WCD Contraception Compendium Screen

YOUR GUIDE TO CONTRACEPTION
ALL
ABOUT
CONTRACEPTION
HOW DO I CHOOSE THE BEST METHOD TO PREVENT AN UNPLANNED
PREGNANCY OR STI (SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTION).
CHECK IT OUT HERE!
SUPPORTED BY:
SPONSORED BY:
FACTS
ABOUT PREGNANCIES AND
SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED
INFECTIONS
41 % OF THE 208
WORLDWIDE, MORE THAN
T OCCUR EACH YEAR
MILLION PREGNANCIES THA
ARE UNINTENDED.
AN ESTIMATED 33 MILLION
UNINTENDED
PREGNANCIES ARE A RESULT
OF CONTRACEPTIVE
FAILURE OR INCORRECT USE
SO IT IS IMPORTANT
THAT YOUNG PEOPLE ARE
WELL INFORMED ABOUT
THE DIFFERENT METHODS
AVAILABLE.
THE LARGEST PROPORTION OF SEXUALLY

TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS OCCUR IN PEOPLE
YOUNGER THAN 25 YEARS OF AGE.
36 % OF TEENAGERS IN A REC
ENT
MULTI-NATIONAL SURVEY
REPORTED
HAVING UNPROTECTED SEX
.
PREFACE
There comes a time in life when we see the world through new eyes. Everything
seems different now: experiences, friendships, desires. Yearning to explore new
boundaries, our search for more freedom turns into a roller-coaster ride, and we
develop strong feelings about our bodies and other people’s bodies.
If you have arrived at this stage in your life, having sex may have become a part of
it, too. But like anything new, it’s important to find out what you might be getting
yourself into. You can enjoy your new experiences much better if you understand
your rights and how to minimize the possible risks.
It’s not always easy, but very important to discuss the pleasures and risks of sex with
your potential partner before it happens. Even if you’ve already had sex for the first
time, it’s never too late to start talking about it now. Being open and clear will help to
make sure the experience is positive for both of you. Plus, it’s much easier to prevent
unplanned pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) than to come up
with a solution afterwards. If you are thinking about having sex, you may have already
heard that contraception is the only way not to become pregnant and only some of
the options are suitable to protect you against STIs. Get to know your options and
remember: if you are not sure you are ready to have sex, it is always OK to say ‘NO’!
Talking about contraception raises many questions. This brochure includes ques-
tions and answers, plus a lot of relevant information. It has been developed as part
of the World Contraception Day initiative which was started in order to improve
awareness and education on contraception and reproductive health. Your guide to
contraception provides you with helpful tips on contraception and will answer some
of your most burning questions:
HOW CAN I TALK ABOUT SEX WITH MY PARTNER AND

MY HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONAL?
WHAT KINDS OF CONTRACEPTIVES ARE THERE?
WHICH CONTRACEPTIVE IS THE BEST FOR ME AND

MY PARTNER AND WHY?
This is an introduction to contraception and sexual health. For more information, you can
also check out www.your-life.com, the official World Contraception Day website.
?!
Chapter 1
ISSUES ABOUT
CONTRACEPTION
• Myth Buster
• How to talk to your partner
• H
ow to talk to your healthcare
professional
Chapter 2
CONTRACEPTIVE METHODS
• C
hoose the best contraceptive
• H
ormonal methods
• Intrauterine methods
• B
arrier methods
• S
terilization
• O
ther methods
Chapter 3
SUMMARY
• Overview of all methods
• FAQs
The brochure does not replace proper counseling by

a healthcare professional. It is only intended to give
guidance and introduce you to some common facts
you should know about contraception.
ISSUES ABOUT CONTRACEPTION
DO THESE MYTHS SOUND FAMILIAR?

Below are some common myths about getting pregnant and contraception.
CONTRACEPTION
MYTH BUSTER
I can’t get pregnant the

first time I have sex.
If I have sex during my period
NOT TRUE the chances of getting
pregnant are non-existent.
NOT TRUE
Having sex right before

or right after my period
is absolutely safe.
NOT TRUE
I can’t get pregnant if my
partner withdraws his penis
before he ejaculates.
I can’t get pregnant if my NOT TRUE

partner didn’t have an
orgasm during intercourse.
NOT TRUE
If I douche, shower, or
bathe immediately after
sex I won’t get pregnant.
If I have sex standing up, NOT TRUE

I won’t get pregnant.
NOT TRUE
JUST USE IT.

Sex can be a fun, pleasurable, and fulfilling part of life, but without protection, it can
lead to unplanned pregnancies which can have a big impact on your life as well as
your partner’s.
Contraception protects you and allows you to enjoy sex— it is the most efficient
method of preventing an unplanned pregnancy. Nowadays, there is a whole range
of contraceptives available. But which ones? You can find out more about them in
chapter 2. Some of the most popular ones are condoms and the birth control pill:
CONDOMS CAN OFFER YOU AND YOUR PARTNER

PROTECTION AGAINST MOST SEXUALLY TRANS-
MITTED INFECTIONS (STIS).
HORMONAL CONTRACEPTION LIKE

BIRTH CONTROL PILLS, IS ONE OF THE
MOST EFFICIENT FORMS OF BIRTH
CONTROL CURRENTLY AVAILABLE TO
WOMEN WHEN TAKEN AS DIRECTED.
YOU SHOULD COMBINE BOTH METHODS

FOR BEST PROTECTION AGAINST
UNPLANNED PREGNANCY AND STIS!
DON’T FORGET IT.

If you are planning on having sex, remember:
• Contraception is a shared responsibility between you and your partner. Both of you
should take equal responsibility, but since most contraceptive methods are used by
women, the final decision about the specific method should be up to the girl.
• You can take the initiative when it comes to contraception—you don’t have to
wait for someone else to make the first move.
• It is useful to talk to your healthcare professional about which contraceptive will suit
you most, to ensure that you are fully protected against an unplanned pregnancy
and STIs.
HOW DO I TALK TO
MY PARTNER ABOUT
CONTRACEPTION?
The thought of discussing contraception with your partner might be embarrassing.
So it makes sense to be well prepared before you bring the subject up. Below are
some tips to help you start a conversation with your partner about the need for
contraception.
DO YOUR HOMEWORK FIRST

It is much better to talk about contraception before having sex rather than in the middle
of a situation where sex is already on the agenda. Otherwise, you may find that you are
more likely to be pressured into doing something that you may regret later.
• F
ind out about the different contraceptive choices available to you
and which is the best method for you and your lifestyle.
• T
ry to imagine how you would like the conversation to flow; generally, the
more honest and calm you are, the more at ease your partner will feel.
• C
onsider and practice your opening lines and think about potential responses
to any objections that your partner might make.
• B
e clear about the reasons why you think contraception is a good option
for you and your partner.
• P
lan a time and place comfortable for the two of you where you will
have privacy and won’t be interrupted.
DECIDE WHAT TO SAY

