An American National Standard

Designation: F 1387 – 99 (Reapproved 2005)

Standard Specification for

Performance of Piping and Tubing Mechanically Attached
Fittings1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1387; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

1. Scope health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory

1.1 This specification establishes the performance charac- limitations prior to use.
teristics required for mechanically attached fittings (MAFs) for 2. Referenced Documents
use in piping and tubing systems. These fittings directly attach
to pipe or tube by mechanical deformation of the pipe or tube 2.1 ASTM Standards: 2
or fitting, or a combination thereof, creating a seal and a A 105/A 105M Specification for Carbon Steel Forgings for
restrained joint. The seal may be created via the mechanical Piping Applications
deformation or created independently. Successful completion A 106/A 106M Specification for Seamless Carbon Steel
of the tests described constitutes completion of the technical Pipe for High-Temperature Service
portion of the qualification process. A 108 Specification for Steel Bar, Carbon and Alloy, Cold-
1.2 Supplementary requirements are provided for use when Finished
additional testing or inspection is desired. These shall apply A 109/A 109M Specification for Steel, Strip, Carbon (0.25
only when specified in part or whole by the purchaser in the Maximum Percent), Cold-Rolled
order. Unless otherwise specified, U.S. Navy contracts shall A 167 Specification for Stainless and Heat-Resisting
invoke the supplementary requirements in whole. Chromium-Nickel Steel Plate, Sheet, and Strip
1.3 Unless specific MAF types are specified, the term A 182/A 182M Specification for Forged or Rolled Alloy-
“MAF” shall apply to all types described herein. Steel Pipe Flanges, Forged Fittings, and Valves and Parts
1.4 The tests specified in Section 13 and described in Annex for High-Temperature Service
A1 and Supplementary Requirements are applicable only to A 213/A 213M Specification for Seamless Ferritic and Aus-
ascertain the performance characteristics of MAFs. These tests tenitic Alloy-Steel Boiler, Superheater, and Heat-
are not intended for use in the evaluation of non-MAF Exchanger Tubes
products. A 234/A 234M Specification for Piping Fittings of Wrought
1.5 A fire performance test is specified in Supplementary Carbon Steel and Alloy Steel for Moderate and High
Requirement S7. This test provides general guidelines to Temperature Service
determine the responsiveness of MAFs when subjected to fire. A 240/A 240M Specification for Chromium and
This test should not be considered for use to evaluate non-MAF Chromium-Nickel Stainless Steel Plate, Sheet, and Strip
products. for Pressure Vessels and for General Applications
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the A 249/A 249M Specification for Welded Austenitic Steel
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information Boiler, Superheater, Heat-Exchanger, and Condenser
only. Tubes
1.7 The following safety hazards caveat applies only to the A 262 Practices for Detecting Susceptibility to Intergranu-
tests listed in Section 13 and the tests described in the lar Attack in Austenitic Stainless Steels
Supplementary Section and the Annex of this specification: A 269 Specification for Seamless and Welded Austenitic
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety Stainless Steel Tubing for General Service
concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility A 276 Specification for Stainless and Steel Bars and Shapes
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and A 312/A 312M Specification for Seamless and Welded Aus-
tenitic Stainless Steel Pipes
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F25 on Ships
2
and Marine Technology and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F25.11 on For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Machinery and Piping Systems. contact ASTM Customer Service at [email protected]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Current edition approved July 1, 2005. Published July 2005. Originally approved Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as F 1387 – 99. the ASTM website.

Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.

1
 F 1387 – 99 (2005)
A 380 Practice for Cleaning, Descaling, and Passivation QQ-N-286 Nickel-Copper-Aluminum Alloy, Wrought
Stainless Steel Parts, Equipment, and Systems (UNS N05500)
A 403/A 403M Specification for Wrought Austenitic Stain- QQ-P-416 Plating, Cadmium (Electrodeposited)
less Steel Piping Fittings QQ-B-626 Brass, Leaded and Nonleaded Rods, Shapes,
A 450/A 450M Specification for General Requirements for Forgings and Flat Product, TH Finished Edges (Bar and
Carbon, Ferritic Alloy, and Austenitic Alloy Steel Tubes Strip)
A 479/A 479M Specification for Stainless and Heat- QQ-S-763 Steel Bars, Wire, Shapes, and Forgings, Corro-
Resisting Steel Bars and Shapes for Use in Boilers and sion Resisting
Other Pressure Vessels 2.3 Military Specifications:4
A 530/A 530M Specification for General Requirements for MIL-S-901 Shock Tests, H.I. (High Impact) Shipboard
Specialized Carbon and Alloy Steel Pipe Machinery, Equipment, and Systems, Requirements for
A 564/A 564M Specification for Hot-Rolled and Cold- MIL-T-1368 Tube and Pipe, Nickel Copper Alloy Seamless
Finished Age-Hardening Stainless Steel Bars and Shapes and Welded
A 576 Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon, Hot-Wrought, MIL-H-5606 Hydraulic Fluid, Petroleum Based, Aircraft,
Special Quality Missile, and Ordinance
A 766/A 766M Specification for Forgings3 MIL-L-7808 Lubricating Oil, Aircraft Turbine Engine, Syn-
B 16/B 16M Specification for Free-Cutting Brass Rod, Bar, thetic Base, NATO Code Number O-148
and Shapes for Use in Screw Machines MIL-T-8606 Tubing, Steel Corrosion-Resistant (18-8 Stabi-
B 21/B 21M Specification for Naval Brass Rod, Bar, and lized and Extra Low Carbon)
Shapes AND 10102 Tubing—Standard Dimensions for Round Al-
B 111/B 111M Specification for Copper and Copper-Alloy loy Steel
Seamless Condenser Tubes and Ferrule Stock MIL-C-15726 Copper-Nickel Alloy, Rod, Flat Products
B 117 Practice for Operating Salt Spray (Fog) Apparatus (Flat Wire, Strip, Sheet, Bar, and Plate) and Forgings
B 122/B 122M Specification for Copper-Nickel-Tin Alloy, DOD-P-16232 Phosphate Coatings, Heavy, Manganese or
Copper-Nickel-Zinc Alloy (Nickel Silver), and Copper- Zinc Base (for Ferrous Metals)
Nickel Alloy Plate, Sheet, Strip, and Rolled Bar MIL-T-16420 Tube, Copper Nickel Alloy, Seamless and
B 124/B 124M Specification for Copper and Copper Alloy Welded (Copper Alloy Numbers 715 and 706)
Forging Rod, Bar, and Shapes MIL-F-18866 Fittings Hydraulic Tube, Flared, 37° and
B 154 Method for Mercurous Nitrate Test for Copper and Flareless Steel
Copper Alloys MIL-C-20159 Copper-Nickel Alloy Castings
B 164 Specification for Nickel-Copper Alloy Rod, Bar, and MIL-T-24107 Tube, Copper, (Seamless) (Copper Numbers
Wire 102, 103, 108, 120, 122, and 142)
B 251 Specification for General Requirements for Wrought MIL-P-24691/1 Pipe and Tube, Carbon Steel, Seamless
Seamless Copper and Copper-Alloy Tube
MIL-P-24691/2 Pipe and Tube, Chromium-Molybdenum
B 371/B 371M Specification for Copper-Zinc-Silicon Alloy
Steel, Seamless
Rod
MIL-P-24691/3 Pipe and Tube, Corrosion-Resistant, Stain-
B 564 Specification for Nickel Alloy Forgings
less Steel, Seamless or Welded
B 633 Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Zinc
MIL-R-83248/1 Rubber, Fluorocarbon Elastomer, High
on Iron and Steel
Temperature, Fluid and Compression Set Resistant,
B 696 Specification for Coatings of Cadmium Mechanically
O-Rings, Class 1, 75 Hardness
Deposited
B 766 Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Cad- MIL-H-83282 Hydraulic Fluid, Fire Resistant, Synthetic
mium Hydrocarbon Base, Aircraft, Metric, NATO Code Number
E 511 Test Method for Measuring Heat Flux Using a H-537
Copper-Constantan Circular Foil, Heat Flux Gage 2.4 Military Standards:4
E 1529 Test Methods for Determining Effects of Large MIL-STD-105 Sampling Procedures and Tables for Inspec-
Hydrocarbon Pool Fires on Structural Members and As- tion by Attributes
semblies MIL-STD-167 Mechanical Vibration of Shipboard Equip-
2.2 Federal Specifications:4 ment
QQ-P-35 Passivation Treatments for Corrosion-Resisting MIL-STD-271 Nondestructive Testing Requirements of
Steels Metals
QQ-N-281 Nickel-Copper Alloy Bar, Rod, Plate, Sheet, MIL-STD-278 Welding and Casting Standard
Strip, Wire, Forgings and Structural and Special Shaped MIL-STD-753 Corrosion-Resistant Steel Parts, Sampling,
Sections Inspection and Testing for Surface Passivation
MIL-STD-777 Schedule of Piping Valves, Fittings, and
Associated Piping Components for Naval Surface Ships
3
MIL-STD-889 Dissimilar Metals
Withdrawn.
4
Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4, Section D, MIL-STD-1235 Single- and Multi-Level Continuous Sam-
700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS. pling Procedures and Table for Inspection by Attributes

