazing area conditioned floor area, conditioned floor area, conditioned floor area,
whichever is greater whichever is greater whichever is greater
Allowable west- Up to 60 ft2 Up to 60 ft2 The greater of 70 ft2 or 5% of

facing glazing conditioned floor area in CZ
area: CZ 2, 4, 6-15 2, 4, 6-15
Glazing U-factor & All CZs: U = 0.30 All CZs: U = 0.30 All CZs: U = 0.30
SHGC1 CZ 2, 4 & 6-15: SHGC = CZ 2, 4 & 6-15: SHGC = CZ 2, 4 & 6-15: SHGC =
0.23 0.23 0.23
Opaque door U- U = 0.20 U = 0.20 U = 0.20

factor
1. See §150.0(q) and §150.1(c)3 for new and replaced window and skylight exceptions.

Table 9-5: Envelope Wall/Floor Insulation Requirements for Prescriptive Additions
Additions > 400 and

≤ 700 ft2
Exterior framed CZ 1-5, 8-16: U = 0.048

wall1 insulation – CZ 6-7: U = 0.065 Same as ≤ 400 ft2 Same as ≤ 400 ft2
single-family
Exterior framed CZ 1-5, 8-16: U = 0.051 Same as ≤ 400 ft2 Same as ≤ 400 ft2
wall1 insulation - CZ 6-7: U = 0.065
multifamily
Extension of
existing wood-
framed wall
Or
R-15 in 2x4 wood framing
Same as ≤ 400 ft2 Same as ≤ 400 ft2
R-21 in 2x6 wood framing
Existing wood-
framed wall with
exterior siding (or
cladding) to remain
Raised floor1 All CZs: R-19 or U = 0.037 Same as ≤ 400 ft2 Same as ≤ 400 ft2
insulation
Slab floor1 CZ 1-15: No requirement Same as ≤ 400 ft2 Same as ≤ 400 ft2
CZ 16: R-7 or U = 0.58
perimeter
insulation
1. See Table 150.1-A and 150.1-B for requirements for floors and walls including mass walls.

Table 9-6: QII Requirements for Prescriptive Additions
Additions > 400 and

≤700 ft2
Single-family additions No requirement No requirement All CZs: Required

– new structure (Does not apply to any altered
spaces)
Multifamily additions – No requirement No requirement CZ 1-6, 8-16: Required

new structure CZ 7: No requirement
(Does not apply to any altered
spaces)
Same as above except:
Converting No requirement No requirement
• Window and door header
unconditioned to
insulation
conditioned space
• Air sealing if the existing air
barrier is not removed or
replaced

Table 9-7: HVAC Requirements for Prescriptive Additions
Additions > 400

and ≤ 700 ft2
Ventilation cooling1 No Requirement Same requirements Additions ≤ 1000 ft2 – no

(whole-house fan) as ≤ 400 ft2 requirement
Additions > 1,000 ft2: CZ 8-14 -

required
Adding new space All prescriptive requirements Same requirements All except requirement for
conditioning as ≤ 400 ft2 ducts in conditioned space2
system(s)
Replacing existing All prescriptive requirements Same requirements All except requirement for
space conditioning as ≤ 400 ft2 ducts in conditioned space2
system(s)
Adding all new All prescriptive requirements Same requirements All except requirement for
complete duct as ≤ 400 ft2 ducts in conditioned space2
system(s)
Extending existing All duct insulation, duct system Same requirements All duct insulation, duct system
duct system(s) by > sealing, and HERS verification as ≤ 400 ft2 sealing, and HERS verification,
40 feet Except requirements for ducts
in conditioned space2
1. (Note: also, mandatory mechanical ventilation per ASHRAE 62.2 with HERS verification for additions >
1,000 ft2)
2. For more information about ducts in conditioned space, see Section 3.5.3.5.
9.4.2 Water Heating System

If an addition increases the number of water heaters serving a dwelling unit, the
addition can comply prescriptively if one of the conditions contained in §150.2(a)1Di
or ii are met. The most common option is a natural gas or propane tankless water
heater.
For a complete list of options, see Chapter 5.
9.4.3 Alterations – Prescriptive/Mandatory Requirements

This section provides a road map and a few relevant summaries that identify the
requirements unique to alterations. Envelope, mechanical, and water-heating system
alterations must meet all applicable mandatory requirements and comply with either
the prescriptive or performance approach. If a building does not meet all applicable
prescriptive measures, then the performance method using of approved compliance
software is the alternative. This section describes the mandatory requirements for
low-rise residential buildings as they apply to additions and alterations. More
information on the mandatory measures can be found in Chapters 3, 4, 5, and 6.

Residential lighting alterations need to meet applicable mandatory measures. There

are no prescriptive lighting requirements in residential buildings.
Although alterations must meet many of the same prescriptive requirements for new
construction and additions, there are several exceptions or special allowances for
certain types of alterations.
9.4.4 Envelope Alterations

This section summarizes requirements for many typical residential envelope
alterations.

Table 9-8: For Residential Alterations, Summary of Mandatory and Prescriptive Measures
Envelope Alteration Applicable Mandatory Summary of Relevant Exception(s) to the

Type Measures1 Prescriptive Measure(s)2 Prescriptive Measures
Adding ceiling
Ceiling w/ attic and roof
insulation to an
rafters: R-19, U=0.054
existing roof; or a N/A N/A
§150.0(a)
new roof on an
existing building
In 2x4 framing: R-13, U=0.102
Adding exterior
In 2x6 framing: R-20, U=0.071
framed wall Same as mandatory N/A
insulation Exception: 2x4 framing
already insulated to R-11
or greater per §150.0(c)1
Mass/concrete See §150.1(c) for Same as mandatory N/A
walls applicable climate zone
(a) Air space 1.0" between
roof deck and bottom of
roofing product
(b) Profile ratio of rise to
width of 1:5 for >50% width
of roofing product.
Replacing > 50% of (c) Existing ducts in attic
existing roof surface, insulated and sealed per
Steep-Sloped (≥ 2:12):
including adding a §150.1(c)9.
§110.8(i) CZ 10-15: Reflectance ≥ 0.20 and
new surface layer on Emittance ≥ 0.75; or SRI ≥ 16
top of existing (d) Roof has ≥ R-38 ceiling
exterior surface insulation.
(e) Roof has a radiant
barrier per §150.1(c)2.
(f) No ducts in attic.

(g) In CZ10-15, >R-2.0
insulation above roof deck
Replacing > 50% of
existing roof surface, (a) There are no ducts in the attic.
Low-Sloped (< 2:12): CZ13 & 15:
including adding a Reflectance ≥ 0.63; Emittance ≥ (b) Reflectance and roof deck
new surface layer on §110.8(i) insulation R-value in Table 150.2-B
0.75; or SRI ≥ 75
top of existing are met.
exterior surface
Table 9-8: For Residential Alterations, Summary of Mandatory and Prescriptive Measures (continued)


9.4.4.1 Replacing the Roof Surface or Roof Sheathing (Partial or Entire
Replacement)
A. Steep-Sloped Roofs (> 2:12)
In Climate Zones 10 through 15, if 50 percent or more of the roof surface of an
existing building is being replaced, the minimum cool roof requirement for the
replaced steep-sloped roofing area shall have an aged solar reflectance of 0.20,
thermal emittance equal to 0.75, or a minimum SRI of 16. The requirements above
apply unless one of the following is present (considered equivalent to the cool roof
requirements in §150.2[b]1Ii):
1. Air space of 1.0" (25mm) between the roof deck and the bottom of the roofing
product.
2. Roofing product profile ratio of rise to width is at least 1:5 for >50 percent
width of roofing product.
3. Existing ducts in attic are insulated and sealed according to §150.1(c)9.