• T
ell him or her why contraception is important for you. If you have already
made up your mind, discuss this with your partner and explain why you prefer
a particular method.
• T
alking about protected sex does not mean taking the fun out of it. Having this
talk shouldn’t ruin things between the two of you. In fact, it can make sex even
more enjoyable, since you won’t have to worry about unintended consequences.
• T
alk about previous experiences. Both of you need to discuss your sexual
histories and whether or not either of you could have been exposed to an STI.
CONVERSATION STARTERS
Use a recent article or scene from a movie or
TV show as a conversation starter, for example:
“I read/watched this interesting article/
show the other day. I would really like to
know what you think about it.”
“I really respect you and I’m glad

that we can be honest with each
other. So I think it would be really
good for our relationship if we had
a chat about using contraception
before we start having sex.”
“I want us to be able to enjoy sex
without worrying about pregnancy.
So I think we should talk about
contraception before we have sex.”
AGREE TO DISAGREE FOR A WHILE

If the two of you cannot agree on a method, then promise one another that you will
do some more research: Think about it further and make a plan to talk about it again.
Avoid unprotected sex in the meantime. Remember, contraception and condoms are
the only way to avoid an unplanned pregnancy or contracting STIs if you’re having sex.
!
MAKE IT CLEAR YOU
WON’T HAVE SEX WITHOUT
CONTRACEPTION
Talking about contraception and using it shows you care about yourself as well as
your partner. If your partner is reluctant to discuss or use contraception, you may
need to spend a bit more time explaining the benefits of contraception. It could be
useful to suggest that your partner speak with a healthcare professional to get more
information. If your partner is still reluctant, you might want to reconsider whether
you want to have a sexual relationship with this person. If this is the case, you could
tell your partner that you will not have sex with someone who does not respect you
or himself/herself enough to use protection.
HOW DO I TALK
TO A HEALTHCARE
PROFESSIONAL ABOUT
CONTRACEPTION?
It is important to talk to a healthcare profes-
sional to get accurate information about the
best contraceptive for you. This information
will help you to make an informed decision
about contraception, and you should not
be afraid to ask your healthcare professional
about this topic.
Talking to a healthcare professional about
contraception is a responsible thing to
do and there is no need to feel embarrassed.
Remember that your healthcare profes-
sional must treat anything you tell him or
her with total confidentiality and will not
discuss your health issues or your contra-
ceptive needs with anyone, even if you
are under 18.
Before your visit, consider writing down some questions you would like
to ask. Taking notes during your visit is also a good idea. Ask for leaflets that you can
take away and read later.
The healthcare professional will ask you questions about your health and that of your
family, so he or she can make sure they offer you the correct choice of contracep-
tives. Some women cannot use certain types of contraception because, for example,
they have a type of migraine or have had a blood clot.
Ask about any words, abbreviations and areas of the body you don’t understand and
make sure to be totally clear on the full implications of the contraceptive method(s)
the healthcare professional recommends, ie, how to use your contraceptive properly,
any potential side effects it may cause and how to deal with them, and what to do in
the event of not using your contraceptive correctly.
Remember that healthcare professional will give recommendations, but the
decision is ultimately up to you.
HOW DO I AND MY
PARTNER CHOOSE THE
BEST CONTRACEPTIVE?
?!
You may ask yourself, “Why do I need contraception?” If a woman didn’t use
contraception she could have up to 15 pregnancies in her lifetime! Contraception
protects us and allows us to enjoy a very pleasurable and fun part of living—sex.
In this chapter, you will find an overview of the different types of contraceptives
available and helpful advice on choosing a method. No matter if you are using
contraception for the first time, you are unsure about the best contraceptive method
for your needs, or you want to change methods, this chapter may help you make
a decision. However, it does not replace a consultation with your local healthcare
professional where you will be given personal advice on your situation.
GETTING ORGANIZED
When choosing a contraceptive, there are a few things you should consider first. To
a great extent, this depends on your personal circumstances and stage in life. Before
making a decision, look at the different options and find out about their advantages
and disadvantages.
Is it very important to avoid pregnancy or could you manage if you got pregnant?
• T
here are certain medical conditions and circumstances which should be
excluded before getting pregnant or for which certain contraceptives are
not allowed or not advisable. Your healthcare professional should have
access to your medical history.
• Is a barrier method, e.g. condoms, enough for your sexual activity or do
you need permanent protection without having to “put something on” right
before sex?
• Are you going to have sex with frequently changing partners?
• C
an you stop having sex in situations where you don’t have access
to a contraceptive?
• Can you rely on your partner or would it better if you took control?
Contraceptive methods vary in their effectiveness to prevent an

unintended pregnancy. The table in chapter 3 compares the
efficacy of different contraceptive methods.
There are a number of methods available to you: one (or a
combination) of them will be right for you and your stage of life.
The following information will help you review the options available
to you and highlight important information for you to consider.
HORMONAL
METHODS
Hormones are a very efficient, convenient and readily available form of contraception.
Today, a wide array of hormonal methods is available to prevent unintended pregnan
cies. Hormones used in contraception are mostly a synthetic form of the natural hormone
progesterone and estrogen. Some contain only a progestogen, e.g. progestogen-only
pill, others a combination of progestogen and estrogen, e.g. the so-called combined pill.
Although the dose and the way in which you take hormonal contraceptives differs among
the various options, they are all highly efficient in preventing unintended pregnancy. The
combined pill is one of the most convenient, safe and efficient options used by hundreds
of millions of women worldwide when taken as directed.
The side effects of the combined pill are well documented and for the vast majority
of women, the advantages outweigh the disadvantages if they take them as directed.
The use of any combined hormonal contraceptive is associated with an increased risk
of blood clots, e.g. leg thrombosis, lung embolism, stroke, myocardial infarction, com-
pared to women who do not use hormonal contraception. Cigarette smoking increases
the risk of serious cardiovascular side effects from combined hormonal contraceptives.
You should be well informed about advantages and disadvantages before starting to
use hormonal contraception. It is important to talk to your healthcare professional to dis-
cuss which method of contraception is the right one for you. Let’s take a closer look at
some of these advantages and disadvantages.
Advantages
• T
here are a number of options available to suit different needs, for example,
different combinations and doses of hormones, different application forms
(pills, patch, ring, hormonal coil, implant, and injection).
• T
he combined pill is one of the most convenient, safe, and efficient
contraceptive methods for women worldwide when taken as directed.
• A
woman can get pregnant again – even in the first month – once she stops
using them.
• C
ombined oral contraceptives are easy to use if you have a good technique
for remembering to take the pill each day, e.g. putting the pill next to your
toothbrush.
• T
here may be a number of added non-contraceptive benefits. Dependent
on the combination and doses of hormones there may be, e.g. improvements
in acne, lighter and shorter or no periods.
Disadvantages
• H
ormonal methods do not offer protection against sexually transmitted
infections (STIs), so you may have to use a condom if you and your
partner have not been tested for STIs.
• S
ome women experience side effects which can sometimes be avoided
by using a different contraceptive.
• T
he risk of a blood clot, mainly a venous thromboembolism (VTE), increases
with a number of factors, including a personal or family history of thrombosis,
(increasing) age, obesity (body mass index over 30 kg/m2), prolonged
immobilization, e.g. during a long haul flight, surgery, trauma, blood
coagu-lation disorders, smoking. You should talk about this issue with your
healthcare professional, because it is a key factor when deciding whether
a hormonal method is a suitable contraceptive for you. Regular medical
check-ups are necessary in any case.
5 6
3 4
METHOD:
2
1 13
12
11
9 10
THE COMBINED PILL

8 20
19
17 18
16
15
HOW EFFICIENT IS IT?