2
 F 1387 – 99 (2005)
MIL-STD-2175 Castings, Classification and Inspection of specimen leaks or separates during testing as a result of any
MS 33531 Tolerances, Welded Corrosion-Resistant Steel cause that is not related to the design of the MAF being
Tubing qualified.
MIL-STD-45662 Calibration System Requirements 3.1.8 penalty run MAF specimens, n—additional speci-
2.5 American National Standards Institute (ANSI):5 men(s) that are tested in the place of the original specimen(s)
B 36.10 Welded and Seamless Wrought Steel Pipe (see 3.1.7).
B 46.1 Surface Texture (Surface Roughness, Waviness and 3.1.8.1 Discussion—These additional MAF specimen(s) are
Lay) assembled using the same methods along with additional
2.6 Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE):6 MAFs of the same type, grade, class, and configuration and
AMS 5643 Bars, Forgings, Tubing and Rings—16 Cr 4.0 Ni additional pipe or tube with the same wall thickness and
0.30 (Cb + Ta) 4.0 Cu material conditions as the original test specimen.
J 514 Hydraulic Tube Fittings 3.1.9 permanent MAF, n—a fitting whose joint(s) attach
J 515 Hydraulic “O” Ring directly to the pipe or tube to join two or more pipes or tubes
SAE 1010 Carbon Steel: Nonsulfurized Manganese 10 % or other MAFs in a combination of pipes or tubes and
Minimum components. In either case, the permanent MAFs cannot be
2.7 American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME):7 disassembled and reused after initial assembly.
ASME Code, Section IX 3.1.10 pipe, n—hollow round product conforming to the
dimensional requirements for nominal pipe size (NPS) as
3. Terminology tabulated in ANSI B 36.10, Table 2.
3.1 Definitions: 3.1.11 rated pressure, n—the manufacturer’s recommended
3.1.1 class, n—a group of MAFs of a particular design with in-service pressure assigned to the MAF (see 3.1.15).
the dimensions proportional to pipe or tube outside diameters, 3.1.12 separable MAF, n—a fitting whose joint(s) attach
made from the same material grade (or combination of grades), directly to the pipe or tube to join two or more pipes or tubes
for the same rated pressure, or for a rated pressure inversely or other MAFs in a combination of pipes or tubes and
proportional to the diameter. components. Once assembled, the separable MAFs can be
3.1.1.1 Discussion—Class designation for MAF is assigned disassembled and reassembled a multiple number of times.
based upon the rated pressure used to test the MAF design. 3.1.12.1 Discussion—Some subcomponents of separable
3.1.2 failure, n—any leakage or joint separation unless MAFs may become permanently attached to the pipe or tube
otherwise determined to be due to a tubing/pipe or fitting without affecting the function of the joint.
defect. 3.1.13 specimen, n—a prepared assembly consisting of a
3.1.3 fitting, n—connecting device used to join multiple MAF assembled onto a preselected pipe or tube. The specimen
pipes or tubes or other MAFs together to create a working is placed into a controlled environment and tested to determine
system. if the MAF assembly meets the requirements specified in the
3.1.3.1 Discussion—Shapes such as couplings, unions, el- test being performed.
bows, tees, crosses, plugs, adapters, reducers, flanges, and 3.1.14 test pressure, n—a selected pressure used during
special shapes are used as needed to fulfill MAF system design testing, which is based upon the rated pressure (see 3.1.13) of
specifications. the MAF or pipe or tube, whichever is lower, times the factor
3.1.4 joint, n—interface between pipe or tube and MAFs specified for each test (that is, 1.25, 1.50, 2.00, 4.00, and so
where the seal is maintained or mechanical holding strength is forth).
applied or maintained within the overall MAF design. 3.1.15 tube, n—hollow round product which is usually
3.1.5 leakage, n—the escape of fluid or gas from any point specified with respect to outside diameter and wall thickness.
of the MAF, including the MAF joint interface, sufficient to
drop or flow from the point of formation or gas bubbles rising 4. Classification
to the surface after the first minute of submersion. 4.1 MAFs are classified into the following design types:
3.1.6 mechanically attached fitting (MAF), n—a fitting that NOTE 1—Each MAF type may consist of more than one material and
is directly attached to pipe or tube by mechanical deformation class.
of the pipe/tube or fitting, or both, creating a seal and a
restrained joint. The seal may be created via the mechanical 4.1.1 Type I: Radially Swaged MAF (Permanent)—A por-
deformation or created independently. tion of the MAF diameter is reduced mechanically by means of
3.1.7 penalty run, n—a penalty run is performed with an installation tool through radial compression to provide an
penalty run MAF specimens when the original MAF test intimate joint. The properly installed MAF has a circumferen-
tial deformation of predetermined dimensions.
4.1.2 Type II: Flared MAF (Separable)—An assembly that
consists of a body, nut, and sleeve. The MAF is designed to
5
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., mate with a tube or other component which has been flared or
4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.
6
machined to a specific angle. The flared tube end is positioned
Available from Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 Commonwealth
onto the MAF body cone or seat. The nut is then tightened to
Dr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001.
7
Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME the body thread, thus providing a tube-to-MAF seal through
International Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990. mechanical retention.

3
 F 1387 – 99 (2005)
4.1.3 Type III: Flareless (Bite-Type) MAF (Separable)—An 5. Ordering Information
assembly having a ferrule, nut, and body. The ferrule penetrates 5.1 Orders for MAFs under this specification shall include
the outside of the tubing, thus providing a pressure seal and the following:
holding mechanism. 5.1.1 ASTM designation, title, number, and year of issue;
4.1.4 Type IV: Grip-Type MAF (Separable)—An assembly 5.1.2 Quantity of fittings (MAF);
having one or two ferrules that are compressed into the surface 5.1.3 Size, nominal pipe size (NPS), or outer diameter
of the tube. In the case of the two-ferrule MAF, the forward (OD);
ferrule provides the primary seal through radial compression 5.1.4 Type (I, II, III, IV, V, or VI);
around the outer diameter of the tube. The rear ferrule acts as 5.1.5 Material grade (see 4.2, 6.1, or Table 1),
the primary mechanical holding device. In the case of the 5.1.6 Class (see 3.1.1 and 4.3);
single-ferrule design, the ferrule is used to seal and act as the
5.1.7 MAF shape (that is, straight, elbow, cross, union,
primary mechanical holding device.
coupling, and so forth) (see 3.1.3);
4.1.5 Type V: Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) MAF 5.1.8 Supplementary requirements, if any;
(Permanent)—Mechanically attached fittings that use SMA to
5.1.9 Other requirements agreed to between the purchaser
provide the mechanical force required to produce a metal-to-
and the manufacturer; and
metal seal between the pipe or tube and the MAF. The
5.1.10 Inspection and acceptance of MAFs as agreed upon
metal-to-metal seal that is formed is a “live crimp” since the
between the purchaser and the supplier (see Section 14).
pipe or tube and the SMA are in a state of dynamic equilibrium.
5.2 Optional Ordering Requirements:
The SMA maintains a permanent inward radial force on the
5.2.1 Certification (see Section 15).
pipe or tube at all times. The MAF body itself may be
manufactured from a nonshape memory metal and used in 5.2.2 Special marking requirements (see Section 16 and
conjunction with a driver made from SMA. S1.5).
4.1.6 Type VI: Axially Swaged MAF (Permanent)—
Mechanically attached fittings that have machined swaging 6. Materials and Manufacture
rings telescopically “press fit” from the extremities toward the 6.1 MAF Material—The MAF material used may be as
center of the MAF body. An installation tool advances the specified in Table 1 or may be other materials not specified in
swaging rings axially over the MAF body into a seated and Table 1, as agreed to between the manufacturer and the
locked position. The swage rings compress the MAF body onto purchaser.
the pipe or tube forming a metal-to-metal seal. The seal is 6.1.1 All types may be manufactured from wrought bars,
permanently maintained by the force radially exerted by the forgings, castings, pipe, or tube.
swaging rings onto the sealing interface. 6.1.2 Flow of Grain—MAFs machined from hot- or cold-
4.2 The MAFs shall be made from one or more of the drawn bars shall have their longitudinal axis parallel to the
following material grades: longitudinal axis of the bar with at least the center one third of
the bar removed during the manufacturing process unless
NOTE 2—When multiple components resulting in more than one
testing shows the center material to be free of injurious defects.
material grade are specified within a MAF assembly, the combination of
grades used shall be galvanically compatible. 6.2 Material Quality—The material shall be of such quality
and purity that the finished product shall have the properties
4.2.1 Grade A—Carbon steel. and characteristics to meet the performance requirements of
4.2.2 Grade B—Stainless steel. this specification.
4.2.3 Grade C—Nickel-copper. 6.2.1 The manufacturer is encouraged to use materials
4.2.4 Grade D—Copper-nickel. produced from recovered materials to the maximum extent
4.2.5 Grade E—Brass. practicable without jeopardizing the intended use. Used or
4.2.6 Grade F—Nickel titanium. rebuilt products shall not be used.
4.3 The MAF rated pressure may be one of the following NOTE 4—The term “recovered materials” is interpreted as those mate-
classes: rials that have been collected or recovered from solid waste and
reprocessed to become a source of raw material, as opposed to extra virgin
NOTE 3—The rated pressure may differ within the size range of a MAF
raw materials.
being qualified (see 3.1.1).
6.3 Seal Materials—Seals used with MAFs shall be as
4.3.1 Class 1—1.38 MPa (200 psi) maximum.
specified in Table 1.
4.3.2 Class 2—2.76 MPa (400 psi) maximum.
6.4 Surface Applications and Coatings—Surface applica-
4.3.3 Class 3—4.83 MPa (700 psi) maximum. tions and coatings if applicable, shall be applied and tested in
4.3.4 Class 4—6.90 MPa (1000 psi) maximum. accordance with the requirements specified in Table 2.
4.3.5 Class 5—10.34 MPa (1500 psi) maximum. 6.5 MAF Fabrication—MAFs fabricated from two or more
4.3.6 Class 6—13.79 MPa (2000 psi) maximum. parts may be welded. The use of brazing or soldering is not
4.3.7 Class 7—20.69 MPa (3000 psi) maximum. permitted.
4.3.8 Class 8—25.86 MPa (3750 psi) maximum. 6.5.1 Welding procedure qualification and welding operator
4.3.9 Class 9—34.48 MPa (5000 psi) maximum. performance qualification shall be in accordance with ASME
4.3.10 Class 10—41.37 MPa (6000 psi) maximum. Section IX. Welding process shall be in accordance with

4
 F 1387 – 99 (2005)
TABLE 1 Material Specifications for MAFs

Type Straight Shape Nut/Ring Sleeve or Ferrule Backup Washer Seal Material
(Body, Lock, Jam)
Grade A: Carbon Steel

I A 108A A 576 A 108 ... ... MIL-R-83248/1

II A 108 A 576 A 576B A 108 A 109/A 109M C
D
III A 108 A 576 A 576 A 108 A 109/A 109M
IV A 108 A 576B A 576 A 108 A 109/A 109M D

VI A 108A A 576E A 108A ... ... D

Grade B: Stainless Steel

I A 312/A 312MF QQ-S-763G A 312/A 312MF ... ... MIL-R-83248/1

II A 479/A 479M A 182/A 182M A 479/A 479MH A 479/A 479MH A 167I C

III A 479/A 479M A 182/A 182M A 479/A 479MH A 564/A 564MJ A 167I D

IV A 479/A 479M A 182/A 182M A 479/A 479M A 276 A 167I D

A 240/A 240M
VI A 312/A 312MF A 182/A 182MK A 312/A 312MF ... ... D

Grade C: Nickel Copper

II B 164 B 564 B 164 B 164 A 167I C

III B 164 A 564/A 564M B 164 B 164 A 167I D

IV B 164L B 564L B 164L B 164L A 167I D

QQ-N-286
Grade D: Copper Nickel

I MIL-C-15726M MIL-C-20159M MIL-C-15726M ... ... MIL-R-83248/1

II B 122/B 122M B 122/B 122M B 122/B 122M B 122/B 122M A 167I C

III B 122/B 122M B 122/B 122M B 122/B 122M A 564/A 564MI A 167I D

VI MIL-C-15726M MIL-C-20159M MIL-C-15726M ... ... D

Grade E: Brass

II B 16/B 16M B 124/B 124M B 16/B 16MN B 111/B 111MO ... C

IV B 16/B 16MP B 124/B 124MP B 16/B 16MP B 16/B 16MP ... D

Grade F: Nickel Titanium

Q Q Q D
V ... ...
A
Alternate material in conformance to Specification A 106/A 106M (Grade B) may be used.
B
Alternate material in conformance to Specification A 108 may be used.
C
When required by the MAF design, O-rings in accordance with SAE J 515 shall be used to connect the MAF end.
D
No O-rings used to connect the MAF end.
E
Alternate material in conformance to Specification A 234/A 234M may be used.
F
Alternate material in conformance to MIL-P-24691/3 may be used.
G
304, 304L or 316, 316L material may be used.
H
Alternate material in conformance to Specification A 276 may be used.
I
Grade 302.
J
Alternate material in conformance to AMS 5643 may be used.
K
Alternate material in conformance to Specification A 403/A 403M may be used.
L
Alternate material in conformance to QQ-N-281 may be used.
M
Alternate material in conformance to MIL-T-16420 may be used.
N
Alternate material in conformance to Specification B 21/B 21M may be used.
O
Alternate material in conformance to Specification B 371/B 371M may be used.
P
Alternate material in conformance to QQ-B-626 may be used.
Q
In accordance with the manufacturer’s specification.

TABLE 2 Finishes and Coatings Applied to MAFsA

Material Grade Type of Finish or Coating Applicable Document Test Requirement Applicable Document Test Results
A Cadmium CoatingB,C B 766D Salt Spray (Fog) B 117 72 h before red rust
A B 696D
A Zinc CoatingB Type II, B 633 Salt Spray (Fog) B 117 72 h before red rust
Surface Condition 1
A Phosphate CoatB Class 1 DOD-P-16232 Salt Spray (Fog) B 117 32 h before red rust
B Passivation A 380 Copper Sulphate Test MIL-STD-753 pass copper sulphate test
QQ-P-35 Method 102
A
Other finishes or coatings not specified herein may be used upon mutual agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser.
B
Coating shall be a minimum of 0.0002 followed by a chromate treatment or with a phosphate coating with oil finish.
C
Cadmium plating shall not be used on MAFs intended for use on U.S. Navy vessels.
D
Federal Specification QQ-P-416 plating may also be used.