4. Building has at least R-38 roof/ceiling insulation.
5. Roof of attic spaces has a radiant barrier according to §150.1(c)2.
6. There are no ducts in the attic space.
7. In Climate Zones 10 through 15, there is greater than R-2.0 insulation above
the roof deck.
B. Low-Sloped Roofs (< 2:12)

In Climate Zones 13 and 15, if 50 percent or more of the roof surface of an existing
building is being replaced, the minimum cool roof requirements for low-sloped roofs
shall have an aged solar reflectance of 0.63, thermal emittance of 0.75, or a
minimum SRI of 75 per §150.2(b)1Iii. These apply unless one of the following is
present, which is considered equivalent to the cool roof requirements in
§150.2(b)1Iii:
1. There are no ducts in any attic space.
2. The aged solar reflectance can be traded off with additional insulation added
at the roof deck as specified in Table 150.2-B of the Energy Standards.
Table 9-9: Aged Solar Reflectance Insulation Trade Off
Aged Solar Roof Deck Aged Solar Roof Deck
Reflectance Insulation R-value Reflectance Insulation R-value
0.62 - 0.60 2 0.44 – 0.40 12
0.59 - 0.55 4 0.39 – 0.35 16
0.54 - 0.50 6 0.34 – 0.30 20

0.49 - 0.45 8 0.29 – 0.25 24
C. Roofing Products: Cool Roof

Cool roofs are not just white roofs but are products (tile, asphalt shingles, etc.)
designed to reflect much of the sun's radiant energy back into space instead of
transferring it as heat into the building below. The two basic characteristics that
determine the performance of a cool roof are solar reflectance and thermal
emittance. These roofing products must be certified by the Cool Roof Rating Council
(www.coolroofs.org) per §10-113 and §110.8(i).
A cool roof requires the roofing product manufacturer to test for solar reflectance and
thermal emittance and be listed in the Cool Roof Rating Councils (CRRC) Rated
Product Directory. Figure 9-4Error! Reference source not found. provides an
example of an approved CRRC product label.
Figure 9-4: CRRC Product Label and Information
If the aged value for the reflectance is not available in the CRRC Rated Product
Directory, the equation below is used.
Equation 9-1: Aged Reflectance
Aged Reflectancecalculated = (0.2+β[initial – 0.2])
Where:
initial = Initial Reflectance listed in the CRRC Rated Product Directory
β = soiling resistance value listed in Table 9-10
Table 9-10: Soiling Resistance Value β, by Product Type
PRODUCT TYPE β
Field-applied coating 0.65
Other 0.70
Since this is not a mandatory requirement, if prescriptive compliance for a given roof
slope and climate zone require a minimum reflectance and emittance, you can either
meet one of the exceptions above or use the performance compliance approach to
use some other building feature to trade off the requirement.

Example 9-12
Question:
There is a Victorian building that has been converted into an office building and needs to
have a shake roof replacement. This building has a vented unconditioned attic with the
insulation on the ceiling. Would I need to meet §150.2(b)Hi?
Answer:
No, this section does not apply. The occupancy type has been changed to nonresidential.
Since the Victorian building has a shake roof and is considered a steep-sloped roof,
§141.0(b)2Bib for nonresidential buildings would apply.
Example 9-13
Question:
On an existing building, 50 ft2 of 85 ft2 of vertical glazing is being removed from an
existing south-facing wall and new glazing will be replaced as part of the alteration in the
same opening. What requirements apply?
Answer:
Since 50 ft2 is “replacement” fenestration and 35 ft2 is existing, the replaced fenestration
must comply with the §150.2(b)1B. For this example, Exception 1 to §150.2(b)1B can
used. This allows vertical fenestration no greater than 75 ft2 to meet have a U-factor no
greater than 0.40 in Climate Zones 1-16 and an SHGC of 0.35 or less in Climate Zones 2,
4, and 6 through 15.
9.4.4.2 Insulating Existing Roof/Ceilings, Walls, and Raised Floors

When insulation is added to an existing ceiling of an existing conditioned space, at
least R-19 (or a maximum U-factor of 0.054) is required in all climate zones. When
insulating a rafter roof, at least R-19 (maximum U-factor of 0.054) is required.
When a roof surface is altered, if the space between framing members becomes
accessible, the ceiling/roof is considered altered, and insulation is required.
The prescriptive requirement for alterations to walls and floors is to add the
equivalent of the specified level of insulation that fits within the cavity of wood-
framed assemblies:
1. R-13 in 2x4 exterior walls, and R-20 in 2x6 or greater exterior walls (no exterior
continuous insulation is required); or
2. Existing 2x4 exterior walls that already have R-11 insulation installed in framed
walls are exempt from the mandatory minimum R-13 wall insulation required by
§150.0(c)6; or
3. R-19 in raised floors over crawl spaces, over open outdoor areas, unheated
basements, and garages.

9.4.4.3 Fenestration
A. Replacement Fenestration
Any fenestration (i.e., windows, skylights, clerestories, and glazed doors) that is
being removed and replaced in an exterior wall or roof is considered “replacement
fenestration.”
Replacement fenestration is an area of new fenestration that replaces an equal or
lesser area of glazing removed in the same existing wall or roof area. It is labeled as
“altered” fenestration, and it need not occur in the same openings as the glazing
being removed as long as it is being installed in the same existing wall or roof
surface that remains a part of the existing building. Any added fenestration area that
is larger than the total altered glazing area is labeled as “new.”
B. New Fenestration in Alterations

The Energy Standards have relaxed some of the prescriptive restrictions on new
vertical fenestration for alterations in existing homes. When new vertical fenestration
is added in existing dwellings, up to 75 ft² are not required to meet the overall total
fenestrations limit (20 percent of the CFA) and the west facing area limit (5 percent
of the CFA). This provides for additional flexibility to meet the Energy Standards
requirements using the prescriptive approach, without having to comply using the
performance approach. However, this additional fenestration must meet the
prescriptive U-factor and SHGC requirements or meet the U-factor and SHGC
requirements of Exceptions 1 and 2 to §150.2(b)1B.
C. Greenhouse Windows
Greenhouse or garden windows are special windows that project from the façade of
the building and are typically five-sided structures. An NFRC-rated U-factor for
greenhouse windows is typically high and may not meet the mandatory requirements
for the fenestration U-factor of 0.58.
To meet this mandatory measure, greenhouse windows:
1. Must have a maximum U-factor of 0.58 or better; or
2. Must use the area-weighted average for all new and replacement fenestration
with a combined mandatory maximum of 0.58 U-factor as per §150.0(q)2; or
3. Must meet the Exception 1 to §150.0(q)1 for up to 10 ft2 or 0.5 percent of CFA,
D. Labeling, Certification, and Other Mandatory Requirements

See Chapter 3 for a full list of mandatory requirements for certification and labeling
for fenestration products and exterior doors (§110.6), and air leakage requirements
(§110.7).
Example 9-14
Question:

An alteration in Climate Zone 12 is to move an existing 25 ft2 window to another location
within the same existing wall. What prescriptive requirements does the relocated window
need to meet?
Answer:
Removing glazing from an existing wall and reinserting up to the same area of glazing in
a different opening is an alteration, covered by §150.2(b)1B. Exception 1 to §150.2(b)1B
states that up to 75 ft2 of vertical replacement fenestration is allowed to meet a
prescriptive requirement of 0.40 U-factor and 0.35 SHGC.
Example 9-15
Question:
For additions and alterations that include a greenhouse window (also known as garden
window), how do I measure the fenestration area? What U-factor and SHGC
requirements apply to a greenhouse window?
Answer:
The area of a greenhouse windows is the rough opening in the wall.
The default U-factor for greenhouse windows does not meet the mandatory maximum
fenestration U-factor of 0.58 (there is no mandatory SHGC requirement). A metal-framed
greenhouse window from Table 110.6-A has a 1.40 U-factor and the default SHGC from
Table 110.6-B is 0.73 (for fixed, clear glass). By comparison, fenestration in prescriptive
additions has to meet the prescriptive U-factor of 0.30 for all climate zones and an SHGC
of 0.23 in all climate zones except 1, 3, 5, and 16, which have no SHGC requirement.
There are two options to meet the mandatory U-factor requirement: (1) up to 30 ft2 is
exempt (§150.0[q], Exception 2), and (2) a weighted-average U-factor with other
fenestration products is allowed.
For additions and alterations, Exception 1 to §150.2(b) allows any dual-pane greenhouse
window to meet the prescriptive U-factor requirement (separate from the mandatory
requirement). This makes it possible for greenhouse windows to comply as part of a
prescriptive alteration if there is no SHGC requirement (Climate Zones 1, 3, 5, and 16).
For climate zones with an SHGC requirement, if other windows are being altered, a
weight-average SHGC may be calculated, or performance compliance is an option for
achieving compliance. Compliance will likely depend on higher-than-average energy
efficiency for some other components of the project to offset the poor performance of the
greenhouse windows.
For other alternatives, see Chapter 3.
Example 9-16
Question:
An existing house in Climate Zone 12 has all single-pane windows. Most of the windows
(300 ft2 total) will be replaced within existing openings. One existing 30 ft2 window is
being replaced with a pair of 40 ft2 French doors. What requirements apply to this project?

Answer:
For prescriptive compliance, replacement fenestration (equal to or less than the area of
existing windows in each wall being altered) and added fenestration area must meet the
U-factor (0.30) and SHGC (0.23) in Table 150.1-A or B. There are only 10 ft2 of added
fenestration, so the project meets Exception 1 to §150.2(b)1A and is not required to meet
the prescriptive total glazing area requirement. All installed fenestration also must meet
applicable mandatory measures.
For performance compliance:
(a) Using the Existing + Alterations approach without third-party verification, replacement
fenestration that achieves the fenestration values in Table 150.2-C of the Energy
Standards is compared to those same values in the standard design. Replacement
fenestration that does not reach these values is penalized.
(b) Using the Existing + Alterations approach with third-party verification, replacement
fenestration that achieves the fenestration values in Table 150.2-C of the Energy
Standards is compared to Tables 110.6-A and 110.6-B default values for the existing
fenestration condition. Replacement fenestration that does not reach these values is
penalized.
Example 9-17
Question:
An existing building has all single-pane, metal-frame windows. A proposed remodel will
replace all the windows; no other work is being done as part of the remodel. What
applies?
Answer:
All replacement windows must meet the prescriptive requirements (§150.2[b]1B), and
new fenestration must meet applicable mandatory measures of §110.6, §110.7, and
§150.0.
If the prescriptive requirements cannot be met, the Existing + Alteration performance
method can be used.
Example 9-18
Question:
An existing building has all single-pane, wood-framed windows. In addition to replacing
more than 75 ft2 of window area, two double-pane, metal-frame greenhouse windows will
be added. How should the greenhouse windows be shown to comply using the
prescriptive standards?
Answer:

Greenhouse windows add conditioned volume but do not add conditioned floor area.
There are three unique requirements (1) prescriptive SHGC, (2) prescriptive U-factor, and
(3) mandatory U-factor. Any dual-glazed greenhouse windows installed as part of an
alteration must meet any SHGC requirements (0.23 or lower in Climate Zones 2, 4, 6-15,
no requirement in other climate zones). While the prescriptive U-factor requirements do
not apply (§150.2[b] Exception 1), all applicable mandatory measures must be met. This
includes §150.0(q), which requires a maximum weighted average U-factor of 0.58 or less.
Exception 2 exempts up to 30 ft2 from this requirement.
Example 9-19
Question:
Why is the low-sloped roofing products requirement listed for only Climate Zones 13 and
15?
Answer:
These two climate zones are the only climate zones that show energy cost-effectiveness
for having a low-slope roofing product (cool roof) requirement.
Example 9-20
Question:
Why are there so many exceptions to the addition and alterations section that can be
considered equivalents to roofing products?
Answer:
There are several energy features that are equivalent or having a greater impact on
energy savings than the roofing products. For example, older homes often have ducts
under the house, and newer homes may have materials slightly below current
requirements or equal to one of the items considered to be equivalent. If the ducts are
insulated and air leakage controlled to meet current requirements, energy savings are
expected to be at least equal the benefit of reflective roof coverings.
Example 9-21
Question:
What happens if I have a low-slope roof on most of the house but a steep-sloped roof on
another portion? Do I have to meet two criteria for the roofing products?
Answer:
Yes. If your house is in Climate Zone 13 or 15, you will need to meet the low-slope criteria
for the areas with low slope. The areas with the steep-slope roof will need to meet the
other cool roof criteria.
Example 9-22

Question:
I am replacing my existing wood shake roof with asphalt shingles. Would this be
considered a repair?
Answer:
No. A repair is defined as a reconstruction or renewal for maintenance of any component,
system, or equipment of an existing building. A replacement of any component (i.e., roof-
top), system, or equipment for which there are requirements in the Energy Standards is
considered an alteration and not a repair.
Example 9-23
Question:
If a radiant barrier is required for my addition, where does it need to be installed?
Answer:
The radiant barrier needs to be installed only on the underside of an attic roof assembly
and the gable wall ends associated with the addition.
Example 9-24
Question:
I am considering reroofing my house. Under what conditions will I be required to put on a
cool roof?
Answer:
Cool roof requirements are triggered when 50 percent or more of the roof area is being
replaced. Prescriptive requirements are waived if one of the exceptions to §150.2(b)1H
below applies:
Prescriptive Exceptions for Steep-Sloped Roofs
1. Air-space of 1.0 inch (25 mm) is provided between the top of the roof deck and the
bottom of the roofing product.
2. The installed roofing product has a profile ratio of rise to width of 1 to 5 for 50 percent
or greater of the width of the roofing product.
3. If existing ducts in the attic are insulated and sealed according to §150.1(c)9.
4. Buildings have at least R-38 ceiling insulation.
5. Buildings have an attic radiant barrier meeting the requirements of §150.1(c)2.
6. Buildings have no ducts in the attic.
7. Buildings are in Climate Zones 10-15, R-2 or greater insulation above the roof deck.
Prescriptive Exceptions for Low-Sloped Roofs
1. Buildings have no ducts in the attic.