Very high efficacy when used as directed.
HOW DOES IT WORK?

The combined pill contains the hormones estrogen and progestogen. It prevents
ovulation (an egg being released from the ovary each month) and thickens the
mucus at the entrance to the womb, making it difficult for sperm to get through.
HOW DO I USE IT?

For every 28-day cycle, there is one pack. You have to take one pill per day but take
different breaks between cycles, depending on the type of pill. With some pill brands
you have to take hormone-free pills during the breaks to maintain continuous intake.
Here are two examples of common dosing regimens.
• 21-day intake, 7-day break • 2
4-day intake, 4-day break
WOULD THIS METHOD SUIT ME?

There are various types of combined pills with different advantages so that you can pick
one especially suitable for you after your consultation with your healthcare professional.
• O nce you discontinue your pill intake, fertility returns quickly. You may get preg-
nant already during the 1st month after stopping the pill.
• Hormonal pills can improve the regularity of periods, reduce pelvic cramps, give
you lighter and shorter periods, lessen premenstrual symptoms. Some may also
have a benefical impact on acne.
• They can reduce the risk of ovarian cancer, cancer of the womb, and benign
breast tumors.
• There is no clear evidence on whether there may be a slightly increased risk of
breast cancer. In any case, this risk is very low.
• Some women experience nausea, breast tenderness, mood swings, changes
in sex drive, headaches, bloating, weight gain, or bleeding problems. These
symptoms vary from woman to woman and depend on the pill taken. Often, they
disappear after the first months of use.
• The combined pill is associated with an increased risk of blot clots, mainly venous
thromboembolism (VTE), or in very rare cases lung embolism, stroke, myocardial
infarction. The risk for VTE is lower than during pregnancy or following childbirth.
METHOD:
5
3 4
2
1 1
12
THE PROGESTOGEN-
11
9 10
8
19
18
ONLY PILL
17
16
15
(also known as the mini-pill)

HOW DOES IT WORK?

This pill only contains progestogen. It does not prevent ovulation but thickens the
mucus at the entrance of the womb, making it difficult for the sperm to get through.
If that fails, it also prevents the fertilized egg from nidation into the lining of the
womb.
HOW DO I USE IT?

• One pill every day
• No break, taken during menstruation as well

There are different types of progestogen available.
Suitable for women who are breast-feeding or
who do not tolerate estrogen. You have to be
very precise when taking it, as it must be taken
every day at the same time in order to work
(depending on the type, there is a maximum
delay of 3 to 12 hours).
It may cause irregular bleeding slightly more
often than the combined pill, but this typically
eases off with time. On the other hand, some
women experience no bleeding at all. It may
also initially induce temporary side effects
such as spots and greasy skin, breast
tenderness, bloating, and headaches.
METHOD:
VAGINAL RING
HOW DOES IT WORK?

The vaginal ring contains a combination of estrogen and progestogen. It prevents
ovulation (an egg being released from the ovary each month) and thickens the mucus
at the entrance to the womb, making it difficult for sperm to get through.
HOW DO I USE IT?

As opposed to the hormonal
pill, you only have to think
about it twice a month. It is
inserted into the vagina.
• Kept in place for 3 weeks
• 7-days break before new ring is inserted

• A
lternative form of contraception with similar advantages to the
combined pill which only has to be changed every four weeks.
• It can cause vaginal irritation, discomfort, or discharge.
• T
he vaginal ring has very similar side effects as any other combined
hormonal contraceptive.
• T
he vaginal ring is associated with an increased risk of blot clots, mainly venous
thromboembolism (VTE), or in very rare cases lung embolism, stroke, myocardial
infarction. The risk for VTE is lower than during pregnancy or following childbirth.
• Some women and/or their partner can feel it during sex.
• V
aginal rings must be stored in a cool place before being used.
If you think about using it, make sure you can do so.
METHOD:
CONTRACEPTIVE PATCH
HOW DOES IT WORK?

A thin patch which contains estrogen and progestogen. It is stuck onto the abdomen,
thigh, buttocks, or upper arm. It is not transparent, so this method of contraception
is visible. The hormones are released continuously, entering the bloodstream through
the skin.
HOW DO I USE IT?

• Patch has to be changed every week for three weeks
• 7-day break

• T
he advantages are very similar to the ones in combined
oral contraceptives, but you have to change patches only
once a week.
• T
he contraceptive patch has very similar
side effects as any other combined
hormonal contraceptive.
• T
he contraceptive patch is associated
with an increased risk of blot clots,
mainly venous thromboembolism (VTE),
or in very rare cases lung embolism,
stroke, myocardial infarction.
The risk for VTE is lower than during
pregnancy or following childbirth.
METHOD:
INJECTION
HOW DOES IT WORK?

The injection usually contains a progestogen. In some countries a combination
of estrogen and progestogen is available as well.
HOW DO I USE IT?

• Given by healthcare professionals
• E
ither once every month (combination injection) or once every three months
(progestogen only injection)

• H
ormonal method which is very efficient and does not require any action from
your side besides a visit at the HCP once a month or every three months.
• P
rogestogen-only injections are also suitable for women who are breast-
feeding, or who do not tolerate estrogen or when estrogen is contraindicated.
• Injections can also reduce heavy, painful periods and help with premenstrual
syndrome, however, they can cause irregular bleeding which may take a while
to settle down. Some women will eventually not bleed at all. From a medical point
of view, this is not a problem.
• D
epending on the type of injection, it may take up to one year for your period
and fertility to return after stopping injections.
• Some women experience headaches, dizziness, spots and greasy skin, bloating,
weight gain, breast tenderness, abdominal discomfort, and changes in mood
and sex drive.
• O
nce the injection has been administered, side effects can be more difficult
to control as the hormones cannot be removed from the body.
• O
nce injected, this method is not reversible, i.e. in case of side effects
it cannot be stopped.
• W
ith progestogen-only injections, young women may have a risk of losing
bone mineral density which may increase the risk of osteoporosis.
METHOD:
IMPLANT
HOW DOES IT WORK?

One or two small, soft, plastic rods containing a progestogen reservoir are inserted
under the skin of the upper arm. The progestogen is released in tiny doses.
HOW DO I USE IT?