5
 F 1387 – 99 (2005)
MIL-STD-278. Welded MAFs shall be tested in accordance 7.3 Qualification Requirements—MAFs shall be tested us-
with the requirements as specified in 13.4.3. ing specimens of the same type, grade (or combination of
6.5.2 The welding procedure qualification test shall dupli- grades), and class. The pipe or tube selected for the technical
cate the joint configuration to be used in production. qualification to this specification shall meet the requirement
6.6 Processing Stainless Steel Forgings—Austenitic stain- specified in 7.3.4. Technical qualification of the MAF assembly
less steel components manufactured by hot forge or other shall be based upon successful completion of all required
sensitizing processes shall be solution annealed and certified testing. Each MAF design is only qualified for use with the
free of intergranular precipitation. Practice A 262 shall be used pipe or tube material and minimum to maximum wall thickness
to evaluate carbide precipitation in stainless steels. tested or extended by interpolation (see 7.3.2 and 7.3.3).
7. Performance Requirements 7.3.1 Except as required by Annex A11 (Mercurous Nitrate
7.1 Testing Requirements—MAFs shall be subjected to the Test), all MAFs tested shall be comprised of an equal number
standard performance tests specified in 13.1 and Table 3. The of specimens from the smallest and largest sizes within the size
tests are described in the Annexes. Supplementary tests speci- range of the MAF type, grade, and class being tested.
fied in 13.2 and Table S1.1 shall be performed when invoked in 7.3.1.1 Test one or more intermediate sizes if the ratio of the
the order or contract by the purchaser. minimum and maximum pipe or tube outside diameter to be
7.1.1 These tests shall be repeated any time changes are tested is equal to or more than five.
made in the design, material, or manufacturing process, which 7.3.2 Through reasonable interpolations between the MAF
in the opinion of the purchaser, may degrade the performance sizes tested, all other sizes of MAFs within the same type,
of MAFs.
grade (or combination of grades), and class, will be considered
7.2 Intermixing of MAF Subcomponents—The intermixing
acceptable if the MAF specimens pass all of the testing
by the purchaser of subcomponents of the same design, but of
requirements specified by the purchaser. Extrapolation is not
different brands or trade names, is not permitted unless
specifically authorized by the manufacturer. acceptable.
7.2.1 When subcomponents of different brands, trade 7.3.3 Acceptance of tees, elbows, and other shapes within
names, or manufacturers are used, the manufacturer testing the the same class, may be accomplished by parametric analysis
MAF design shall specify this information in the test report. (see 7.3.3.1), as agreed to between the manufacturer and the
purchaser based on the acceptance of couplings.
TABLE 3 Specimen Geometry and Testing RequirementsA
7.3.3.1 If tees, elbows, and other shapes are made from a
Description of Number of Specimens Applicability of Test different raw material form than the coupling (for example,
Test
Permanent Separable Permanent Separable
tees and elbows manufactured from castings versus couplings
Examination of 22 28 yes yes
manufactured from solid bar or round tube), this alternate
specimen material form shall undergo the same test regimen as the
Pneumatic 22 28 yes yes coupling. Once this is complete, parametric analysis may be
proof test
Hydrostatic 22 28 yes yes used to qualify the remainder of the shapes as agreed to
proof test between the purchaser and the manufacturer.
Impulse testB 6 6C
yes yes
Flexure fatigue 6 6C yes yes 7.3.4 Recommended pipe or tube for use with MAFs may be
testB qualified throughout its wall thickness range, when pipe or tube
Tensile test 6 6 yes yes of a minimum and maximum wall thickness are used within the
Burst testB,D 4 4 yes yes
Repeat ... C
no yes test specimens being qualified.
assembly
testB
7.3.5 The MAFs may incorporate non-MAF features (that
Rotary flexure ... 6 no yes is, bolted flanges, and so forth). Those non-MAF features that
testB are part of a MAF configuration shall meet the current issue of
Mercurous 2 2 . . .E . . .E
nitrate test existing military and commercial documents (as applicable).
A
Number of specimens does not include any specimens for supplementary
Qualification of the non-MAF features are not within the scope
tests (see Table S1.1). When supplementary requirements in S1.3.8 are invoked, of this specification.
the number of specimens for all tests (annex and supplementary) shall be as
specified in the supplementary requirements section.
7.4 Test Report—Upon completion of testing, a test report
B
Specimens can be reused for other primary tests as long as all requirements shall be written and maintained on file during the life cycle of
herein are complied with for each test. the design. A copy of this report shall be made available upon
C
A minimum of 50 % of specimens selected for impulse and flexure fatigue
testing shall be subjected to repeat assembly testing. request from the purchasing activity.
D
When the Supplementary Requirements of this standard are invoked, burst 7.4.1 A failure during testing shall be analyzed and the
test specimens shall be comprised only with passed specimens from elevated
temperature soak (see S3) and shock test (see S6). When the Supplementary failure analysis (see 11.3.1 and 11.3.2) and corrective action
Requirements are not invoked, new or passed specimens from other tests in the shall be included in the test report.
Annex can be used. In any event, the minimum quantity of specimens used for this
test shall be as specified. 7.4.2 A retest as specified in Section 11 may be allowed
E
Two MAFs from each size and shape made from either copper zinc alloys when failure of the original assembly occurs during testing.
containing more than 15 % zinc or copper-aluminum alloys shall be tested. These
specimens shall be assembled onto pipe or tube, but do not have to be capped for When retesting is permitted, the failure analysis and corrective
pneumatic and hydrostatic testing before performing the mercurous nitrate test. action shall be included in the test report as specified in 7.4.1.

6
 F 1387 – 99 (2005)
7.5 Test Equipment and Inspection Facilities—The manu- 9.2 Unmachined Surfaces—Unmachined surfaces, such as
facturer shall ensure that test equipment and inspection facili- forging or casting surfaces and bar stock flats, shall be free
ties of sufficient accuracy, quality, and quantity are established from scale, blisters, fins, folds, seams, laps, segregations, or
and maintained to permit the performance of required inspec- cracks which may be injurious to personnel or equipment or
tions. affect MAF performance.
7.5.1 Calibration System Requirements—The manufacturer
shall maintain a calibration system for all measuring and test 10. Sampling for Testing
equipment (M & TE) in accordance with MIL-STD-45662
10.1 Inspection Sampling of Raw Material—Except when
with traceability to the National Institute of Standards and
specified herein, the number of samples required for inspection
Technology (NIST).
of raw materials for conformance of products during manufac-
7.5.1.1 Accuracy of the M & TE used to measure allowable
turing and processing shall be in accordance with established
variables during testing shall be within one third of the
quality assurance procedures maintained by the manufacturer
tolerances permitted (see 7.6).
and approved by the purchaser.
7.6 Test Conditions—Unless otherwise specified in the test,
the following tolerances shall be used to control conditions of 10.2 In-Process Inspection Sampling of MAFs—Inspection
the tests specified in the Annex: sampling plans of MAFs being manufactured or processed
7.6.1 Ambient Conditions—When ambient is specified, shall be mutually agreed upon between the manufacturer and
standard ambient conditions shall be maintained at 25 6 10°C the purchaser. MIL-STD-105 shall be used when specified in
(77 6 18°F). the purchase order or contract. Level of inspection and accept-
7.6.2 Pressure—Unless otherwise specified, the tolerance able quality level (AQL) shall be in accordance with the
for the internal pressure applied to the test specimen during manufacturer’s quality assurance procedures.
testing shall be maintained at 65 %. 10.3 Lot Acceptance—Lot acceptance sampling plans shall
7.6.3 Test Fluids—Unless otherwise specified, the test fluids be mutually agreed upon between the manufacturer and the
used in the testing of MAF shall include those fluids specified purchaser. MIL-STD-105 shall be used when specified in the
within the test. Water and other fluids such as SAE Grade 10W, purchase order or contract.
MIL-H-5606, MIL-L-7808, or MIL-H-83282 may be used 10.4 Sampling for Inspection of Type III Ferrules—A ran-
without affecting the validity of the test. dom sample of ferrules shall be selected from each lot in
7.6.4 Temperature—Unless otherwise specified, the allow- accordance with MIL-STD-105, Special Inspection Level S-2,
able tolerance for temperature applied to the test specimen AQL of 2.5, and tested in accordance with 13.4.1. Other
during testing shall be 65°C (610°F). inspection or sampling plans may be used upon mutual
7.7 Pass or Fail Criteria—Pass or fail criteria for each test agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser.
shall be based upon meeting or exceeding the performance 10.4.1 A minimum of five ferrules shall be randomly
requirements specified in each test. selected from each lot and subjected to the testing specified in
13.4.2.
8. Dimensions
10.5 Sampling for Inspection of Fabricated MAFs—A mini-
8.1 MAF Dimensions: mum of four samples shall be selected at random from each lot
8.1.1 Type I MAF dimensions shall be as specified by the of welded products and subjected to the tests specified in
manufacturer. 13.4.3.
8.1.2 Types II and III MAF dimensions shall be as specified
in MIL-F-18866 or SAE J 514 or as agreed to between the 11. Number of Tests and Retests
manufacturer and the purchaser.
8.1.3 Type IV MAF dimensions shall be as specified by the 11.1 Number of Test Specimens—The tests used to qualify
manufacturer. MAFs and the number of specimens required for each test shall
8.1.4 Type V MAF dimensions shall be as specified by the be as specified in Table 3.
manufacturer. 11.2 Replacement of Test Specimens—When untested speci-
8.1.5 Type VI MAF dimensions shall be as specified by the mens are rejected as a result of overtightening, inferior
manufacturer. workmanship or materials, or assembly, the specimens shall be
dispositioned in accordance with the manufacturer’s quality
9. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance assurance procedures.
9.1 Machined Surfaces—Machined surfaces shall be free 11.2.1 The original unique numbers assigned in accordance
from burrs, cracks, laps, or seams which would affect the with 12.3.1 shall be recorded in the test report along with the
suitability for the intended service. reason for rejection.
9.1.1 All machined surfaces shall be 3.2-µm roughness, 11.2.1.1 New test specimens with MAFs of the same type,
average (Ra) (125-µin. Ra) as specified in ANSI B 46.1 or grade, and class, and pipe or tube of the same outside diameter
duplicate of that qualified. and wall thickness shall be prepared in accordance with
9.1.1.1 External surfaces that do not affect the overall Section 12.
function of MAFs shall be excluded from the requirement 11.3 Penalty Runs—In the event of a test failure, the
specified in 9.1.1. manufacturer shall proceed with one of the following options:

7
 F 1387 – 99 (2005)
11.3.1 If the failure is determined to be design related, the
manufacturer shall redesign the MAF and start all tests from
the beginning. The requirements in 11.3.2 shall not apply to
redesigned MAF.
11.3.2 If the failure is determined to be unrelated to the
design, the test specimen shall be rerun. A replacement test
specimen shall be prepared in accordance with the require-
ments in 11.2 and Section 12.
11.3.3 If the failure cannot be determined to be either design
related or not design related, the manufacturer shall test three
additional penalty specimens. The requirements specified in
11.3.2 shall apply.
11.4 Penalty Run Specimen Preparation—Penalty run
specimens shall be prepared when MAF has failed any of the
tests specified in the Annexes.
11.4.1 The MAF used for penalty runs shall be of the same
type, grade, and class as the failed MAF being replaced.
11.4.2 The pipe or tube used in penalty runs shall be of the
same material (inlcuding form and condition), outer diameter,
and wall thicknesses as the pipe or tube being replaced.
11.4.3 Preparation of the penalty run specimens shall be in
accordance with Section 12.
11.4.4 Penalty run specimens shall be identified in accor-
dance with 12.3 and 11.4.5.
11.4.5 In addition to the part number and test specimen
number, a designator shall be placed after the test specimen
number which would allow the specimen to be identified as a
penalty run specimen. The method used to identify penalty run FIG. 1 Typical Specimen Geometries
specimens shall be at the manufacturer’s option.
12.3 Identification of Test Specimens—Each test specimen
shall be identified with a unique number to provide traceability
12. Specimen Preparation
back to the test records.
12.1 Specimen preparation and installation of MAFs on 12.3.1 Identification of test specimens shall be permanent.
appropriate testing apparatus shall be in accordance with the In those cases in which size or design does not permit
manufacturer’s recommended procedures. permanent markings, tagging or bagging may be used.
12.1.1 Permanent MAFs shall be assembled at the minimum 12.3.2 When, as a result of testing, a test specimen is
allowable insertion depth permitted by the manufacturer’s sectioned into two or more pieces, the identification method
recommended procedure. shall be as specified in 12.3.1.
12.1.2 Separable MAFs shall be assembled using the mini-
mum value (that is, torque, nut rotation, and so forth) permitted 13. Test Methods
by the manufacturer’s recommended procedure. 13.1 Standard Qualification Tests—All tests used to qualify
12.2 Assembly of Specimens—MAFs qualified under the MAFs shall be as specified in the Annexes. The following
requirements of this specification shall be tested and qualified primary tests are described:
as a completed assembly. The acceptance of similar, but Name of Test Section
different, MAF designs shall not permit the intermixing of their
Performance Tests for MAFs A1
subcomponents such as sleeves, nuts, and ferrules. Examination of Specimen A2
12.2.1 Test specimens used in testing shall be assembled Pneumatic Proof Test A3
using a MAF of a single type, grade (or combination of Hydrostatic Proof Test A4
Impulse Test A5
grades), and pipe or tube material. Flexure Fatigue Test A6
12.2.2 The wall thickness and outer diameter size of the Tensile Test A7
pipe or tube shall be selected in accordance with the MAF sizes Hydrostatic Burst Test A8
Repeated Assembly Test A9
(see 7.3.4) being qualified. Rotary Flexure Test A10
12.2.3 The test specimens shall be assembled using the Mercurous Nitrate Test A11
specimen geometry specified in Fig. 1.

8
 F 1387 – 99 (2005)
13.2 Supplementary Tests—When one or more of the is bent 90°. If the specimen fractures, the fractured surface
supplementary requirements are requested by the purchaser shall show no evidence of preexisting cracks or incomplete
(see 1.2), the following applicable test(s) shall also be per- fusion, and the sum of the lengths of inclusions and porosity
formed: visible on the fractured surface shall not exceed 10 % of the
Name of Test Section total area. Cracking or tearing of the parent material is
acceptable.
General Requirements S1
Thermal Cycling Test S2 13.4.3.2 Two MAFs shall be tested. Remove all weld
Elevated Temperature Soak Test S3 flashing. Position each MAF between two parallel plates in a
Stress Corrosion Test S4 manual or hydraulic press, or between the jaws of a multiple-
Torsion Test S5
Shock Test S6 jaw hydraulic press. The weld shall be located 3.2 mm (1⁄8 in.)
Fire Test S7 from the face of the plates or jaws. Flatten the MAF against
Vibration Test S8 itself between the parallel plates or crush the MAF to within
13.3 Certification of Test Results—If certified test results are 50 % of its original diameter between the multiple jaws. There
required, a certification shall be provided to the purchaser as shall be no indication of cracking or tearing in the weld joints.
specified in the contract or purchase order. Cracking or tearing of parent material is acceptable.
13.4 In-Process Inspection Tests—The following tests shall 13.4.3.3 Test two MAFs. Take a cross section of the weld
be performed by the manufacturer in accordance with in-house from each MAF. Smooth and etch one face of each cross
practices and when specified in the contract or purchase order: section to give a clear definition of the weld metal and
13.4.1 Metallographically prepare, microexamine, and test heat-affected zone. When examined, the weld and the heat-
for hardness and microstructural conformance to the manufac- affected zone shall show complete fusion and freedom from
turer’s appropriate specification a random sample of Type III cracks.
ferrules, as specified in 10.4.1. An appropriate specification is
defined as the documented procedures that the manufacturer 14. Inspection
uses on a continuing basis to produce ferrules. Such ferrules 14.1 Terms of Inspection—Unless otherwise specified in the
shall be of the same quality as those used in the assemblies that contract or purchase order, the manufacturer is responsible for
were previously tested and found to satisfy the performance the performance of all inspection requirements (examination
requirements of this specification. and tests) specified herein.
13.4.2 Randomly select a minimum of five Type III ferrules 14.2 Raw Material Inspection—Each lot of raw material
from each lot as specified in 10.5 and test for cut bite quality. used to produce MAFs in accordance with this specification
13.4.2.1 Preset the Type III ferrules onto tubing as specified shall be inspected for conformance to the applicable material
in 13.4.2.2. After disassembly, drive back each ferrule to specification. A lot of raw material shall consist of bars, pipe,
expose the ring cut for examination. The cut bite shall tube, forgings, or castings of the same heat, produced at
completely encircle the periphery of the tube. The cut bite shall essentially the same time and submitted for inspection at the
be clean, smooth, and uniform. A jagged irregular cut bite is same time.
unacceptable. There shall be no longitudinal or circumferential 14.3 Quality Conformance Inspection—MAFs shall be vi-
cracks on the ferrule before driving it back. sually and dimensionally examined to verify compliance with
13.4.2.2 Use Type 304 tubing in accordance with Specifi- the appropriate drawings. Quality conformance inspection
cations A 213/A 213M, A 249/A 249M, or A 269 for testing shall be performed on each lot of MAFs produced under this
corrosion-resistant steel MAFs. Use SAE 1010 tubing to test specification.
carbon steel MAFs. The tubing materials as specified will 14.3.1 The inspection lot of MAFs shall include MAFs of
assure consistent results of testing. Preset Type III ferrules onto the same size and shape manufactured under essentially the
the tubing in accordance with the manufacturer’s recom- same conditions from the same lot of material and submitted
mended procedures using either a presetting machine, preset- for inspection at one time.
ting tool, or the MAF. 14.4 Process Control Inspection—MAFs shall be inspected
13.4.2.3 When the Type III ferrules are manufactured from throughout the entire manufacturing and processing cycle.
materials other than those specified in 13.4.2.2, conduct the test Methods of inspection shall be in compliance with the manu-
using tubing material as recommended by the manufacturer. facturer’s quality assurance procedures.
13.4.3 Fracture test a minimum of four MAFs selected at 14.5 Inspection Records—Inspection records shall be main-
random from each lot of welded MAFs as specified in 13.4.3.1 tained by the manufacturer. The length of time on file shall be
and then either crush test in accordance with 13.4.3.2 or in accordance with the manufacturer’s quality assurance pro-
macroexamine in accordance with 13.4.3.3. cedures.
13.4.3.1 Test two MAFs. Cut each MAF into two or more 14.6 Performance Testing Records—The manufacturer shall
sections. Cut the sections so that the weld is perpendicular to maintain a record of all performance tests throughout the life of
the longitudinal axis of the section. The total width of the the MAF design.
sections taken from each MAF shall be equal to or exceed one 14.6.1 The original test specimens, as well as replacement
fourth of the circumference of the MAF. Remove all weld or penalty run specimens, used in performance testing to meet
flashing. Load each section laterally in such a way that the root qualification shall be maintained by the manufacturer for a
of the weld is in tension. Bend the section until it fractures or minimum of two years.

9
 F 1387 – 99 (2005)
14.6.2 Inspection records relating to the performance tests (material marking is not required for Type V MAF). When
shall be maintained in accordance with 14.5. shape or size does not permit inclusion of all required
markings, the information may be omitted in the reverse order
15. Certification presented.
15.1 Certification of Testing or Inspection—When re- 16.1.1 When MAFs are comprised of multiple components
quested by the purchaser, the manufacturer shall supply written that are assembled, the marking methods used to identify the
certifications that the MAF has been tested and qualified in assembly (and each of its components) shall be as agreed to
accordance with this specification. between the manufacturer and the purchaser.
15.2 Certification of Raw Material—A certificate of com- 16.2 Additional Markings—When specified in the contract
pliance or mill certificate shall be obtained from the material or purchaser order, additional markings other than those
supplier. This certificate shall state that all applicable require- specified shall be applied.
ments of the raw material are met. As a minimum, the material
specification shall specify the chemical and mechanical re-
17. Keywords
quirements of the material.
17.1 axially swaged; bite-type; elastic strain preload (esp);
16. Product Marking fittings; flared; flareless; grip type; mechanically attached
16.1 Product Marking—Each MAF shall be marked with fittings (MAFs); piping; radially swaged; shape memory alloy
the manufacturer’s name or trademark, size, and material (SMA); tubing

SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS

The following supplementary requirements shall apply only when specified in part or whole by the
purchaser in the contract or purchase order.

S1. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

S1.1 Scope S1.1.2 Cadmium plating shall not be used on MAFs in-
S1.1.1 This section covers the general requirements that, tended for use on U.S. Navy vessels.
unless otherwise specified, apply to the Annex or this section S1.1.3 This section is applicable to MAFs that are designed
whenever invoked individually or collectively by the purchaser for the following pipe or tube sizes:
of MAFs in the contract or purchase order. The testing S1.1.3.1 This supplementary section is applicable to MAFs
requirements specified herein are applicable to all the tests suitable for pipe outside diameters for NPS 3.2 mm (1⁄8 in.)
described in Sections S2 through S8 (see Table S1.1). The through 63.5 mm (21⁄2 in.).
requirements covered herein are outlined as follows: S1.1.3.2 This supplementary section is applicable to MAFs
S1.3 Testing Requirements suitable for tube outside diameters from 6.4 mm (0.250 in.) to
S1.4 Quality Assurance Requirements 73.0 mm (2.875 in.).
S1.5 Product Marking Requirements
S1.1.3.3 Other pipe or tube sizes, with supporting data, may
be submitted to the purchaser for evaluation and approval.
TABLE S1.1 Supplementary TestsA S1.1.4 The following supplementary tests listed herein are
as follows:
Description of Test Number of SpecimensB
Test Section
Examination of specimen (Annex A2) 40
Pneumatic proof test (Annex A3) 40 Thermal Cycling Test S2
Hydrostatic proof test (Annex A4)C 40 Elevated Temperature Soak Test S3
Thermal cycling test (S2)D,E 10 Stress-Corrosion Test S4
Elevated temperature soak test (S3)C 5 Torsion Test S5
Stress-corrosion test (S4) 5 Shock Test S6
Torsion test (S5) 5 Fire Test S7
Shock test (S6)C 5 Vibration Test S8
Fire test (S7)C 5
Vibration testD 5 S1.1.5 The sections listed below from the main body of this
A
Passed specimens shall be used for burst testing (see Annex A8). specification apply to the test specimens used to perform the
B
The number of specimens shown is the minimum amount required for each
test per family of MAF. The number of specimens may increase when various pipe
tests specified in S1.5 (see S1.8). MAFs shall have met the
or tube grades, forms, conditions, and outer diameter wall thickness combinations requirements of Annex A1 and Annex A2 before performing
are tested, unless exempted parametrically (see 7.3). The total minimum amount any test, unless otherwise specified herein.
of specimens required for all tests (including Annex) shall be as specified in S1.3.8.
C
Fire test specimens shall be hydrostatically proof tested using water only. Title Section
D
Specimens may be reused for other primary tests as long as all requirements
herein are complied with for each test (see S1.1.9). Scope 1
E
An equal number of specimens (four minimum) shall be used for the high- and Referenced Documents 2
low-temperature cycle test. Terminology 3