2. Aged solar reflectance and roof deck insulation R-value in Table 150.2-A are met.
Alternatively, the building may show compliance using the performance approach.
Example 9-25
Question:
I am building a 450 ft² addition on my house. Do I have to meet cool roof requirements in
the prescriptive package?
Answer:
Yes. Once the addition exceeds 300 ft2, if using prescriptive compliance is in a climate
zone with a cool roof requirement, the roof must meet the requirements for the type of
roof slope. To avoid the cool roof requirements for this addition, you may use the
performance approach and trade-off against other energy efficiency features of the
addition alone or the existing building by using the Existing + Addition + Alterations
approach.
9.4.5 Water Heating Alterations

For a replacement water heater, there are separate requirements for the distribution
system and the water heater. The requirements for pipe insulation are mandatory
and cannot be traded off. For the distribution system and the water heater, if the
prescriptive requirements cannot be met, then the performance compliance method
can be used to comply.
The mandatory pipe insulation requirement includes the following:
1. Any newly installed piping must meet mandatory insulation requirements in
§150.0(j)2.
2. Any accessible existing piping must be insulated on (1) the first 5 feet of cold
water pipes from the storage tank, and (2) all hot water piping less than ¾-
inch that is:
(a) Associated hot water recirculation system.
(b) Piping from the heating source to the kitchen.
(c) Piping from the heating source to a storage tank.
(d) Or piping that is buried below grade.
To meet the prescriptive requirements, the replacement water heater must be one of
the following:
1. Any natural gas or propane water heater
2. If there is no natural gas connected to the existing water heater location, a
consumer electric water heater
3. In Climate Zones 1-15, a single heat pump water heater meeting NEEA Tier 3
or higher specifications with the tank located in an unconditioned space like
the garage or in conditioned space

4. In Climate Zones 1-15, a single heat pump water heater, (1) located in an
unconditioned space like the garage or in conditioned space, (2) placed on an
incompressible (rigid) surface that is insulated to a minimum R-10, and (3)
installed with a communication interface (demand control device) meeting
§110.12(a).
If a recirculation system is installed, then it must be a demand recirculation system
with a manual on/off control to meet the prescriptive requirements.
9.4.5.1 Trouble-shooting Water Heater Problems

If installing a recirculation system to reduce the long wait time for hot water, the only
system type allowed in an alteration is a demand recirculation system with manual
on/off controls. Any other alteration to the hot water distribution system, such as
timer or temperature control recirculation systems, must be analyzed using the
performance compliance approach to show that the energy use of the building has
not been increased.
Another alternative is to install a natural gas or propane instantaneous (tankless)
water heater closer to the fixtures having problems. Any other type of water heater
may be installed as long as compliance is demonstrated using the performance
compliance approach. (See Section 9.5.)
For more information on any of these requirements, see Chapter 5.
Example 9-26
Question:
I want to install an additional water heater to a single-family home with an existing natural
gas water heater. Does this comply?
Answer:
It depends on the type of water heater. An instantaneous gas or propane water heater
complies with §150.2(a)1D. For prescriptive compliance, the same options allowed for
new construction are allowed for an addition (See Chapter 5). Otherwise performance
compliance may be used to demonstrate compliance.
Example 9-27
Question:
An existing 1,500 ft² single-family home is getting a 500 ft² addition. A new 50-gallon gas
water heater will replace the existing water heating system. How do the water heating
requirements apply?
Answer:
Because this is an alteration or replacement (§150.2[b]1H) of an existing water heating
system, this proposed replacement meets the requirement of §150.2(b)1Hiiia.

Any applicable mandatory measures must also be met. For newly installed piping, all the
applicable insulation requirements of §150.0(j)2 shall be met. For existing piping that is
accessible, the insulation requirements §150.0(j)2 shall be met, which includes the first
five feet of cold water lines from the storage tank and all hot water piping. If building
energy compliance is achieved with the existing + addition + alterations calculation, the
UEF or EF and other energy features of the altered water heating system are modeled in
the performance method.
Example 9-28
Question:
An existing 2,000 ft² single-family house has one 50-gallon gas water heater, and a 600
ft² addition with a new instantaneous gas water heater is proposed. How does this
comply?
Answer:
When there is an increase in the number of water heaters with an addition, the Energy
Standards allow addition-alone compliance in certain circumstances. An instantaneous
gas water heater is one of those circumstances. Compliance with applicable mandatory
requirements is also needed.
The alternative to show compliance is by using the existing-plus-addition or whole-
building compliance.
Example 9-29
Question:
An existing single-family home with one electric water heater has a 500 ft² addition with a
30-gallon electric water heater proposed. Does this comply with prescriptive addition
requirements?
Answer:
No. When there is an increase in the number of water heaters with an addition, the
prescriptive compliance option is to meet the same requirements as for new construction.
The only electric option is a heat pump water heater. (See §150.1[c]8iv or v for a full list of
requirements, or Chapter 5 of this manual.)
Performance compliance may be possible. There is a significant penalty for electric
resistance water heating.
9.4.6 HVAC System Alterations

If the heating and cooling system is unchanged as part of an addition or alteration,
compliance for the HVAC system is not necessary. Changing, altering, or replacing
any component of a system often triggers a requirement to seal the ducts. A HERS
Rater verifies the duct leakage is less than 15 percent. However, since the ducts are
existing, if 15 percent leakage is not feasible, there are alternatives, including all

accessible leaks being sealed and confirmed by a visual inspection (Section

150.2[b]1E).
Extending ducts to condition an addition is not an alteration, however if more than 40
feet of new ductwork is installed in unconditioned space, Section 150.2(b)1D
contains duct leakage requirements.
When the duct system is entirely new or a complete replacement, then mandatory
and prescriptive requirements apply. (See below.)
9.4.6.1 HVAC "Changeouts"

The Energy Standards make a distinction between two HVAC "changeout"
situations:
1. Entirely new or complete replacement space conditioning systems
2. Altered space conditioning systems
A. Entirely New or Complete Replacement Space Conditioning Systems

An entirely new or complete replacement must meet all applicable mandatory
measures. (See Chapter 4.)
Completely new or replacement duct systems in multifamily dwelling units must meet
the 12 percent (total leakage protocol) or 6 percent (leakage to outside protocol)
criteria used for newly constructed systems (may also use the smoke test protocol if
the system does not meet these criteria) (§150.2[b]1DiiaII). Otherwise, altered duct
systems in multifamily dwelling units shall meet the 15 percent (total leakage
protocol), 10 percent (leakage to outside protocol), or smoke test criteria given in
§150.2(b)1DiiaIIB.
A system installed in an existing dwelling as part of an alteration shall be considered
entirely new when:
1. The air handler and all the system heating/cooling equipment (e.g., outdoor
condensing unit and indoor cooling or heating coil for split systems; or complete
replacement of a package unit), are new.
2. The duct system is entirely new (including systems with less than 40 feet in
length).
B. Duct Systems – Altered or New
Whether a duct system is altered or new affects which mandatory requirements
apply and duct leakage requirements. An altered duct system installed in an existing
home is entirely new when:
1. At least 75 percent of the duct material is new.
2. All remaining components from the previous system are accessible and can be
sealed.
Entirely new or complete replacement systems must meet mandatory requirements
including:

1. Section 150.0(m)12 – air filtration requirements.
2. Section 150.0(m)13 – HSPP/PSPP, airflow and fan efficacy requirements (or

alternative return duct sizing as per Table 150.0-B and C).
These requirements are detailed in Chapter 4.
Altered duct systems that are not entirely new or complete replacements are treated
as an extension of an existing system.
C. New and Altered Duct System – Insulation