• Implanted with minor surgery by trained healthcare professionals
• Efficient for three up to five years
• Can be removed at any time with minor surgery

• S
uitable for women who want long-term contraception and wish
to avoid daily or monthly regimen.
• Also suitable for women who are breast-feeding or who do not tolerate estrogen.
• Fertility returns to normal once the implant is removed.
• Can reduce heavy, painful periods.
• S
ome women may experience headaches, breast tenderness, bloating, and
changes in mood and sex drive. Irregular bleeding may occur for the first
few months.
METHOD:
EMERGENCY
PILL
(often known as the “morning after pill”)

Reasonable efficacy when used as directed.
HOW DOES IT WORK?

It typically contains hormones that are similar to oral contraceptives, but are much
higher dosed. It changes the womb, that a fertilized egg cannot implant there.
It may prevent or delay an egg from being released. An emergency pill is to be taken
as soon as possible after unprotected sex or if you suspect that your chosen method
of contraception has failed, e.g. torn condom.
HOW DO I USE IT?

Take it ideally within 12 hours, but no later than 3 to 5 days after unprotected intercourse,
depending on the type of pill. The sooner you take it the more efficient it will be.

This emergency method of contraception is only
intended as a back-up method. Do not use it
regularly!
• It can be used if unprotected sex has taken
place or if another method of contraception
has failed, e.g. torn condom or forgotten pill.
• A
fter using emergency contraception you
should use another form of contraception
for the rest of your cycle to protect yourself
if you do not want to become pregnant.
INTRAUTERINE
METHODS
Women looking for a contraceptive method that they can use and forget about
for longer periods of time may want to consider an intrauterine method. Intrauterine
methods can be broadly divided into two types—hormone releasing intrauterine
systems (IUS) and copper intrauterine devices (IUDs). The IUS or IUD is inserted into
the woman’s womb through her vagina by trained healthcare professionals.
Advantages
• Different types of IUS/IUD can provide contraception
for three, five or even ten years.
• Once inserted, there is no need to do anything before,
during, or after sex which provides flexibility.
• The IUS can considerably improve heavy and painful
periods. It can also protect against cancer of the uterine
lining.
• The copper IUD can be used as an emergency
contraceptive and may also protect against cancer of
the uterine lining.
• The ability to get pregnant will return immediately after
the IUS or IUD is removed. It can be fitted even if you
have not been pregnant before.
Is this methods suitable for me?

• The copper IUD may increase cramps and bleeding
during monthly periods.
• Small risk of expulsion and perforation.
METHOD:
INTRAUTERINE
SYSTEM (IUS)
(also known as the hormonal coil)
The IUS should not be confused with the copper IUD.

Very high efficacy when used as directed. The IUS is one of the most efficient
contraceptive methods available.
HOW DOES IT WORK?

The IUS is a small, soft plastic device with a reservoir containing progestogen which
is placed in the womb. A low dose of progestogen is continuously released from the
system. The IUS prevents pregnancy mainly by thickening cervical mucus at the
entrance of the womb, making it difficult for sperm to get through. It also thins the
lining of the womb.
HOW DO I USE IT?

The IUS is inserted into the cavity of the womb by trained healthcare professionals.

If you are thinking about long-term contraception and don’t want to worry about
birth control on a regular basis, this method is worth a thought.
• T
hey must be fitted by a trained professional. Both methods carry a small
risk of infection at insertion and do not protect against STIs.
• IUS can stay in place for either 3 or 5 years, but can be removed any time.
• Can be used by young women as fertility returns quickly after removal.
• C
an improve heavy and painful periods; may help to protect against pelvic
infections and cancer of the uterine lining.
• S
ome women may have shorter lighter or less frequent periods,
which reduces the chances of becoming anemic.
• There may be irregular bleeding for the first few months.
• Hormonal side effects may include headaches, breast tenderness, or nausea.
• No
protection against STIs, small risk of infection at insertion.
Small risk of expulsion or perforation.
METHOD:
INTRAUTERINE
DEVICE (IUD)
(also known as copper coil)
The copper IUD should not be confused with the IUS.

HOW DOES IT WORK?

A small device with a copper thread or cylinders which is placed in the womb.
The IUD releases copper ions which immobilizes the sperm and makes it difficult for
the egg to travel along the Fallopian tubes. If the egg is fertilized, the IUD prevents it
from implanting itself in the womb.
HOW DO I USE IT?

The IUD is inserted into the cavity of the womb by trained healthcare professionals,
and can stay in place in place for up to 10 years.

The IUD is a long-term birth control option, which can also be used as emergency
contraception, if inserted within five days after unprotected sex.
• If the emergency use was successful and caused no problems,
it can be left in the womb for ongoing contraception.
• There are no systemic side effects and no drug interactions.
• May cause increased cramping, heavier and prolonged periods.
• Usually not the first choice for women with anemia.
• No protection against STIs.
• Small risk of infection at insertion. Small risk of expulsion or perforation.
BARRIER
METHODS
Barrier methods can be mechanical or chemical and are designed to stop sperm
from entering the womb. There are different options available and before looking at
individual methods, it is worth examining the overall advantages and disadvantages
of using barrier methods.
Advantages
• B
arrier methods provide an option for women who
cannot or do not want to use hormonal or intrauterine
contraception.
• T
he condom is the only form of contraception that
offers protection against most STIs if used properly.
• B
arrier methods offer protection against unintended
pregnancy without acting on the cycle, so there are
no hormone-related side effects.
Disadvantages
• B
arrier methods are much less efficient at preventing
unintended pregnancy than hormonal or
intrauterine methods.
• They require practice to be used correctly.
• T
hey can interfere with spontaneity, sensation,
and pleasure.
METHOD:
MALE CONDOM
HOW DOES IT WORK?

A latex or polyurethane sheath put on the man’s penis before having sex. The tip has
a reservoir which collects the man’s semen and prevents it from entering the vagina
when he ejaculates. It should be held in place on the penis as soon as ejaculation
has occurred to ensure it does not slip off and to prevent any sperm from escaping
as the penis is withdrawn.
HOW DO I USE IT?

During foreplay, the condom is rolled down over the erect penis.

The male condom provides protection against most STIs if used properly. It is
recommended when you have sex with a new partner, have multiple sexual partners,
or are unsure of your partner’s sexual history. Condoms can be used at short
notice. Some people find it fun to use condoms, but others find they interfere with
spontaneity and sensation. Condoms can fail by tearing or coming off during sex.
Latex condoms are very elastic and inexpensive but should not be combined with
oil-based lubricants. Synthetic condoms, however, are not quite as flexible but less
allergenic, odorless, and can be used with oil-based lubricants.
METHOD:
FEMALE CONDOM
HOW DOES IT WORK?

The female condom is a polyurethane sheath which fits inside the woman’s vagina.
HOW DO I USE IT?

Before having sex, the condom is placed inside the vagina. The closed end of the
female condom covers the cervix and the open end is positioned at the entrance of
the vagina. There is a flexible ring at each end to hold the female condom in place.

The female condom provides only limited protection against STIs. It is recommended
when you have sex with a new partner, have multiple sexual partners, or are unsure
of your partner’s sexual history. It is not available in all countries and requires some
practice to be used correctly.
METHOD:
DIAPHRAGM PLUS
CHEMICAL
Low efficacy, even when used as directed.
HOW DOES IT WORK?