10
 F 1387 – 99 (2005)
Classification 4 S1.3 Testing Requirements
Materials and Manufacture 6
Performance Requirements 7 S1.3.1 MAF test specimens shall be selected for qualifica-
Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance 9 tion in accordance with the requirements specified herein and
Number of Tests and Retest 11 in 7.3.
Specimen Preparation 12
Test Methods 13 S1.3.1.1 Each and every pipe or tube size (both outside
Inspection 14 diameter and wall thickness) and each and every material
Certification 15
Performance Tests for MAFs Annex A1
combination of both pipe or tube (including annealed and
Examination of Specimen Annex A2 drawn conditions) and MAFs may be qualified in accordance
with this specification. If the manufacturer can demonstrate by
S1.1.6 Unless otherwise specified, the requirements speci-
parametric or test data that some tests are not necessary, the
fied in the main body and Annex A1 and Annex A2 of this
purchaser may exempt the manufacturer from the test require-
specification shall apply.
ment on a case-by-case basis.
S1.1.6.1 In the event of a conflict between this supplement
and the requirements specified in the main body of this S1.3.2 The test MAFs shall be of the same base material as
specification and Annex A1 and Annex A2, or both, the the pipe or tube. Other combinations of materials, approved for
requirements specified herein shall take precedence, unless use by the purchaser, must be shown to be galvanically
otherwise invoked in the contract or purchase order by the compatible, or in accordance with MIL-STD-889.
purchaser. S1.3.2.1 MAFs shall be shown to meet the requirements of
S1.1.7 Before beginning performance testing, the manufac- this specification over the full range of pipe or tube tolerances
turer shall obtain approval from the purchaser of the test plan (see S1.3.3.1) either experimentally or by parametric.
to be used. The plan shall include the following information: S1.3.3 Pipe or tube materials used with MAFs shall con-
S1.1.7.1 A matrix showing the MAF grade(s) (or different form to the specifications listed in Table S1.2.
combination(s) of grades) (see 4.2) and MAF class(es) (see S1.3.3.1 Pipe or tube tolerances shall be in accordance with
4.3) to be qualified, the requirements specified in Table S1.2.
S1.1.7.2 MAF sizes selected to qualify every size within its S1.3.3.2 In no case shall the pipe or tube used for testing be
range (see S1.1.3), machined or otherwise changed from its original mechanical or
S1.1.7.3 Compatible pipe or tube materials to be in assem- chemical properties unless otherwise specified in the manufac-
bly with the MAFs to be tested (see Table S1.2), turer’s installation instructions.
S1.1.7.4 Pipe or tube wall thicknesses and sizes selected to S1.3.3.3 The cut pipe or tube ends may be deburred, but not
qualify the pipe or tube throughout its range (see 7.3.5), tapered or otherwise reduced, below the minimum wall thick-
S1.1.7.5 The manufacturer’s recommended procedure cov- ness.
ering the assembly of the MAFs onto pipe or tube (see 12.1), S1.3.4 Strain gages (as required) shall be placed at a
and distance not to exceed 4.6 mm (0.18 in.) from the end(s) of the
S1.1.7.6 Test fluids used for each test (see 7.6.3). MAF pipe or tube joint (see Fig. 1).
S1.1.8 After verification, the purchaser shall approve the S1.3.5 The test specimens shall be marked using the same
matrix or specify any additional tests required for each MAF methods which will be applied to MAFs sold subsequent to
family for the manufacturer to include in the program. qualification.
S1.3.5.1 All test specimens shall be identified in accordance
S1.2 Significance and Use
with the requirements specified in 12.3.
S1.2.1 The significance of this section allows the purchaser S1.3.6 A test specimen shall consist of one or several pipe(s)
of MAFs to invoke those general, testing, or quality assurance or tube(s) joined to MAFs.
requirements individually or collectively to meet their existing S1.3.6.1 MAFs installed on the test apparatus shall be in
requirements. The purchaser may use this section as a guide to accordance with the manufacturer’s recommended procedures
make out an agreement with the manufacturer to fulfill their as approved by the purchaser. No other means of joining the
requirements for MAFs. test connector to the pipe shall be permitted.
S1.3.6.2 Unless otherwise specified in the individual test,
TABLE S1.2 Pipe or Tube Material, Size, and Tolerances (see S7) the specimen geometry (Fig. 1) shall be no less than
five pipe or tube diameters (outside diameter) long on the end
Material Type
Material
Material Size Material Tolerance
of the MAFs being tested.
Specification
S1.3.6.3 After approval of the test plan (see S1.1.7), the test
Carbon steel MIL-P-24691/1 ANSI B 36.10 A 530/A 530M
A 450/A 450M
specimens shall be assembled in accordance with the require-
Chromium MIL-P-24691/2 ANSI B 36.10 A 530/A 530M ments specified in 12.2.
molybdenum A 450/A 450M S1.3.7 The minimum amount of specimens required for
Stainless steel MIL-P-24691/3 ANSI B 36.10 A 530/A 530M
A 450/A 450M each supplementary test shall be as specified in Table S1.1 (see
MIL-T-8606 AND 10102 MS 33531 S1.3.8). A family of MAFs shall consist of a manufacturer’s
Copper-nickel MIL-T-16420 MIL-T-16420 MIL-T-16420 single combination of: pressure rating (class), design (type),
Nickel-copper MIL-T-1368 MIL-T-1368 MIL-T-1368
Copper MIL-T-24107 MIL-T-24107 B 251 and material (grade) including form and condition. A family
requires tests as follows:

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 F 1387 – 99 (2005)
S1.3.7.1 Test each MAF shape. Shapes may be test ex- TABLE S1.3 Test Temperatures
empted only if it can be shown to the purchaser’s satisfaction
Ambient
that they are equivalent to those shapes tested. Test
Low
Temperature
High
Test Temper Temper-
S1.3.7.2 Test the range of MAF sizes, including the smallest Section
atureA,B
21.1°C A
atureA,B
(70°F)
and largest. Test one or more intermediate sizes if the ratio of
the minimum to the maximum pipe or tube outside diameter to Thermal Cycling Test S2 ... ... ...
Thermal Cycling (high) S2.4.1 ... ... X
be tested is equal to or more than ten. Thermal Cycling (low) S2.4.2 X ... ...
S1.3.7.3 Any nonproportional MAF sizes shall be tested Elevated Temperature Soak S3 ... ... X
Stress Corrosion Test S4 3/ 3/ 3/
unless they can be shown parametrically to be equivalent to the Torsion Test S5 ... X ...
sizes tested. Shock Test S6 ... X ...
C C C
S1.3.7.4 Test each pipe or tube material for all material Fire Test S7
Vibration Test S8 ... X ...
conditions of intended use (that is, annealed and drawn). A
The allowable tolerance for all test temperatures is 65°C (610°F).
S1.3.7.5 For each pipe or tube size being tested, test the B
The temperatures given correspond to the category and group system
minimum and maximum nominal wall thickness of pipe or tube temperatures specified in MIL-STD-777.
C
materials selected from Table S1.2. See test procedure for test temperature requirements.

S1.3.8 A minimum of 60 specimens shall be prepared to

cover the unique combinations of a MAF family (see S1.3.7). test specimen attains the temperature designated by the test.
Each primary test shall have a minimum of five specimens The temperature shall be stabilized for a period of 1 h or more.
representing all of the unique combinations of a MAF family. S1.3.12 All testing shall be done at a test laboratory
When the total amount of specimens (including Annex) is acceptable to the purchaser. The test laboratory shall verify that
below 60, additional specimens shall be added to attain the specimens to be tested are as identified and certify results.
minimum of 60 total specimens for all tests (see S1.3.8.5). S1.3.12.1 The test laboratory must establish a mutually
S1.3.8.1 The total number of test assemblies must each pass convenient testing schedule when the purchaser specifies that a
their designated tests successfully to meet the requirements of witness is to be present during testing.
this performance specification. S1.3.13 Unless otherwise specified, the test report shall
S1.3.8.2 The proposed test plan covering unique combina- contain the following information:
tions of test assemblies used in qualification testing shall be S1.3.13.1 Identification number, a description of each speci-
submitted to the purchaser for approval (see S1.1.7). men, and the fabrication process.
S1.3.8.3 The pneumatic test (see Annex A3), the hydrostatic S1.3.13.2 Description of the test apparatus including instru-
test (see Annex A4), and the hydrostatic burst test (see Annex mentation and their settings during the test.
A8) (when performed separately or in combination before or S1.3.13.3 Photographs of test setup including specimen.
after another primary test) are not to be used as a part of the S1.3.13.4 Graphical printout of all data for those tests that
total specimens used for testing because they are connected record a waveform (if requested by the purchaser).
with the pass and fail criteria of the primary test. In all S1.3.13.5 Leakage rate during testing, if any.
instances, they are considered to be a part of the primary test S1.3.13.6 Video tape(s) (fire test only).
and not a separate mechanical test for this calculation. S1.3.13.7 A record of any unusual observations during
S1.3.8.4 Also, comparison tests of pipe or tube without testing.
MAFs do not count as part of these totals. S1.3.13.8 Summary of test results, including but not limited
to the following data in tabular form:
S1.3.8.5 Specimens may be reused for other primary tests as
(1) A description of the specimen shape, pressure rating,
long as all of the requirements herein are complied with for
material, and method of fabrication,
each test (see S1.1.7).
(2) Nominal size, actual pipe outside diameter, actual MAF
S1.3.9 In the event of a test failure, the manufacturer shall inside diameter,
procced in accordance with 11.3. (3) Pipe material (condition and form), class, and wall
S1.3.10 At the option of the purchaser, the test laboratory thickness,
shall cut open or otherwise prepare specimens for detailed (4) Pressure and temperature, or both, applied during and at
examination following any failure. the completion of testing,
S1.3.11 Unless otherwise specified within the test, the (5) Number of cycles or time at specific atmospheric con-
conditions for testing shall be as specified in 7.6 and as ditions,
follows: (6) Reason for termination of any test,
S1.3.11.1 Unless otherwise specified by the purchaser, the (7) Hydrostatic leakage rate and description, (if any),
pressures applied during testing shall be calculated based upon (8) Summary of pass or fail results, and
the class (rated pressure) assigned by the manufacturer in the (9) Calculations (only when requested) to support test data
test plan (see 4.3). The purchaser may also designate a class not submitted in the test report.
specified in 4.3 to fulfill end-system requirements (see 3.1.1).
S1.3.11.2 The test temperature shall be maintained to within S1.4 Quality Assurance Requirements
65°C (610°F), unless otherwise specified by the purchaser S1.4.1 Mill Certification—When specified in the contract or
(see Table S1.3). The test temperature is maintained when the purchase order, a mill certification shall be obtained from the

12
 F 1387 – 99 (2005)
suppliers of all raw materials used in the manufacturing or S1.6 Precision and Bias
fabrication of MAFs. The raw material shall be impounded
S1.6.1 No statement is made about the precision or bias
until required testing or verification, or both, is completed. The
herein since the requirements only apply when invoked by the
types of tests used to verify mechanical, chemical, and physical
purchaser in the purchase order or contract.
properties shall be at the option of the manufacturer.
S1.5 Product Marking Requirements
S1.5.1 Unless otherwise specified in the contract or pur-
chase order, the rated pressure of MAFs shall be marked in
addition to the markings specified in 16.1.1.