When any new ducts are installed in an unconditioned space, the duct must be
insulated to a minimum R-value as described in Table 9-11.
Table 9-11: Duct Minimum R-Value
Climate Zone 1 -10, 12 & 13 11, 14 -16
Duct R-value R-6 R-8
When more than 40 linear feet of ducts are installed in conditioned space, the ducts
must be insulated to the minimum mandatory insulation level of R-4.2 and be verified
to be in conditioned space by both visual verification and diagnostic testing in
accordance to RA3.1.4.3.8.
D. Duct Sealing
Duct systems meet duct sealing requirements found in Table RA3.1-2.
A new duct system may include an existing air handler, which leaks substantially
more than new equipment. If the 5 percent leakage rate criteria cannot be met, a
smoke test should be performed to verify that the excess leakage is non-accessible
and not from other accessible portions of the duct system. The protocol for the
smoke test for accessible-duct sealing is given in RA3.1.4.3.7.
If 40 feet of duct are being added or replaced, this work alone can trigger the
requirement for duct sealing and field verification. The system would have to meet
one of the leakage criteria for “altered existing systems” cases in Table RA3.1-2.
All climate zones require that existing duct systems must be sealed by the installer
and verified by a HERS Rater when portions of the heating and cooling system are
altered.
When an air handler is installed or replaced, ducts must be sealed (as described
below) under any of the following conditions:
1. An outdoor condensing unit of a split system air conditioner or heat pump is
installed or replaced.
2. A packaged system is completely replaced.
3. A cooling or heating coil is installed or replaced.
4. More than 40 feet of new or replacement ducts are installed.

If a residence has more than one duct system, only the ducts connected to the
altered equipment need to be sealed and verified.
There are three options for showing compliance for existing duct systems listed
below. The HERS Rater or installing contractor must at least attempt compliance
with the first option (15 percent leakage); then any of the other options can be used:
1. Total leakage is less than 15 percent of nominal system fan airflow
(RA3.1.4.3.1).
2. Leakage to the outside is less than 10 percent of system fan airflow
(RA3.1.4.3.4).
3. If the first option (15 percent) leakage target cannot be met, then compliance
can be achieved by sealing all accessible leaks verified by a HERS Rater
inspection. When using this option, sampling is not allowed (RA3.1.4.3.5-7).
• HERS field verification is required for all options listed above. For Options 1, and
2, verification can be accomplished through sampling as described in Sampling
for Additions or Alterations below. For Option 3, sampling is not allowed; a
certified HERS Rater must do the visual inspection and the smoke test on every
house.
• Since test equipment must be set up for Option 1, it may be most efficient to test
and record the results and then attempt to meet each option sequentially until
compliance is achieved.
• There are a few cases where duct sealing and duct leakage verification are not
required. These exceptions include:
o Ducts that have already been sealed, tested, and certified by a HERS
Rater.
o Duct systems with less than 40 feet of duct.
o Duct systems that are insulated or sealed with asbestos.
If altered ducts, heating or cooling equipment, or plenums are in a garage, the duct
sealing requirements (not limited to 40 feet of new duct) are one of the following:
1. Leakage is less than or equal to 6 percent or air handler airflow (RA3.1.4.3.1).

2. All accessible leaks in the garage space are sealed, and both a visual
verification and smoke test are performed by a HERS Rater using methods
from RA3.1.4.3.5.
E. Accessible Ducts
Some judgment is required in determining if ducts are accessible. The local code
enforcement agency will have the final say when it is not immediately obvious.
F. Refrigerant Charge Verification
In Climate Zones 2 and 8 through 15, when a refrigerant-containing component of an
air conditioner or heat pump is replaced or installed in an existing building,

§150.2(b)1F requires a system that does not have a fault indicator display (FID)
installed to have refrigerant charge field verified in accordance with all applicable
procedures specified in RA3.2.2, or RA1.
1. Minimum Airflow. When RCV is required for compliance, the system must also
comply with the minimum airflow of 300 cfm/ton according to the procedures
specified in RA3.3.
Entirely new or complete replacement space-conditioning systems, as specified
in §150.2(b)1C, must meet the minimum 350 cfm/ton airflow rate compliance
criterion or the duct design alternative specified in §150.0(m)13.
2. Thermostats. When an existing system has a refrigerant containing component
added or replaced, the thermostat must be upgraded to a digital setback type
that meets §110.2(c)
G. System Replacements
See Chapter 4 for HVAC system replacement details for entirely new or complete
replacements.
Prescriptive compliance requires new heating systems be limited to gas, propane, or
the existing fuel type. The exception to this is a heat pump (§150.2[b]1G).
Example 9-30
Question:
Do I have to seal the ducts if I replace the outdoor units in my house without changing the
indoor unit?
Answer:
Yes. Replacing the outdoor unit (or indoor unit) by itself will trigger the duct sealing and
verification requirement. The alteration requirements differ from new construction
requirements. (See §150.2[b]1Ei through iii for the requirements and exceptions.)
Example 9-31
Question:
I have an existing electric furnace and I’m adding a new bedroom. Can I extend the
existing ducts to the new room and use the existing furnace?
Answer:
Yes. If ducts are extended from an existing space-conditioning system, §150.2(b)1Diib
includes three options for showing prescriptive compliance when more than 40 feet of
new duct work is installed. The existing furnace must have adequate heating capacity to
meet California Building Code requirements for the additional space.
Example 9-32
Question:

I am adding a bedroom to a house that has a central forced-air natural gas furnace. I
would like to heat the room with an electric resistance baseboard heater rather than
extend the existing ductwork to reach the new space. Is this allowed?
Answer:
Not using prescriptive compliance. This is only possible if using performance compliance
and the relatively high energy consumption of the electric resistance heater is made up by
reductions from other energy efficiency measures in the addition or in an accompanying
alteration.
Note: If there are more than 40 linear feet of added ducts, the ducts must be sealed,
tested, and verified as sealed by a HERS Rater.
Example 9-33
Question:
My central gas furnace stopped working. If I get a new efficient unit rather than repair the
existing one, what are the requirements?
Answer:
Mandatory requirements apply to the components being replaced. The furnace must meet
minimum efficiency requirements, but all systems sold in California should already meet
the minimum efficiency requirements. If the new system includes mechanical cooling, and
the existing thermostat is not a setback thermostat, it must be replaced with a setback
thermostat (§150.2[b]1Fi).
All new ducts must meet insulation and construction requirements. All existing and new
ducts must be sealed and HERS-verified, as specified §150.2(b)1E.
Prescriptively, the new heating unit must be natural gas or a heat pump. A CF1R-ALT-02
or 03 form can be completed by you or your mechanical contractor. If HERS requirements
apply this is done at the HERS Provider’s web-site.
Example 9-34
Question:
As part of an upgrade in an existing house, one of the ducts is being replaced because of
deterioration of the insulation. What requirements apply to the replacement duct?
Answer:
This is an alteration to the space-conditioning system; therefore, the mandatory measures
for ducts apply. If more than 40 feet of the duct is altered, the requirements of
§150.2(b)1D trigger diagnostic testing and HERS verification of the duct system.
Example 9-35
Question:

An upflow air-handling unit with a furnace and air conditioning coil is located on a platform
in the garage of an existing house. The platform is used as a return air plenum. The air-
handling unit is being replaced, and the platform is being repositioned to the corner of the
garage (three feet away from the current location). What requirements apply to this
alteration?
Answer:
The mandatory requirements apply to this alteration. In particular, §150.0(m) prohibits
raised platforms or building cavities from being used to convey conditioned air (including
return air and supply air). When the platform is relocated, it is being altered, and the
mandatory requirement applies. Ducts made from sheet metal, duct board, or flexible
ducts must be installed to carry the return air to the replaced air handler.
Since the air handler is being replaced the prescriptive duct sealing requirements of
§150.2(b)1D and E, which apply to ducts in garage spaces, would require either 6 percent
duct leakage or a visual inspection and smoke test. (See Section 9.4.6.1.)
Example 9-36
Question:
What is meant by the term "air handler"?
Answer:
The term "air handler" is used to identify the system component that provides the central
system forced-air movement for the ducted heating or cooling space-conditioning system.
The term "air handler" may be properly used to identify various types of central system
forced-air-moving components that must meet the functional requirements for different
types of space-conditioning systems. For instance, a "gas furnace" air handler includes a
gas combustion heat exchanger and the central system fan, but does not include a direct
expansion (DX) cooling coil; an "electric furnace" air handler has electric heating coils and
the central system fan, but does not include a DX cooling coil; a "fan-coil unit" air handler
for a split system heat pump has a DX cooling/heating coil and a central system fan; a
“hydronic heat pump” air handler includes the air-side DX coil, compressor, water-cooled
condenser, and the central system fan. There are other air handler configuration
variations as well.
Example 9-37
Question:
I have a residential building that was constructed in the 1920s. It has a freestanding gas
furnace, and I want to change it to an electric wall heater. Is this permitted?
Answer:
No. Section 150.2(b)1Cii states that the new space-conditioning system be limited to
natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, or the existing fuel type. The only electric option is a
heat pump.

9.4.7 Mechanical Ventilation

The whole-building ventilation airflow requirement in ASHRAE 62.2 is required only
in new buildings, new dwelling units, and buildings with additions greater than 1,000
ft2. However, all other mechanical ventilation requirements in §150(o), including local
exhaust, must be met, as applicable, in all additions and alterations.
If an addition to an existing building adds a new dwelling unit, indoor air quality
requirements of §150.0(o) apply to the new dwelling unit (§150.2[a]1Cii).
When an addition is greater than 1,000 ft2, the mechanical ventilation airflow rate is
based on the conditioned floor area of the entire existing and new floor area of the
dwelling unit (§150.2[a]1Ci).
When whole-building ventilation airflow is required for compliance, field verification
and diagnostic testing of airflow performance are required in accordance with the
procedures in Residential Appendix RA3.7. In that case, a Certificate of Compliance
CF1R form must be registered online with a HERS Provider. (See Section 2.5 and
Appendix A.)
9.4.8 Lighting Measures

Highlights of the residential lighting measures are listed below. All residential indoor
and outdoor lighting measures are mandatory. Details of the 2019 Energy Standards
residential lighting requirements can be found in Chapter 6.
1. Luminaire (light fixture) requirements, see §150.0(k)1, Section 6.2
2. Indoor lighting controls, see §150.0(k)2, Section 6.3
3. Lighting in bathrooms, garages, laundry rooms, and utility rooms, see
§150.0(k)2J, Section 6.3.3
4. Recessed downlight fixtures, see §150.0(k)1C, Section 6.2.3
5. Outdoor lighting, see §150.0(k)3, Section 6.5
6. Internally illuminated address signs, see §150.0(k)4, Section 6.5.4
7. Residential garages for eight or more vehicles, see §150.0(k)5, Section 6.6
8. Interior common areas of low-rise multifamily buildings, see §150.0(k)6, Section
6.4
Altered lighting and any newly installed lighting equipment are required to comply
with the residential lighting standards, which apply to permanently installed lighting
and associated lighting controls.
Only the lighting equipment that is altered needs to comply with the Energy
Standards. Existing lighting equipment is not required to be replaced to comply with
the Energy Standards.
Example 9-38
Question:

I am doing minor renovations to my kitchen that has six recessed incandescent cans and
I am adding a new luminaire over the sink. Does this luminaire have to be a high-efficacy
luminaire?
Answer:
Yes, in kitchens, all new luminaires must be high-efficacy.
Example 9-39
Question:
In the kitchen above, I am replacing one of the recessed downlight luminaires. Must the
new downlight luminaire be high-efficacy?
Answer:
Yes, newly installed luminaires must be high-efficacy and meet the requirements in
§150.0(k). Screw-based sockets are not permitted for newly installed recessed downlight
luminaires in ceilings.
Example 9-40
Question:
I am completely remodeling my kitchen and putting in an entirely new lighting system.
How do the Energy Standards apply to this case?
Answer:
When an entirely new lighting system is installed, it is treated like new construction. The
new lighting system must comply with all the mandatory lighting requirements in
§150.0(k)1 and (k)2.
Example 9-41
Question:
I am replacing my incandescent bath bar in the bathroom. Must the new luminaire meet
the Energy Standards requirements?
Answer:
The new luminaire is the altered component and must meet requirements in §150.0(k),
including the high-efficacy luminaire and lighting control requirements. The 2019 Energy
Standards now allow the installation of Joint Appendix JA8-compliant lamps in screw-
based fixtures as a way to comply with the high-efficacy lighting requirements as long as
the luminaire is not a recessed downlight in ceiling. See Sections 6.2 and 6.3 of this
manual for details.

9.5 Performance Approach

9.5.1 Performance: Addition Alone
With very few exceptions, modeling an addition alone requires meeting the same
requirements as new construction. Any exceptions for additions are explained in
Sections 9.3.1 and 9.3.2.
9.5.2 Performance Method: Additions and Existing + Addition + Alterations

Approach
The computer programs used for compliance include requirements from
§150.2(a)2B as well as §150.2(b)2A and B to set the standard design budget. Table
9-12 contains the efficiencies used to establish the standard design for a building
using existing + addition + alteration (which includes existing + alteration)
compliance.

Table 9-12: Standard Design for Altered Components
Altered Component Standard Design Without Standard Design With Third Party
Third Party Verification of Verification of Existing Conditions
Existing Conditions Shall Shall Be Based On
Be Based On
Ceiling Insulation, The requirements of Sections The existing insulation R-value
Wall Insulation, and 150.0(a), (c), and (d)
Raised-Floor Insulation
Fenestration U-factor of 0.40 and SHGC If proposed U-factor is  0.40 and
value of 0.35. Glass area is SHGC value is  0.35, standard design
existing glass area. is existing U-factor and SHGC values,
as verified. Otherwise, standard design
is 0.40 U-factor and 0.35 SHGC. Glass
area is existing glass area.
Window Film U-factor of 0.40 and SHGC Existing fenestration based on Table
value of 0.35. 110.6-A and Table 110.6-B.
Doors U-factor of 0.20. Door area is If proposed U-factor is < 0.20, standard
existing door area. design is existing U-factor, as verified.
Otherwise, standard design U-factor is
0.20. Door area is existing door area.
Space-Heating and TABLE 150.1-A or B for The existing efficiency levels.
Space-Cooling equipment efficiency
Equipment requirements;
Section 150.2(b)1C for
entirely new or complete
replacement systems;
Section 150.2(b)1F for
refrigerant charge verification
requirements.
Air Distribution System The requirements of Sections The requirements of Sections
– Duct Sealing 150.2(b)1D and 150.2(b)1E 150.2(b)1D and 150.2(b)1E
Air Distribution System The proposed efficiency The existing efficiency levels.
– Duct Insulation levels.
Water Heating Systems The requirements of Section The existing efficiency level.
150.2(b)1H
Roofing Products The requirements of Section The requirements of Section
150.2(b)1H. 150.2(b)1H.
All Other Measures Proposed efficiency levels. Existing efficiency levels, as verified.
Source: Table 150.2-C, Energy Efficiency Standards.