A diaphragm is a dome-shaped device made
of rubber or silicone which is inserted into the
woman’s vagina to form a barrier between the
sperm and the entrance of the woman’s womb.
HOW DO I USE IT?

It requires initial fitting by healthcare profession-
als. Before intercourse, it must be inserted and
can be used with a spermicide. It must be left
in for at least six hours after intercourse (and
no more than 24 hours).

It does not interfere with sex, and the man is not aware of it, however, it can
interfere with spontaneity. Using this method correctly requires practice.
• In combination with spermicides, the diaphragm is more efficient.
Spermicides alone are no longer available in several countries.
• F
rom time to time, check the diaphragm for any damages and replace
it if necessary.
May cause vaginal irritation and occasionally bladder infection.
METHOD:
CERVICAL CAP
PLUS CHEMICAL
Low efficacy even when used as directed.
HOW DOES IT WORK?

A cap made of rubber or silicone which is smaller than the diaphragm and only
covers the cervix.
HOW DO I USE IT?

It requires initial fitting by healthcare professionals. Before intercourse, it must be
inserted into the vagina and must not be left in there for more than 48 hours.

This method is not recommendable for all women because it may not fit their cervix
properly.
• L
ess efficient than other contraceptives, particularly in women who have given
birth because of the potential distortion of the woman’s cervix.
• Effectiveness increases when used in combination with spermicides.
• Most women require practice in using this method.
• It can interfere with sexual spontaneity.
STERILIZATION
Any man or woman can be sterilized. It is a permanent method of contraception,
suitable for people who are sure they never want children or do not want more
children. Remember there are other forms of long-acting contraception which are
as efficient, but reversible. Before you decide on a sterilization, you should contact
an independent counselor or talk to your gynecologist.
Advantages
• Sterilization does not interrupt sex.
• A
fter the sterilization has been confirmed as being
successful, there is no further need for contraception.
• H
ystersoscopic sterilization (i.e. tubal ligation) does
not require skin incision and can be performed in
outpatients without general anesthesia.
Disadvantages
• S
terilization cannot be easily reversed, except by using
complex surgery which is not successful in all cases.
• Sterilization involves an operation.
• Sterilization does not protect against STIs.
• T
here is a small chance, although this is very rare,
that the tubes may rejoin and you will be fertile again.
The overall failure rate in women is about one
in 200 and one in 2,000 for men.
• It takes at least two months for a vasectomy
(i.e. transection of a man’s spermatic duct) to be
efficient, and women should continue with other forms
of contraception until then.
• H
ysteroscopic methods of female sterilization for
3 months are not efficient immediately and the woman
must continue with contraception until tubal blockage
is confirmed.
METHOD:
FEMALE SURGICAL
STERILIZATION
(tubal ligation, clips)

Very high reliability.
HOW DOES IT WORK?

A surgical procedure in which the Fallopian tubes (which carry the egg from the
ovary to the womb) are cut or ligated or pinzed by a clip so that the sperm cannot
meet the egg. The operation only affects a woman’s fertility potential and has
no effect on her libido or the ability to have sexual intercourse.
HOW DO I USE IT?

Sterilization is performed in a hospital in general anesthesia. It is important you talk
first with a healthcare professional to receive counseling on the risks and benefits.
It is also important that you know about the alternative reversible methods of
contraception such as the IUS, IUD, injection or implant which all have similar
low failure rates. Permanent sterilization is contraindicated in women who are
uncertain about ending fertility.

Sterilization is a permanent method of contraception, suitable for people who are
sure they never want children or do not want more children. Sterilization does not
protect against STIs.
• R
arely, there can be a failure in which the Fallopian tubes reopen,
or closure is incomplete.
• S
terilization is sometimes reversible, although the procedure is complicated
and rarely successful.
METHOD:
NON-SURGICAL
FEMALE STERILIZATION
High reliability.
HOW DOES IT WORK?

Two flexible inserts are designed to slide easily into each fallopian tube. The inserts
are made from the same trusted material used in heart stents. The material is flexible,
so it conforms to the shape of your fallopian tubes. Once properly inserted, the inserts
stay anchored in the fallopian tubes, initiating the creation of a permanent tissue
barrier against pregnancy.
HOW DO I USE IT?

A specially trained doctor places the inserts into each of your fallopian tubes through
the natural pathways of your vagina and cervix (hysteroscopy). There is no incision
and usually no general anesthesia necessary. Over the next 3 months, your body
works with the inserts to form a tissue barrier against pregnancy. This barrier prevents
sperm from reaching your eggs, so pregnancy cannot occur. After placement another
form of contraception is needed for 3 months or until your doctor tells you to stop
after after having done a confirmation test, which is an essential part of the procedure.
This test verifies proper placement of the inserts and verifies tubal blockage.

Sterilization is a permanent method of contraception, suitable for people who are sure
they never want children or do not want more children. Sterilization does not protect
against STIs.
• Rarely, there can be a failure in which the Fallopian tubes reopen,
or closure is incomplete.
• Sterilization is sometimes reversible, although the procedure is complicated
Uterine or fallopian tube anomalies may make it difficult to place the inserts and not
all women who undergo the procedure will achieve successful placement of both
inserts. It shouldn´t be used in certain conditions like e.g. current or recent genital
or pelvic infection, unexplained or severe vaginal bleeding, gynecological cancer or
certain treatments like corticosteroid or immunosuppressive therapy. Persons allergic
to nickel titanium may suffer an allergic reaction.
METHOD:
MALE
STERILIZATION
(vasectomy)

Very high efficacy when performed as directed.
HOW DOES IT WORK?

Male sterilization, also called a vasectomy, is a surgical procedure in which the
sperm-carrying ducts are cut. After the procedure, a man can still ejaculate, but
there is no sperm present. The operation can be carried out under local anesthetic.
It affects a man’s fertility potential but has no effect on his libido or the ability to
have sexual intercourse.

This method of contraception is permanent and
only suitable for those who never want children
or do not want to have more children.
• S
terilization is sometimes reversible,
although the procedure is complicated
• S
perm is still present in the male genital
organs immediately after the operation, so
one or more semen analyses are required
to check when sperm has cleared. Other
contraceptive methods should be used
during this time.
OTHER
METHODS
Fertility awareness and withdrawal are the most frequent contraception alternatives to
hormonal methods, intrauterine methods, barrier methods, and sterilization. However,
you should be aware that these methods are not efficient at all nor do they protect
you against STIs. You should use a condom as well if you think you may be at risk.
37,0 C
basal body temperature
METHOD:
36,6 C
FERTILITY
AWARENESS
0 5. 10. 14. 20. 25. 28.
days

Low efficacy, even when used as directed.
HOW DOES IT WORK?