S2. THERMAL CYCLING TEST

S2.1 Scope S2.4.1.4 Increase the specimen temperature to the maxi-

S2.1.1 Unless otherwise specified, MAFs shall be subjected mum specified in Table S1.3 within 1 h (see S2.3.5).
to a thermal cycling test. The number of specimens used shall S2.4.1.5 Stabilize the specimen at the high temperature and
be as specified in Table S1.1. rated pressure for a period of 2 h.
S2.4.1.6 At the conclusion of the high-stabilization period,
S2.2 Significance and Use
lower the specimen temperature (while maintaining the rated
S2.2.1 This test determines the ability of MAFs to withstand pressure) to ambient conditions within 1 h and stabilize for an
changes in temperature while being pressurized to the rated additional 2 h (see S2.3.5).
pressure of the MAFs or pipe or tube, whichever is lower. The S2.4.1.7 The steps specified in S2.4.1.4 through S2.4.1.6
test is conducted in high temperature and low temperature.
constitute one cycle. Repeat these steps until three cycles have
This test is used to duplicate conditions that could occur during
been completed (see S2.4.1.2).
in-service use.
S2.4.1.8 After the completion of the third cycle, subject the
S2.3 General Testing Requirements test specimens to a hydrostatic proof test (see Annex A4).
S2.3.1 The test specimens may be tested pneumatically (see S2.4.1.9 After completing the hydrostatic proof test, and if
Annex A3) and hydrostatically (see Annex A4) at the option of there was no leakage during the test period, the specimens have
the manufacturer. passed the high-temperature cycling test.
S2.3.2 An equal number of specimens shall be used for S2.4.2 Low-Temperature Cycling Test:
high-temperature thermal cycling (see S2.4.1) and low- S2.4.2.1 Mount the test specimens in an environment suit-
temperature thermal cycling (see S2.4.2). able for the conditions stated herein.
S2.3.3 The tests shall be conducted using the temperatures
S2.4.2.2 The duration of the test shall be three cycles as
specified in Table S1.3. The specimen may be tested in an
specified in S2.4.2.4 through S2.4.2.6.
environmental chamber held at test temperature.
S2.3.4 The rated test pressure selected for high- and low- S2.4.2.3 Pressurize the specimen with a fluid that will meet
temperature thermal cycling shall be as specified in S1.3.11.1. the low-temperature requirements for this test. The fluid shall
S2.3.5 The time for the temperature of the test fluid to be maintained at the rated pressure as specified in S1.3.11.1
change from high or low to ambient conditions (and back throughout the test period.
again) shall be a maximum of 2 min. S2.4.2.4 Lower the specimen temperature to the tempera-
S2.3.6 The test specimens shall be monitored continuously ture specified in Table S1.3 within 1 h (see S2.3.5).
for leakage throughout the test. S2.4.2.5 Stabilize the specimen at the low temperature and
S2.3.7 If there is any leakage during the thermal cycling rated pressure for a period of 2 h.
tests or subsequent hydrostatic proof tests, the specimens fail S2.4.2.6 At the conclusion of the low-stabilization period,
and the test shall be discontinued at that point. If failure occurs, raise the specimen temperature (while maintaining the rated
follow the instructions specified in S1.3.9. pressure) to ambient conditions within 1 h and stabilize for an
S2.4 Procedure additional 2 h (see S2.3.6).
S2.4.2.7 The steps specified in S2.4.2.4 through S2.4.2.6
S2.4.1 High-Temperature Thermal Cycling:
constitute one cycle and shall be repeated until three cycles
S2.4.1.1 Mount the test specimens in an environment suit-
able for the conditions stated herein. have been completed (see S2.4.2.2).
S2.4.1.2 The duration of the test shall be three cycles as S2.4.2.8 After the completion of the third cycle, subject the
specified in S2.4.1.4 through S2.4.1.6. test specimens to a hydrostatic proof test (see Annex A4).
S2.4.1.3 Fill the specimen with fluid (see 7.6.3) and pres- S2.4.2.9 After completing the hydrostatic proof test, and if
surize it to the rated pressure specified in S1.3.11.1. Maintain there was no leakage during the test period, the specimens have
this pressure throughout the test period. passed the low-temperature cycling test.

13
 F 1387 – 99 (2005)
S2.5 Precision and Bias during the test (see 7.5). There is no bias in the high- and
S2.5.1 The precision of the high- and low-temperature low-temperature cycling test when the M & TE used is
cycling test is established by the accuracy of the measuring and calibrated properly.
test equipment (M & TE) and their permissible tolerances

S3. ELEVATED TEMPERATURE SOAK TEST

S3.1 Scope S3.3.5 If there is any leakage during the elevated tempera-
S3.1.1 Unless otherwise specified, MAFs shall be subjected ture soak test, or hydrostatic proof or burst tests, the specimens
to an elevated temperature soak test. The number of specimens fail and the test shall be discontinued at that point. If failure
used shall be as specified in Table S1.1. A minimum of two occurs, follow the instructions specified in S1.3.9.
passed specimens must be submitted for burst test (see Annex
S3.4 Procedure
A8).
S3.4.1 Maintain the test specimens at the rated pressure and
S3.2 Significance and Use at the temperatures specified in Table S1.3 for the material
S3.2.1 This test determines the ability of MAFs to withstand being tested, for a minimum of 100 h, in an air environment.
a constant temperature level while pressurized to the rated S3.4.2 At the completion of 100 h, air-cool the test speci-
pressure of the MAFs or pipe or tube, whichever is lower. After men to ambient temperature.
100 h, the specimens are cooled to ambient temperature and S3.4.3 After ambient temperature is attained, subject the test
subjected to further tests. This test is used to duplicate specimens to a hydrostatic proof test as specified in Annex A4.
conditions which could occur during in-service use. S3.4.4 Upon completion of the hydrostatic proof test, sub-
ject a minimum of two test specimens to a hydrostatic burst test
S3.3 General Testing Requirements in accordance with the requirements specified in Annex A8.
S3.3.1 The test specimens may be tested pneumatically (see S3.4.5 The specimens successfully pass when there is no
Annex A3) and hydrostatically (see Annex A4) at the option of visible evidence of leakage during the elevated temperature
the manufacturer. soak test or during the hydrostatic proof and burst test.
S3.3.2 The tests shall be conducted using the temperatures
specified in Table S1.3 for this test. S3.5 Precision and Bias
S3.3.3 The test pressure selected for the elevated tempera- S3.5.1 The precision of the elevated temperature soak test is
ture soak test shall be as specified in S1.3.11.1. established by the accuracy of the measuring and test equip-
S3.3.4 The specimen shall be filled with fluid (see 7.6.3) and ment (M & TE) and their permissible tolerances during the test
pressurized to the rated pressure specified in S1.3.11.1. This (see 7.5). There is no bias in the elevated temperature soak test
pressure shall be maintained throughout the test period. when the M & TE used is properly calibrated.

S4. STRESS-CORROSION TEST

S4.1 Scope S4.3.2 The tests shall be conducted using the temperatures
specified in Test Method B 117 for this test.
S4.1.1 Unless otherwise specified, MAFs shall be subjected
to a stress-corrosion test. The number of specimens used shall S4.3.3 The performance test pressure selected for the stress-
be as specified in Table S1.1. corrosion test shall be as specified in S1.3.11.1.
S4.3.4 A combined axial stress (bending and internal pres-
S4.2 Significance and Use sure) applied during the test shall be a minimum of two thirds
of the yield strength of the pipe or tube materials specified in
S4.2.1 This test determines the ability of MAFs to withstand Table S1.2. The axial stress as a result of the applied internal
the effects of corrosion while being subjected to a bending pressure shall be calculated using the following formula:
stress. Upon completion of 50 h, the specimens are examined
and then subjected to a hydrostatic proof test (see Annex A4). Pd2
S5
This test is used to duplicate conditions that could occur during D 2 d2
2

in-service use.
where:
S4.3 General Testing Requirements S = stress,
S4.3.1 The test specimens may be tested pneumatically (see P = pressure,
Annex A3) and hydrostatically (see Annex A4) at the option of D = outside diameter, and
the manufacturer. d = inside diameter.

14
 F 1387 – 99 (2005)
S4.3.4.1 When other materials are used, cite reference used S4.4.5 After testing, subject the test specimen to a hydro-
for yield strength values. static proof test (see Annex A4).
S4.3.5 The apparatus shall be equipped with calibrated S4.4.6 Clean and metallurgically examine the test specimen
gages (see 7.5.1) which permit visual readings of the strain including sectioning of the MAF and pipe or tube throughout
being applied. The apparatus shall be designed to shut down in the high-stress area. The following conditions shall be checked
the event that pressure is lost during the period of the test. and shall not have occurred:
S4.3.6 Calibrated strain gages shall be located on the high S4.4.6.1 Indication of cracking or pitting of the exposed
stress side of the pipe or tube as shown in the geometries in surfaces of MAF and tubing within one diameter of the MAF
Fig. 1. greater than that exhibited on the remainder of the tubing when
S4.3.7 If there is any leakage during the stress-corrosion test visually examined with 103 power magnification.
or hydrostatic proof test, the specimens fail and the test shall be S4.4.6.2 Leakage or burst at a value less than the specified
discontinued at that point. If failure occurs, follow the instruc- test pressure (see S4.4.3).
tions specified in S1.3.9. S4.4.6.3 Indications of inter- or trans-granular stress corro-
sion paths during metallurgical examination of longitudinal
S4.4 Procedure and transverse sections of the MAF and pipe or tube junction.
S4.4.1 Install the test specimens in a test fixture which can S4.4.7 The specimens successfully pass this test when they
impose a stress level equivalent to two thirds of the yield complete the stress-corrosion test without showing any of the
strength of the pipe or the tube material less the axial stress as indications specified in S4.4.6 and successfully complete the
a result of the internal pressure (see S4.3.4). hydrostatic proof test requirements specified in Annex A4.
S4.4.2 Apply bending stress to the MAF and pipe or tube
interface. Take and record a strain gage reading. S4.5 Precision and Bias
S4.4.3 Pressurize the test specimen to the rated pressure (see S4.5.1 The precision of the stress-corrosion test is estab-
S1.3.11.1). lished by the accuracy of the measuring and test equipment (M
S4.4.4 With the applied stress locked into place, subject the & TE) and their permissible tolerances during the test (see 7.5).
specimen to the standard salt spray test in accordance with Test There is no bias in the stress-corrosion test when the M & TE
Method B 117 for 50 h. used is calibrated properly.