The table below summarizes the basic rules for modeling a low-rise residential building
using the existing + addition + alterations performance approach. For more detailed
information, see Section 9.4 or the software user manual.
Table 9-13: Modeling Rules for Existing + Addition + Alterations
Type of Component or System Standard Design Without Third- Standard Design With Third-
Modeled Party Verification of Existing Party Verification of Existing
Conditions Conditions
EXISTING – Components or Model each component or system Model each component or system
systems to remain unchanged as “Existing” as “Existing”
Model each altered component as Model each altered component as

ALTERED—Components or
“Altered” (prealtered conditions are “Altered” with prealtered conditions
systems being changed or replaced
not modeled) also modeled
NEW—Components or systems
Model each component or system Model each component or system
being added (did not previously
as “New” as “New”
exist)
REMOVED—Components or
These components omitted from These components omitted from
systems being removed and not
the model the model
replaced
1. Without third-party verification of the existing (prealteration) conditions of the

building, the E+A+A approach provides credits only once a fairly high threshold is
met. See §150.2(b)2B and Table 150.2-C of the Energy Standards.
2. With third-party verification of the pre-alteration conditions of the building, the
E+A+A approach provides full credit for the effect of the altered component. See
§150.2(b)2B and Table 150.2-C of the Energy Standards.
Energy Commission-approved compliance software is used to model the building as
explained in Chapter 8 or the software user manual. Whichever compliance path is
selected, the Certificate of Compliance (CF1R) generated by the software must be
submitted for permit. If the CF1R includes energy measures that require HERS
testing or verification, the CF1R must also be registered online with a HERS
Provider before it is submitted for permit. See Chapter 2 of this manual.
9.5.3 Existing + Addition + Alterations Without Third-Party Verification

The existing building with all alterations is modeled together with the addition and
existing conditions are not verified by a third-party HERS Rater. Under this
performance path, the building is modeled as follows:
1. Addition: All new components of the addition and all new systems serving the
addition are modeled, including roof/ceilings, skylights, exterior walls, glazing
(fenestration), raised floors and slab floors, HVAC equipment, ducts, and water
heating. Only HVAC equipment and water heating may be existing. All other
components are “new.”

2. Existing Components to Remain Unchanged: Existing components and systems
to remain are modeled and tagged within the compliance software as “existing.”
3. Existing Components to Be Altered or Replaced: Each altered component (i.e.,
a new component that replaces an existing component) is modeled as "altered."
For example, a new water heater that replaces an existing water heater is
labeled "altered,” while a water heater that supplements an existing water heater
is labeled "new." Since verification of existing conditions is not being used, no
“existing” conditions are specified.
4. Existing to Be Removed: These features are not modeled.
Note: Portions of new fenestration including skylights that will occur in the
existing opening of fenestration to be replaced are tagged "altered." Portions of
new fenestration that will occur where there is no existing fenestration opening
are labeled "new."
9.5.4 Existing + Addition + Alterations With Third-Party Verification

The existing building with alterations is modeled together with the addition(s) in the
same manner as above. Any altered components that are tagged to be verified by a
third-party HERS Rater must be verified before permit application is made or
construction begins. The standard design that sets the energy budget may,
depending on the energy efficiency of the altered component or system, be based
on the prealtered existing conditions.
9.5.5 Existing + Addition + Alterations as New Construction

A rarely used option is to model Existing + Addition + Alterations as all “new”
components. The compliance software sets the energy budget as if the project were
an entirely new building.
9.5.6 Summary of Modeling Rules

Table 9-13 summarizes the basic rules for compliance software users analyzing a
residential addition or alteration using the Existing + Addition + Alterations approach.
For further information, see the specific compliance software user's manual for
details on how to input data correctly.
Example 9-42
Question:
A 1,600 ft² house built in 1980 in Climate Zone 12 is being renovated as follows:
1. A 500 ft² room will be added, including 120 ft² of new windows.
2. A 200 ft² wall and 100 ft² of old window will be removed.
3. Attic insulation in the existing house will be upgraded to R-38.
4. The addition will be connected to the existing HVAC and duct system.
If the performance approach is used to demonstrate compliance, how does the
compliance software establish the standard and proposed designs?

Answer:
Table 9-13 summarizes the Modeling Rules for Existing + Addition + Alterations, which
must be followed to have the compliance software accurately set the standard design and
model the proposed design. Under the 2019 standards performance rules, the removed
wall and window are not included in the energy model and have no effect. The standard
design for the added conditioned floor area is set using the prescriptive requirements of
§150.1(c). If the existing duct system is extended by 40 linear feet or more, the standard
design assumes duct alterations with 15 percent duct leakage requirements.
The standard design assumptions for the existing house follow the rules summarized in
§150.2(b)2 and Table 150.2-C based on whether there is third-party verification of the
existing conditions. Without third-party verification, upgraded energy components in the
existing house are modeled as fixed assumptions that represent reasonably expected
levels of efficiency for each altered component. If optional third-party verification is
selected for the components in the existing house that are to be upgraded, the standard
design assumes the existing conditions specified by the software user. These features
must be verified before construction begins and before application of the permit.
The standard design assumptions for the 500 ft2 addition is based on the features of
§150.1(c), Table 150.1-A.
The existing space conditioning system, as defined by the software user, is modeled in
both the standard and proposed design. The duct system is made up of new ducts as an
extension of the existing ducts.
Example 9-43
Question:
For the 1980 house in the examples above, an operable single-pane metal window is
replaced with a 0.55 U-factor window. Does this alteration result in a compliance credit?
How about the case where the existing window is replaced with a window that has a U-
factor of 0.35?
Answer:
As explained in Example 9-42, altered components that receive compliance credit must
exceed the requirements of Table 150.2-C. Windows in the addition must have a U-factor
of ≤ 0.30 and SHGC ≤ 0.23 to receive credit (Climate Zone 12). Replacement windows in
the existing house must have a U-factor of ≤ 0.40 and SHGC ≤ 0.35 to receive credit.
A window replacement with a 0.55 U-factor will receive a penalty compared with a 0.40 U-
factor standard design assumption for that window. Without third-party verification of
existing conditions, a 0.35 U-factor window replacement will receive a credit compared
with a 0.40 U-factor standard design assumption for that window. With third-party
verification of existing conditions, either window replacement will receive a credit as
compared with a 1.28 U-factor standard design assumption for an operable single-pane
metal existing window.