There are several fertility awareness methods—
all of them based on the fact that there are only
a few days during each menstrual cycle—the days
before and shortly after ovulation—when a
woman can get pregnant. The menstrual cycle
begins the day a woman starts her period (bleeds)
and ends the day before her next period starts.
The Fertility Awareness Method requires a woman
to observe fertility signs, e.g. a certain time
period around menstruation. Others, such as the
Standard Days Method, Two Days Method, and
Symptothermal Method help a woman recognize
the days she can get pregnant by keeping track
of her menstrual cycles.

If you are using the fertility awareness method you are advised to use a barrier
method, e.g. diaphragm, cervical cap or condom, or not have sexual intercourse
on the days you are fertile if you do not want to get pregnant. If you want to get
pregnant, fertility awareness can help you to know which days you should have sex.
The disadvantage of fertility awareness is that it does not take into account the
variations in your cycle. Many circumstances in everyday life can influence the rhythm
of the menstrual cycle, making efficient calculation of fertile and infertile days difficult.
METHOD:
WITHDRAWAL
(also known as coitus interruptus)

Unefficient.
HOW DOES IT WORK?

The man withdraws his penis from the vagina before ejaculating.
WOULD THIS MET HOD SUIT ME?

This method frequently fails because small drops of sperm may have already
escaped from the penis into the vagina before the man ejaculates. It also causes
impairment of sexual climax.
SUMMARY
OVERVIEW
OF CONTRA-
CEPTIVES
As you can see, there are a whole lot of contraceptive methods available. To pick
the right one for you is not always that simple because you have to consider many
aspects of your sex life and family planning. In order to help you get a better overview,
this chapter will show you the efficacy of each contraceptive and summarize the most
important facts you need to know.
SUMMARY
The following table compares the efficacy of each contraceptive method. It takes into consideration
(A) CONSISTENT AND CORRECT USE
(when the contraceptive is used with 100% accuracy, as in a clinical trial or when the method does not
rely on you remembering to use it as with the implant or an IUD).
(B) AS COMMONLY USED
(when the contraceptive is used under real life conditions which means that sometimes it is not used
properly or appropriately).
First-Year Pregnancy Rates

(Trussella)
As commonly Consistent and
Method
used correct use
Implant 0.05 0.05
Male sterilization 0.15 0.1
Intrauterine System IUS 0.2 0.2
Female sterilization 0.5 0.5
Intrauterine Device IUD 0.8 0.6
Injection 6 0.2
Combined pill 9 0.3
Progestogen-only pill 9 0.3
Contraceptive patch 9 0.3
Vaginal ring 9 0.3

Diaphragms plus
12 6
spermicide
Cervical cap plus
16b 9b
spermicide
Male condom 18 2
Female condom 21 5
Withdrawal 22 4
Fertility awareness 24
Spermicides 28 18
No method 85 85
Rates of Unintended Pregnancies per 100 Women

0 – 0.9 Very efficient 1–9 Efficient 10 – 19 Moderately efficient 20 – 85 Less efficient
a) T
russell J. Contraceptive Efficacy. In Hatcher RA, Trussell J, Nelson AL, Cates
W, Kowal D, Policar M. Contraceptive Technology: Twentieth Revised Edition.
New York NY: Ardent Media, 2011. Rates for cervical cap are from Trussell J.
Contraceptive failure in the United States. Contraception. 2004;70(2): 89—96.
b) Pregnancy rate for women who have never given birth
SUMMARY
HORMONAL METHODS
PLEASE TALK TO YOUR HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONAL TO FIND OUT
IF THIS METHOD IS RIGHT FOR YOU
Combined Pill Progestogen- Vaginal Ring Contraceptive

only Pill Patch
Consists of the two One pill consisting of Vaginal ring containing The plastic patch
hormones estrogen progestogen taken both estrogen and contains estrogen
and progestogen. same time daily. Mainly progestogen released and progestogen and
Method
Works mainly by prevents sperm from from the ring and sticks to the skin. It
preventing an egg reaching the egg and absorbed through the mainly works by pre-
from being released. prevents egg release wall of the vagina. venting the release of
from the ovaries in Prevents egg from eggs from the ovaries.
some cases. being released.
Can help to regulate Suitable for those who Similar advantages to Similar advantages
Advantages
menstrual cycle and can’t use estrogen the pill. No need to to the pill and easy to
reduce period pain. and who are breast think about it every use. No need to think
Quick return of fertility feeding. day. about it every day.
once you stop using
the combined pill.
Additional contracep- Irregular and unpre- Ring may be expelled. It is visible on the skin,
tive measures may dictable bleeding pos- A risk of infection or may cause irritation.
be required if a pill sible. Must be taken temporary increase Side effects similar to
is missed, in case of at the same time each in discharge may be combined pill.
Considerations
severe vomiting or di- day. possible. Side effects

Associated with
arrhea or when certain similar to combined
some rare but serious
medicines, including pill.
and potentially fatal
some antibiotics, are
Associated with adverse side effects
taken.
some rare but serious (such as blood clots).
Associated with and potentially fatal
some rare but serious adverse side effects
and potentially fatal (such as blood clots).
adverse side effects
(such as blood clots).
Over 99% efficient Over 99% efficient Over 99% efficient Over 99% efficient
Efficacy
when used properly. when used properly. when used properly. when used properly.
No protection against No protection against No protection against No protection against

STI and HIV
Protection
STIs or HIV/AIDS. STIs or HIV/AIDS. STIs or HIV/AIDS. STIs or HIV/AIDS.

SUMMARY
HORMONAL METHODS
Injection Contraceptive Emergency

Implant Pill
Progestogen injection. Prevents One or two small rods Contains hormones that are
sperm reaching egg and egg containing the hormone similar to oral contraceptives,
Method
from being released. progestogen which is inserted but are much higher dosed.
under the skin in the arm by It changes the womb, that a
healthcare professionals. Pre- fertilized egg cannot implant
vents egg from being released there. It may prevent or delay
and sperm from reaching egg. an egg from being released.
Lasts for 12 weeks. Can be Effective for three up to five If you’ve had unprotected sex
used if you are breastfeeding. years, but reversible. You or a method of contracep-
Advantages
don’t have to remember to tion has failed, this method

take a pill. can stop you from getting
pregnant.
Contraceptive implants are
reversibel, but not easily
reversible.
Return to fertility may be Requires a small surgical pro- Should be taken as soon as
Considerations
delayed. Weight gain is pos- cedure and has to be applied possible after unprotected
sible. Not promptly reversible and removed by a trained intercourse. The sooner a
in case of side effects. physician. Should be taken woman takes it the more
as soon as possible after efficient it will be.
unprotected intercourse.
Over 99% efficient when used Over 99% efficient when used Risk of pregnancy is
Efficacy
properly. properly. substantially reduced with

highest efficientness when
taken within 12 hours of
unprotected intercourse.
No protection against STIs or No protection against STIs or No protection against STIs or

STI and HIV
Protection
HIV/AIDS. HIV/AIDS. HIV/AIDS.