S5. TORSION TEST

S5.1 Scope S5.4.2 Secure one end of the specimen in a vise. Do not
S5.1.1 Unless otherwise specified, MAFs shall be subjected pressurize the specimen.
to a torsion test. The number of specimens used shall be as S5.4.3 Using an appropriate tool, clamp onto the specimen
specified in Table S1.1. and rotate the opposite end until permanent deformation or
displacement of the pipe or tube occurs relative to the MAF.
S5.2 Significance and Use Deformation or displacement occurs when:
S5.2.1 This test determines the ability of MAFs to withstand S5.4.3.1 The spring-back position shows permanent angular
displacement of the MAFs and pipe or tube joint through the deflection of the straight line. The line should deflect no less
application of torque. After creating this displacement between than 1.6 mm (0.0625 in.) at four pipe or tube diameters from
the MAF and the pipe or tube, the test assembly is subjected to near the end of the MAF joint or,
a hydrostatic proof test in accordance with the requirements S5.4.3.2 Relative displacement occurs between the MAF
specified in Annex A4. This test is used to simulate environ- and the pipe or tube when the line remains straight but rotates
mental conditions that could occur during end-service use. with respect to MAF. The pipe or tube shall be rotated a
minimum of 30° from the original position in the MAF joint or,
S5.3 General Testing Requirements S5.4.3.3 In any event, the maximum torque applied shall be
S5.3.1 The test specimens may be tested pneumatically (see 542 N·m (400 ft-lbf).
Annex A3) and hydrostatically (see Annex A4) at the option of S5.4.4 After displacement or deformation has occurred, or
the manufacturer. maximum torque has been applied, subject the test specimen to
S5.3.2 The tests shall be conducted at ambient temperature a hydrostatic proof test in accordance with the requirements
as specified in Table S1.3 for this test. specified in Annex A4.
S5.3.3 If there is any leakage during the hydrostatic proof S5.4.5 The specimens successfully pass when the following
test, the specimen fails and the test shall be discontinued at that conditions are met:
point. If failure occurs, follow the instructions specified in S5.4.5.1 Permanent MAF completes the hydrostatic proof
S1.3.9. test without any leakage. If leakage occurs see S5.3.3.
S5.4.5.2 Separable MAF completes the hydrostatic proof
S5.4 Procedure test without any leakage. If leakage occurs in the initial test, the
S5.4.1 Draw a straight line from end to end on the specimen specimen may be tightened no more than one-fourth turn
to be tested. (record this occurrence in accordance with S1.3.13.8, (7) and

15
 F 1387 – 99 (2005)
(8)). After tightening, the hydrostatic proof test shall be their permissible tolerances during the test (see 7.5). There may
performed from the beginning without any leakage. If leakage be bias in the results of the torsion test if the line drawn has
occurs during the secondary test, see S5.3.3. irregular edges or is too thick or is thick and thin, which may
make it difficult to measure the amount of actual displacement.
S5.5 Precision and Bias
S5.5.1 The precision of the torsion test is established by the
accuracy of the measuring and test equipment (M & TE) and

S6. HIGH IMPACT SHOCK TEST

S6.1 Scope S6.4 Procedure

S6.1.1 Unless otherwise specified, MAFs shall be subjected S6.4.1 Fill each test specimen with fluid in accordance with
to a high impact shock test. The number of specimens used 7.6.3 before installation onto the shock test fixture.
shall be as specified in Table S1.1. A minimum of two passed S6.4.2 Pressurize the test specimens to the rated pressure of
specimens shall be used for burst test (see Annex A8). the MAF or pipe or tube, whichever is lower (see S1.3.11.1).
S6.2 Significance and Use S6.4.3 With the test specimen pressurized, subject it to
impacts from hammer drop heights of 304.8 mm (1 ft), 914.4
S6.2.1 This test verifies the ability of MAFs to withstand a mm (3 ft), and 1524 mm (5 ft). The test criteria shall be in
series of impacts while being pressurized to the rated pressure conformance with MIL-S-901 (for Grade A, Class I, Type A,
of the MAFs or pipe or tube, whichever is lower. This test is lightweight hull-mounted equipment).
used to duplicate in-service conditions that could occur. S6.4.4 After completion of high-impact shock test, subject
S6.3 General Testing Requirements the specimens to a hydrostatic proof test (see Annex A4)
followed by a burst test (see Annex A8).
S6.3.1 The test specimens may be tested pneumatically (see
Annex A3) and hydrostatically (see Annex A4) at the option of S6.4.5 The test specimens successfully pass high-impact
the manufacturer. shock testing when they do not show evidence of leakage
S6.3.2 The tests shall be conducted using the temperatures during the shock test, hydrostatic proof test, and burst test.
specified in Table S1.3 for this test.
S6.3.3 The rated pressure selected for the high-impact S6.5 Precision and Bias
shock test shall be as specified in S1.3.11.1. S6.5.1 The precision of the high-impact shock test is estab-
S6.3.4 If there is any leakage during the high-impact shock lished by the accuracy of the measuring and test equipment (M
test or subsequent hydrostatic proof test, the specimens fail and & TE) and their permissible tolerances during the test (see 7.5).
the test shall be discontinued at that point. If failure occurs, There is no bias in the high-impact shock test when the M &
follow the instructions specified in S1.3.9. TE used is calibrated properly.

S7. FIRE TEST

S7.1 Scope catastrophic failure of the test specimen. Precautions shall be taken to
protect personnel and facilities.
S7.1.1 Unless otherwise specified, MAFs shall be subjected
to a fire test. The amount of specimens required for testing shall S7.2 Significance and Use
be as specified in Table S1.1 (see S1.3.7). S7.2.1 This test establishes a combined exposure of internal
S7.1.2 This test should be used to measure and describe the
pressure and external heat flux to determine the ability of
response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame
MAFs to withstand a 30–min simulated fire condition. Heat
under controlled conditions and should not be used to describe
flux instead of temperature was selected because it is a better
or appraise the fire hazard or the fire risk of materials, products,
measure of fire exposure. The pressure and heat flux exposure
or assemblies under actual fire conditions. However, results of
specified herein represents a specific fire condition that could
this test may be used as elements of a fire hazard assessment or
occur on board ship. The specified exposure is not sufficient to
a fire risk assessment which takes into account all the factors predict the survival of MAFs during all types and sizes of
that are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard or the fire
shipboard fires. After the fire test, MAF specimens are sub-
risk of a particular end use.
jected to hydrostatic proof tests. MAFs are graded according to
S7.1.3 Limitation—This fire test is a part of a set of tests
the amount of leakage during the hydrostatic tests. The fire test
used for evaluating the performance characteristics of MAFs. It
may be used to determine the acceptability of MAFs for use in
is not intended for use independently in part or whole (see 1.5). fire hazardous areas on board ship where fire conditions such as
NOTE S7.1—High pressures created during this test can result in those caused by a flammable liquid fire could occur.

16
 F 1387 – 99 (2005)
S7.3 General Testing Requirements S7.3.9.1 The furnace thermocouple assembly is to be in-
S7.3.1 The test specimens may be pneumatically tested (see serted through a standard weight 12.7-mm (1⁄2-in.) steel or
Annex A3) and hydrostatically tested with water (see Annex chrome-nickel alloy pipe. The thermocouple junction is to
A4) at the option of the manufacturer. protrude 12.7 mm (1⁄2 in.) from the open end of the pipe.
S7.3.10 Heat flux (or temperature) and pressure shall be
S7.3.2 All testing shall be done at a test laboratory accept-
monitored continuously and recorded at intervals not exceed-
able to the purchaser (see S1.3.12).
ing 10 s during the first 5 min and every 30 s thereafter.
S7.3.2.1 The fitting manufacturer must submit advance S7.3.10.1 Measure the internal pressure of MAF specimens
proof of ability of the independent test laboratory to meet the with transducers appropriate to each specimen’s test pressure.
requirements specified by the purchaser (including: facilities, S7.3.11 Instead of continuous heat-flux measurement, the
equipment, personnel, instrumentation, and sample data). furnace or other apparatus may be calibrated to establish a
S7.3.3 The fire test laboratory shall verify that specimens to time-temperature curve that provides the required heat flux to
be tested are identified properly, conduct all tests, and certify each specimen. The calibrated time-temperature conditions
results. must be measured and successfully reproduced in every
S7.3.3.1 Fire test laboratory personnel shall witness test subsequent material test. Measure temperature and heat flux
specimen installation and provide certification of fabrication in and follow:
accordance with approved written fabrication techniques and S7.3.11.1 For each specimen location, measure a spatial
procedures. average of the total cold wall heat flux that would exist at all
S7.3.4 After verification of the unique combinations of the exposed surfaces of the longest specimen to be tested in that
fitting family (see S1.3.7), the purchaser may specify one location. Position the heat-flux gages within a 115–cm (6–in.)
additional random fire test for each manufacturer to include in radial distance of the specimen centerline.
its test plan. S7.3.11.2 Measure the heating environment temperature
S7.3.5 The specimens to be tested shall be assembled in with not less than six furnace thermocouples as specified in
accordance with the geometries shown in Fig. 1, except that the S7.3.9 symmetrically distributed at the outer boundaries of, but
minimum pipe or tube length shall be as specified in S7.4.2. not in contact with, the test specimen(s). Any cage or other
S7.3.5.1 Connection of each MAF to pipe or tube shall be safety barrier must be included in the calibration test.
done using the manufacturer’s approved assembly procedures S7.3.11.3 If the furnace or other apparatus has provision for
(see S1.3.6). multiple specimens, calibrate each position with all other
S7.3.5.2 The MAFs assembled into fire test specimens shall positions occupied to assure specimens are not shielded from
be the same in all respects as the MAFs subjected to other tests direct impingement of the required flux.
herein and in the Annex. S7.3.11.4 The furnace or apparatus must be recalibrated
S7.3.6 Any furnace or other apparatus large enough to each time it is repaired or modified or once per year or every
expose the minimum length of specimen (see 7.4.2) to the 300 test h, whichever is first.
required heat flux may be used. S7.4 Procedure
S7.3.6.1 If an electric furnace is used, a thin coat of flat
S7.4.1 Pressurize and instrument each specimen separately,
black paint must be applied to each specimen before the fire
except that the specimens requiring the same test pressure may
test.
be manifolded. When a manifold is used, any leakage invali-
S7.3.6.2 Multiple specimens may be tested at the same time dates the fire test for all specimens manifolded. See S1.3.9 for
if the required heat flux exposure of each specimen is assured. further instructions.
S7.3.7 Any fuel that achieves the required heat flux may be S7.4.1.1 Specimens shall be unrestrained at one end to
used. allow for expansion.
S7.3.8 Install sufficient total heat-flux gages within a 15–cm S7.4.1.2 Assembly supports shall be beyond the minimum
(6–in.) radial distance of each specimen centerline to measure specimen exposure length specified in S7.4.2.
a spatial average of the total cold wall heat flux at all exposed S7.4.2 Expose a fitting with pipe or tube length at each
surfaces of each specimen during all tests. Alternatively, outlet as follows:
precalibrate the furnace or other apparatus as specified in S7.4.2.1 If the entire pipe or tube length is exposed to the
S7.3.11. required heat flux, the minimum length of that pipe or tube
S7.3.8.1 Measure the required heat flux using circular foil shall be three outside diameters.
heat-flux gages (often call Gardon gages after the developer). S7.4.2.2 If any pipe or tube extends beyond the area of
The gage must be calibrated and water cooled and must sense required heat flux, the length of the pipe or tube actually
total heat flux (radiant and convective). exposed to the required heat flux shall be a minimum of ten
outside diameters.
NOTE S7.3—Test Methods E 511 and E 1529 describe the design and S7.4.2.3 Less pipe or tube length may be exposed if
use of circular foil heat flux gages. screening tests prove that the fitting heats at the same rate with
S7.3.9 Furnace thermocouples, if used, are to be fabricated less pipe exposed to the required heat flux.
by fusion welding the twisted ends of 1.63-mm (0.064-in.) S7.4.3 The specimen test pressure shall be the rated pressure
diameter chromel-alumel wires having a time constant of 2 min of the MAF or the temperature-adjusted rated pressure (PTEMP)
or less and mounting the wires in porcelain insulators. of the pipe or tube, whichever is lower.