Although this example describes a window alteration, the same principles apply to other
building systems, such as other building envelope components, as well as HVAC and
water-heating equipment.
Example 9-44
Question:
An addition of 590 ft² is being added to a 2,389 ft² single-family house. How do you
demonstrate compliance using the Existing + Addition + Alterations method?
Answer:
The steps are the following:
1. Collect accurate envelope and mechanical information about the addition and existing
building from scaled drawings (plans, sections, and elevations); determine what
components, (HVAC, ducts, water heating, etc.) are being altered as part of the permitted
scope of work.
2. Enter the information about the addition and the existing building into the compliance
software program, identifying each modeled feature as “existing,” “altered,” or “new,” as
summarized in Table 9-13. Proper identification of these inputs is critical to correctly and
accurately determining compliance.
3. Run the compliance software to determine if the proposed building TDV energy is
equal or less than the standard design TDV energy.
4. If the project does not comply, modify the energy features of the addition and/or the
existing building until compliance is achieved.
5. If features of the existing building are being modified, consider the option of verifying
existing conditions. When using this option, this inspection by a HERS Rater must be
completed before construction begins and before the project registration (Step 6) can be
completed.
6. All projects that include energy measures requiring HERS field verification and
diagnostic testing--which represent almost all buildings under the 2019 Energy
Standards--must be registered online with a HERS Provider as explained in Section 2.3 in
order to obtain a valid CF1R to apply for a permit.
7. Print the registered CF1R for permit application submittal.
Example 9-45
Question:
When using the existing-plus-addition performance approach, do the mandatory
requirements, including airflow, watt draw measurement, etc. (§150.0[m]13) need to be
met for space-conditioning equipment serving an addition? What about the prescriptive
requirement for refrigerant charge verification (or one of the alternatives to §150.1[c]7)?
Answer:

If existing equipment is extended to serve the addition, these space conditioning

requirements do not need to be met as specified by Exception 4 to §150.2(a). However,
Exception 5 to §150.2(a) requires a duct system that is extended be sealed, tested, and
HERS verified according to §150.2(b)1D.
If an entirely new or complete replacement system is installed to serve the addition, it
must meet the requirements of §150.2(b)1C. When the new equipment is designed to
serve the existing house and the addition, it is an alteration and must meet the
requirements of §150.2(b). The duct sealing, testing, and verification requirements of
§150.2(b)1E must also be met. Refrigerant charge verification is not a mandatory
requirement. However, if the project is in Climate Zone 2 or 8-15, there is a compliance
penalty if refrigerant charge verification is not modeled.
Example 9-46
Question:
When using the E+A+A performance method, can compliance credit be gained by sealing
the existing ducts when it was not required for prescriptive compliance?
Answer:
No. Once the status of the ducts is “altered” the standard design assumes the duct
sealing is required.
Example 9-47
Question:
When using the existing-plus-addition performance compliance method, can credit be
gained by installing a radiant barrier in the existing house attic?
Answer:
No. Once the attic/roof is “altered” the standard design becomes equivalent to Table
150.1-A or B
Example 9-48
Question:
I am adding a room to and altering an existing building in Climate Zone 12. I am
upgrading an existing single-pane clear glass window with a U-factor of 1.2 and SHGC of
1.0 to a dual-pane window with a U-factor of 0.50 and SHGC of 0.45. Do I receive credit
toward the addition compliance for installing this window?
Answer:

No, Without third-party verification of the existing building features, there will be a penalty
toward achieving compliance since the window is not as efficient as required by Table
150.2-C for Climate Zone 12, which requires a U-factor of 0.40 and an SHGC of 0.35.
The penalty for the U-factor is based on the difference between 0.40 and 0.50 and for the
SHGC is based on the difference between 0.35 and 0.45. If fenestration is installed that
exceeds the performance of the values in Table 150.2-C, then credit is available.
Example 9-49
Question:
I am planning to install R-19 insulation in the attic of an existing house built in 1970. Can I
use this added insulation as a credit for trading with the energy features of an addition?
Answer:
No. When insulation is added to an attic, it must comply with §150.0(a), which sets a
mandatory minimum for attic insulation of R-22. Since R-22 is a mandatory minimum a
lower insulation cannot be installed.
Example 9-50
Question:
I am planning to install R-25 insulation in an uninsulated vaulted ceiling without an attic
space in an existing house built in 1970. Can I use this added insulation as a credit for
trading with the energy features of an addition?
Answer:
Only if you choose verified existing conditions (see Example 9-44) and even then it will
depend on the climate zone. Because the prescriptive approach has no provision for
vaulted roofs, once the roof is altered, the standard design becomes an attic/roof meeting
Option B. If Option B has no below roof deck insulation, it is possible to get credit for
insulating an uninsulated vaulted roof to R-25.

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Table of Contents Page i

2019 Residential Compliance Manual January 2019

2019 Residential Compliance Manual January 2019

9 Additions, Alterations, and Repairs

2019 Residential Compliance Manual January 2019

2. Converting a garage or other existing unheated space into conditioned living

2019 Residential Compliance Manual January 2019

2019 Residential Compliance Manual January 2019

A sunspace addition is designed with no mechanical heating or cooling and a glass

2019 Residential Compliance Manual January 2019

9.2 What’s New in the 2019 Energy Standards

9.2.1 Mandatory Envelope

9.2.2 Mandatory Mechanical Ventilation

2019 Residential Compliance Manual January 2019

9.2.3 Prescriptive Additions

9.3 Compliance Approaches

2019 Residential Compliance Manual January 2019

3. Addition and Meet all applicable requirements Existing + Addition + Alterations

2019 Residential Compliance Manual January 2019

1. Advantages: Very little information about the existing building is needed

C. Existing + Addition as New Construction

9.3.2 Additions and Alterations Combined

2019 Residential Compliance Manual January 2019

9.3.3 Alterations Only

9.3.4 Wall Exceptions to Continuous Insulation

9.3.4.1 Wall Extension

2019 Residential Compliance Manual January 2019

9.3.4.2 Existing Wall With Siding

New wall is an “extension” New wall is not an “extension”

9.3.5 Accessory Dwelling Units (ADUs)

2019 Residential Compliance Manual January 2019

Addition: Converting existing

New Construction: Newly constructed

2019 Residential Compliance Manual January 2019

2019 Residential Compliance Manual January 2019

9.4 Prescriptive Approach and Mandatory Measures

2019 Residential Compliance Manual January 2019

A. Additions ≤ 400 ft2: All prescriptive requirements must be met except:

2019 Residential Compliance Manual January 2019

2019 Residential Compliance Manual January 2019

9.4.1 Prescriptive Additions

Fenestration area is limited

2019 Residential Compliance Manual January 2019

2019 Residential Compliance Manual January 2019

2019 Residential Compliance Manual January 2019

Table 9-2: Envelope Roof/Ceiling Requirements for Prescriptive Additions

2019 Residential Compliance Manual January 2019

Table 9-3: Roof and Ceiling Requirements for Prescriptive Additions

Component Option B – Single Family Option B - Multifamily Option C (CZ 4, 8-16)

Roof Deck Below-deck insulation Below-deck insulation No roof deck insulation

Radiant Barrier CZ 2-3, 5-7 CZ 2-3, 5-7 CZ 2-15

Ceiling CZ 1, 2, 4, 8-16: R-38 CZ 1, 2, 4, 8-16: R-38 CZ 2-10: R-30

Duct and Air Attic Attic Conditioned space

Additions > 400 and

Allowable west- Up to 60 ft2 Up to 60 ft2 The greater of 70 ft2 or 5% of

Opaque door U- U = 0.20 U = 0.20 U = 0.20

2019 Residential Compliance Manual January 2019

Additions > 400 and

Exterior framed CZ 1-5, 8-16: U = 0.048