SUMMARY
INTRAUTERINE CONTRACEPTION
IUS IUD
(Intrauterine System) (Intrauterine Device)
Small plastic device with progestogen fitted in Plastic and copper device fitted in uterus.
Method
uterus. Prevents egg and sperm from meeting. Prevents egg and sperm from meeting and
immobilizes the sperm.
Stays in place for 3 up to 5 years. You don’t Can stay in place for up to 10 years. You don’t
Advantages
have to think about contraception for the time have to think about contraception for the time
the IUS is in place. Heavy and painful periods the IUD is in place. Can also be used as an
may be improved. emergency contraceptive.
Spotting and irregular bleeding are common May make periods heavier and longer and/
Considerations
initially, though periods usually become lighter or may increase period pains. The insertion
and shorter. The insertion requires a specially requires a specially trained healthcare profes-
trained healthcare professional. sional.
Over 99% efficient. Over 99% efficient.

Efficacy
No protection against STIs or HIV/AIDS. No protection against STIs or HIV/AIDS.

STI and HIV
Protection
SUMMARY
BARRIER METHODS
Male Condom Female Diaphragm Cervical Cap

Condom plus Chemical plus Chemical
Rubber or latex sheath Thin plastic sheath Dome of rubber A thin rubber cap that
traps sperm during placed in vagina to placed over cervix fits over the cervix and
Method
sexual intercourse. trap sperm. to prevent sperm blocks the entrance of

entering uterus. the womb. It is used
Spermicides required. with a spermicide.
Readily available. Only Only use during sexual Only use during sexual Simple and independ-
Advantages
use during sexual activity. activity. ent to use, can be

activity. Can be used put in anytime before
as a back-up for other intercourse.
methods.
Can reduce Can reduce You must leave the Needs consulta-
Considerations
spontaneity. spontaneity. diaphragm in place tion with healthcare

for at least 6 hours professionals for
after having sex and size and type of cap,
you need to use Needs some practice,
spermicide every time reduces spontaneity.
you have sex.
98% efficient if used 95% efficient if used 94% efficient if used 91% efficient if used
Efficacy
correctly. correctly. correctly. correctly.
Helps protect against Helps protect against Helps protect against Helps protect against
STI and HIV
Protection
STIs and HIV/AIDS. STIs and HIV/AIDS. STIs and HIV/AIDS. STIs and HIV/AIDS.
SUMMARY
STERILIZATION
Female Sterilization Male Sterilization

(tubal ligation ) (vasectomy)
It is a permanent method of contraception, It is a permanent method of contraception,
suitable for people who are sure they never suitable for people who are sure they never
Method
want children or more children. Surgical want children or more children. Surgical
procedure in which the fallopian tubes are procedure in which the sperm-carrying ducts
cut or blocked. Non-surgical options block the are cut.
fallopian tubes by entering via vaginal tract.
It has no effect on woman’s libido or the ability After sterilization the man can still ejaculate but
to have sexual intercourse. After successful there is no sperm present. Procedure can be
Advantages
procedure there is no further need for contra- carried out under local anesthetic. It has no
ception. effect on man’s libido or ability to have sexual
intercourse.
The procedure requires a gynecologist. Sterili The procedure requires a surgeon. Sterilization
Considerations
zation is sometimes reversible but related to is sometimes reversible but related to compli-
complicated and rarely successful procedure. cated and rarely successful procedure. It takes
There can be technical failure when the Fal- at least 2 months to be efficient, and other
lopian tubes reopen, or closure is incomplete. forms of contraception are needed until then.
Very high efficacy when performed properly. Very high efficacy when performed properly.
Efficacy
No protection against STIs or HIV/AIDS. No protection against STIs or HIV/AIDS.

STI and HIV
Protection
FAQ
FAQS
ABOUT
CONTRACEPTION
Why using contraception and how does hormonal contraception work?
Many questions are raised talking about contraception. Find the most important
and frequently asked questions on the following pages.
FAQ
FAQS ABOUT CONTRACEPTION

Remember: It is your responsibility and your right to protect yourself and to fully
understand how your contraceptive method/s work.
WHO IS RESPONSIBLE FOR CONTRACEPTION IN A RELATIONSHIP?

You are and so is your partner! Both partners in a sexual relationship are responsible
for contraception.
WHAT IS THE MOST EFFICIENT WAY OF PREVENTING AN

UNPLANNED PREGNANCY?
Contraception is the only way to prevent an unplanned pregnancy if you are planning
on having sex. Different types of contraceptive suit different people at different times
in their lives. Talk to your healthcare professional or family planning clinic to find out
which type of contraception will be best for you and your partner.
WHAT IS A CONDOM AND HOW DOES IT PREVENT AN UNPLANNED

PREGNANCY AND PROTECT MEN AND WOMEN FROM STIs?
A condom is a latex or polyurethane sheath that fits over the penis when it is erect.
The condom is rolled down over the erect penis before sexual intercourse takes
place to prevent sperm from entering the vagina. The condom should be held in
place on the penis as soon as ejaculation has occurred, to ensure that it does not
slip off and to prevent any sperm from escaping when the penis is withdrawn.
The female condom is a polyurethane sheath which fits inside the woman’s vagina.
It works in the same way as the male condom: by preventing sperm from entering
the vagina.
WHAT IS HORMONAL CONTRACEPTION AND HOW DOES IT PREVENT

AN UNPLANNED PREGNANCY?
The pill, vaginal rings, patches, intrauterine systems, and implants are all different
types of hormonal contraception. They all contain hormones which, when taken
as directed, are highly effective in preventing pregnancy. Some types of hormonal
contraception contain the hormones estrogen and progestogen. These inhibit ovula-
tion (stopping the release of eggs from the ovaries) and thickening the mucus at the
entrance to the womb. Some types contain only progestogen and work either by
thickening the mucus at the entry to the womb and changing the womb lining or
by thickening the mucus at the entry to the womb and inhibiting ovulation. The pill
which contains both estrogen and progestogen (so-called combination pill) is com-
monly taken for 21 days, followed by a 7-day break (or 7 days of “dummy” pills that
FAQ
contain no active ingredient). The pill which only contains progestogen, is taken with-
out a pill-free interval. Rings and patches are changed weekly to monthly, implants
are changed after a certain number of months or years. It is important to remember
that hormonal contraception does not offer protection from STIs.
WHAT OTHER TYPES OF CONTRACEPTION ARE THERE?

Intrauterine methods of contraception are small devices which are inserted into the
womb by a gynecologist. Also known as the “coil,” an IUD is a small T-shaped plastic
device that is armed with a copper wire. A IUS is similar to an IUD, but releases
small doses of a progestogen instead of copper. Once in place most intrauterine
methods will provide contraceptive protection for up to five years (IUS) or even up to
ten years (copper IUD). Intrauterine methods do not provide protection from STIs.
WHAT IS THE EMERGENCY PILL?

The emergency pill, often known as ”the morning after pill”, can be used to prevent
an unplanned pregnancy when unprotected sex has taken place or another method
of contraception has failed. The emergency pill should be taken as soon as possible,
ideally within 12 hours after sex. You should speak to your healthcare professional
or family planning clinic as soon as possible if you think that you or your partner
might need the emergency pill. It should not be used regularly because of its high
hormone dose. It should only be a back-up method.
IS THE WITHDRAWAL METHOD EFFICIENT AT PREVENTING

AN UNPLANNED PREGNANCY?
No, it is not. The withdrawal method (when a man removes his penis from the vagina
before ejaculating) is highly unefficient. As commonly used, about 27 pregnancies
occur per 100 women whose partner uses withdrawal over the first year.
HOW CAN I PROTECT MYSELF FROM STIs?

The condom is the only form of contraception that offers protection against most
STIs if used properly. To protect yourself from STIs you must use a condom properly
every single time you have sex.
CAN HORMONAL CONTRACEPTION PROTECT ME FROM STIs?

No, it cannot. The condom is the only form of contraception that offers protection
against most STIs if used properly. The condom and hormonal contraception can be
used together to provide highly efficient contraception plus protection from STIs.
FAQ
WHO CAN I TALK TO ABOUT WHICH TYPE OF CONTRACEPTION

WILL BE BEST FOR ME?
You can discuss contraception with your gynecologist or a member of staff at your
family planning clinic.
WHAT SHOULD I DO IF MY PARTNER WON’T USE CONTRACEPTION?

First and foremost don’t have sex with him or her! If your partner won’t use
contraception, you might want to reconsider whether you want to have a sexual
relationship with this person. If this is the case, you could tell your partner that you
will not have sex with someone who does not respect you or himself/herself enough
to use protection.
WILL USING CONTRACEPTION NOW PREVENT ME FROM BEING

ABLE TO HAVE A BABY WHEN THE TIME IS RIGHT?
No, it will not. Condoms are removed after sex and hormonal contraception effect
stops as soon as a women stops taking the pill or has a ring, patch, or implant
removed.
DISCLAIMER
The aim of this contraception guide is to provide an overview of available contraceptive
methods. By showing their efficacy and advantages/disadvantages it was created
to help people make informed choices about contraception. Considerable care and
effort have been taken regarding the contents of the information presented. However,
no responsibility can be taken for its accuracy and availability, and changes may
have occurred since this booklet was last updated.
All information presented is based on references which you can find in the section
“further reading” below. Specific product labels may include different figures or
information based on other data. Speak to your healthcare professional if you wish
to receive information to fit your specific needs.
No liability shall be taken by the contributors for the contents of this document, or
the contents of the referenced documents, or for any damages caused as a result of
the use of the information provided.
REFERENCES
REFERENCES:
If you’re interested in reading more about your contraceptive choices, there are many
good sources of information available to you. These include:
Bayer Pharma AG. Data on file. Talking Sex and Contraception Survey. TNS Healthcare. July 2009.
Cancer Research UK. Breast Cancer risk factors 2008. Available at: http://info.cancerresearchuk.org/
cancerstats/types/breast/riskfactors/(Accessed 12 March 2008.)
Sedgh G et al. Induced abortion, rates and trends worldwide. Lancet 2007; 370:
Singh, S., G. Sedgh, et al. (2010). Unintended pregnancy: worldwide levels, trends, and outcomes.
Stud Fam Plann 41(4): 241–250.
Hannaford PC Cancer risk among users of oral contraceptives: cohort data from the Royal College
of General Practitioner’s oral contraception study2007, BMJ doi:10.1136/bmj.39289.649410.55
Trussell J. Contraceptive efficacy. In: Hatcher RA, Trussell J, Stewart F, Nelson A, Cates W, Guest F,
Kowal D. Contraceptive Technology: Nineteenth Revised Edition. New York, NY: Ardent Media, 2007.
1338–45.
Singh, S and Darroch, J. E. Adding It Up: Costs and Benefits of Contraceptive Services—Estimates
for 2012. Guttmacher Insitute and UNFPA. June 2012. Page 1.
WHO, Unsafe Abortion—Global and Regional Estimates of the Incidence of Unsafe Abortion and
Associated Mortality in 2008, 6th ed, 2011.
Trussell J. Contraceptive Efficacy. In Hatcher RA, Trussell J, Nelson AL, Cates W, Kowal D, Policar M.
Contraceptive Technology: Twentieth Revised Edition. New York NY: Ardent Media, 2011.
Mullick, S et al. Sexually transmitted infections in pregnancy: prevalence, impact on pregnancy

outcomes, and approach to treatment in developing countries. Sex Transm Infect 2005; 81: 294-302.
World Contraception Day/Your Life content does not necessarily reflect the viewpoints of the members
of WCD partner coalition.
For more information visit: WWW.YOUR-LIFE.COM

NOTES
NOTES
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YOUR GUIDE TO CONTRACEPTION

CHECK IT OUT HERE!

THE LARGEST PROPORTION OF SEXUALLY

HOW CAN I TALK ABOUT SEX WITH MY PARTNER AND

WHAT KINDS OF CONTRACEPTIVES ARE THERE?

WHICH CONTRACEPTIVE IS THE BEST FOR ME AND

The brochure does not replace proper counseling by

DO THESE MYTHS SOUND FAMILIAR?

I can’t get pregnant the

Having sex right before

I can’t get pregnant if my NOT TRUE

If I have sex standing up, NOT TRUE

JUST USE IT.

CONDOMS CAN OFFER YOU AND YOUR PARTNER

HORMONAL CONTRACEPTION LIKE

YOU SHOULD COMBINE BOTH METHODS

DON’T FORGET IT.

DO YOUR HOMEWORK FIRST

DECIDE WHAT TO SAY

“I really respect you and I’m glad

AGREE TO DISAGREE FOR A WHILE

Contraceptive methods vary in their effectiveness to prevent an

THE COMBINED PILL

HOW EFFICIENT IS IT?

HOW DOES IT WORK?

HOW DO I USE IT?

WOULD THIS METHOD SUIT ME?

(also known as the mini-pill)

HOW EFFICIENT IS IT?

HOW DOES IT WORK?

HOW DO I USE IT?

WOULD THIS METHOD SUIT ME?

HOW DOES IT WORK?

HOW DO I USE IT?

WOULD THIS METHOD SUIT ME?

HOW DOES IT WORK?

HOW DO I USE IT?

WOULD THIS METHOD SUIT ME?

HOW DOES IT WORK?

HOW DO I USE IT?

WOULD THIS METHOD SUIT ME?

HOW DOES IT WORK?

HOW DO I USE IT?

WOULD THIS METHOD SUIT ME?

HOW EFFICIENT IS IT?

HOW DOES IT WORK?

HOW DO I USE IT?

WOULD THIS METHOD SUIT ME?

Is this methods suitable for me?

HOW EFFICIENT IS IT?

HOW DOES IT WORK?

HOW DO I USE IT?

WOULD THIS METHOD SUIT ME?

HOW EFFICIENT IS IT?

HOW DOES IT WORK?

HOW DO I USE IT?

WOULD THIS METHOD SUIT ME?

HOW DOES IT WORK?

HOW DO I USE IT?

WOULD THIS METHOD SUIT ME?