17
 F 1387 – 99 (2005)
S7.4.3.1 Calculate the temperature-adjusted rated pressure S7.4.5.1 The fire exposure shall provide a spatial average
for the appropriate pipe or tube material being tested using the total cold wall heat flux of at least 120 kW/m2 within 3 min to
following formula: all exposed surfaces of each specimen and maintain +20 and
2tmin sTEMP tmin sTEMP −0 % of that flux throughout the remainder of the test.
PTEMP 5 Fs 3 OD 5 OD S7.4.5.2 Expose each specimen in an environment meeting
the fire requirements (see S7.4.5) for 30 min.
S7.4.6 If there is any leakage during the 30-min fire period,
where: the fire test is invalid. See S1.3.9 for further instructions.
Fs = 0.5 factor of safety, S7.4.7 Immediately after completing the fire exposure, al-
t min = minimum wall thickness, low the test specimens to cool to ambient temperature. Upon
sTEMP = temperature-adjusted yield strength of the pipe
attaining room temperature, subject the test specimens to a
or tube at 927°C (1700°F) (see S7.4.3.2), and
hydrostatic proof test.
OD = outside diameter of pipe or tube.
S7.4.7.1 Conduct the hydrostatic proof test in accordance
S7.4.3.2 Use the following temperature-adjusted yield with the requirements specified in Annex A4 except for the
strength (sTEMP) values for the calculation of PTEMP specified following:
in S7.4.3.1: (1) Fill the specimens with clean fresh water.
Material sTEMP
(2) Pressurize the test specimen to 150 % of rated pressure
Carbon steel 14.00 MPa (2.000 ksi) and maintain pressure for at least 30 min.
CRES (3xx/3xxL) 41.00 MPa (6.000 ksi) (3) Perform the hydrostatic proof test in the same test
CUNI (70/30) 11.00 MPa (1.600 ksi)
CUNI (90/10) 8.00 MPa (1.200 ksi)
laboratory as the fire test.
Copper 1.00 MPa (0.150 ksi) (4) Measure the total accumulated leakage of the hydro-
static proof test.
S7.4.4 Pressurize the specimens with nitrogen (N2) or dry S7.4.7.2 Total accumulated leakage from the fitting for the
air. Control the pressure of the gas as follows: duration of the hydrostatic proof test shall be classified with the
S7.4.4.1 Before the fire exposure, precharge each specimen following grades:
with an estimated mass of gas such that after 5 min the total Grade Amount of Leakage, mLA
pressure of expanding gas inside the heated specimen will
reach 100 6 10 % of the specimen test pressure. Verify there is L-0 0 (None)
L-10 >0 and <10B
no leakage. L-50 >10 and <50
S7.4.4.2 During the first 5 min of fire exposure, allow Failure >50
specimen pressure to rise uncontrolled up to 110 % of the test A
Total accumulated leakage for the duration of the postfire hydrostatic test.
pressure. If necessary, bleed out gas to maintain 100 6 10 % of B
Symbol “>” means “greater than.” Symbol “<” means “less than or equal to.”
the test pressure.
S7.4.4.3 After 5 min of fire exposure, control specimen S7.4.8 The test specimen fails if there is leakage greater
pressure to maintain 100 6 5 % of the test presssure until 20 than or equal to 50 mL at the fitting joint or within one
min of fire exposure. diameter of the fitting joint during the post-fire or hydrostatic
S7.4.4.4 After 20 min of fire exposure, close the valves test.
controlling specimen pressure to seal the specimens. S7.4.8.1 Failure of the pipe away from the fitting does not
S7.4.4.5 A safety relief valve may be used throughout the disqualify a fitting. Failure within one diameter of the fitting
fire exposure. If a relief valve is used, the opening pressure constitutes failure of the fitting unless it is shown by tests of
setting shall be at least 10 % above the test pressure. Instru- pipe alone that the fitting is not likely to have contributed to the
ment the relief valve and record the opening times. pipe failure.
S7.4.4.6 After 20 min of fire exposure, pressure variations S7.4.9 Complete the test report for the fire test in accor-
within each MAF specimen as a result of variations in dance with S1.3.13.
specimen gas temperature or specimen volume shall be within S7.5 Precision and Bias
610 % of the specimen test pressure.
S7.5.1 The precision of the fire test is established by the
S7.4.5 Conduct the fire test in a manner that will allow for
accuracy of the test equipment (see 7.5) and permissible
a rapid temperature rise to attain the required heat flux.
tolerances used during the test. There is no bias when the
NOTE S7.4—See Test Method E 1529 for background information on equipment used is properly calibrated to measure accurate
the fire exposure. results.

18
 F 1387 – 99 (2005)
S8. VIBRATION TEST

S8.1 Scope TABLE S8.1 Distance Between Supports

S8.1.1 When invoked by the purchaser, MAFs shall be Designation

subjected to a vibration test. The number of specimens used OD, in. OD, mm F, in. F, mm
OD/NPS
shall be as specified in Table S1.1. ⁄ OD
14 0.250 6.35 16.4 417
⁄ OD
38 0.375 9.53 18.0 457
S8.2 Significance and Use ⁄ NPS
18 0.405 10.29 18.0 457
1⁄2 OD 0.500 12.70 19.0 483
S8.2.1 This test determines the ability of MAFs to withstand 1⁄4 NPS 0.540 13.72 19.0 483
the effects of vibration while being pressurized. After comple- 5⁄8 OD 0.625 15.88 21.0 533
3⁄8 NPS 0.675 17.15 21.0 533
tion of this test, the specimen is subjected to a hydrostatic proof 3⁄4 OD 0.750 19.05 23.0 584
test. This test is used to duplicate conditions that could occur 1⁄2 NPS 0.840 21.34 23.0 584
during in-service use. 1 OD 1.000 25.40 25.0 635
3⁄4 NPS 1.050 26.67 25.0 635
S8.3 General Testing Requirements 11⁄4 OD 1.250 31.75 28.0 711
1 NPS 1.315 33.40 28.0 711
S8.3.1 The test specimen geometry may be in accordance 11⁄2 OD 1.500 38.10 31.0 787
11⁄4 NPS 1.660 42.16 31.0 787
with Fig. 1. The location of strain gages shall be on the high 11⁄2 NPS 1.900 48.26 34.0 864
side of the specimen to within 4.6 mm (0.18 in.) as shown in 2 OD 2.000 50.80 39.0 991
Fig. 1. 2 NPS 2.375 60.33 39.0 991
21⁄2 NPS 2.875 73.66 44.0 1118
S8.3.2 Before beginning the vibration test, the test speci-
mens may be tested pneumatically (see Annex A3) and
hydrostatically (see Annex A4) at the option of the manufac-
turer.
S8.4 Procedure
S8.3.3 The selected specimens shall be filled with fluid in
accordance with 7.6.3 before being placed onto the appropriate S8.4.1 Subject MAF to a vibration test in accordance with
test fixture. MIL-STD-167 (Type I: Environmental).
S8.3.3.1 The test fixture shall be equipped with supports to S8.4.2 Conduct the test in each of the three principle
be attached to the test specimen during testing. The supports directions (X, Y, and Z).
shall be spaced as shown in Fig. S8.1. The distance between S8.4.3 Conduct and complete testing in one direction before
supports shall be as specified in Table S8.1. proceeding to the other.
S8.3.4 The testing frequency ranges applied and vibration S8.4.4 Pressurize the specimens to 100 % of the rated
amplitudes attained shall be recorded in the test report for each pressure of the pipe or tube or fitting, whichever is lower (see
of the tests performed. S1.3.11.1).
S8.3.5 The specimens shall show no evidence of leakage S8.4.5 The test apparatus shall be able to record any drop in
during or at the completion of the test. pressure throughout the duration of the test. If pressure is lost
S8.3.6 At completion of testing, the test specimens shall be at any time during the test and is due to leakage at the MAF
subjected to a hydrostatic proof test in accordance with the joint, the specimens have failed (see S1.3.9).
requirements specified in Annex A4. S8.4.5.1 If there is a loss of pressure through faulty equip-
S8.3.7 The specimens successfully pass the vibration test ment or on the test specimen in any area other than the MAF
after meeting the test requirements herein and passing the joint, note this occurrence in the test report, but it is not to be
subsequent hydrostatic proof test (see Annex A4). considered as a failure of the MAF.
S8.4.6 Perform the following tests: exploratory vibration
test, variable frequency test, and endurance test.

S8.5 Precision and Bias

S8.5.1 The precision of the vibration test is established by
the accuracy of the test equipment (7.5.1.1) and permissible
tolerances used during the test. There is no bias when the
equipment used is calibrated properly to measure accurate
FIG. S8.1 Vibration Test Specimen Geometry results.

19
 F 1387 – 99 (2005)
ANNEXES

(Mandatory Information)

A1. PERFORMANCE TESTS FOR MAF

A1.1 Scope A1.3.2 Tests may be performed by the manufacturer or by a

A1.1.1 This section lists the tests to be used to verify test facility designated by the manufacturer and approved by
whether MAFs meet the performance characteristics of this the purchaser. In all cases, the testing apparatus used to test
specification. In addition, any statements that would apply to MAFs shall be calibrated in accordance with the requirements
all tests are specified in this section to minimize redundancy. specified in 7.5.1.
A1.1.2 The test procedures appear in the following order: A1.3.3 End caps or adapters used to connect the test
Procedure Section specimen assembly to the test apparatus, or plugs used to block
off a specimen end, shall be an optional design designated by
Examination of Specimen Annex A2
Pneumatic Proof Test Annex A3
the manufacturer. The end caps or adapters shall be constructed
Hydrostatic Proof Test Annex A4 as to prevent their failure during testing.
Impulse Test Annex A5
Flexure Fatigue Test Annex A6
A1.3.4 Failure of any test specimen which is related to
Tensile Test Annex A7 separation or leakage at the joint of the end cap or adapter and
Hydrostatic Burst Test Annex A8 pipe or tube shall be recorded in the test report but shall not be
Repeated Assembly Test Annex A9
Rotary Flex Test Annex A10
considered a failure of the MAF pipe or tube combination
Mercurous Nitrate Test Annex A11 being tested. Replacement test specimens shall be prepared in
accordance with Section 12.
A1.1.3 The sections of the main body of this specification
listed below apply to the test specimens used to perform the A1.3.5 Failure of the MAF during testing through causes
tests listed in A1.1.2. which are determined to be related to the MAF design shall be
Title Section
dispositioned in accordance with the requirements specified in
11.3.1. When penalty specimens are used, they shall be
Scope 1 prepared and identified in accordance with 11.3.2. If the
Referenced Documents 2
Terminology 3 penalty specimens successfully pass all required testing, the
Classification 4 initial failure shall be reported but shall not be considered an
Materials and Manufacture 6 issue against the approval for technical qualification of the
Performance Requirements 7
Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance 9 MAF design.
Number of Tests and Retest 11 A1.3.6 MAF test specimen(s) shall be assembled in accor-
Specimen Preparation 12
Test Methods 13
dance with the manufacturer’s recommended procedures.
Inspection 14 A1.3.7 When multiple tests are performed on individual
Certification 15
specimens, the sequence of testing shall be as specified in the
A1.2 Significance & Use test description.
A1.2.1 List of All Tests—Section A1.1.3 and Table 1 provide A1.3.8 MAFs meet the requirements of this specification
a listing of all tests specified herein. The requirements for each after successfully passing all of tests described in Annex
test are as specified in Annex A2-Annex A11. A2-Annex A10. When required, the mercurous nitrate test
A1.2.2 General Information—All of the general informa- specified in Annex A11 shall also be passed.
tion which applies to the tests described shall be as specified in
A1.3. A1.4 Precision and Bias
A1.4.1 No statement is made about either the precision or
A1.3 General Testing Requirements bias of Annex A1, since the result merely states whether there
A1.3.1 The test temperatures shall be as specified in each is conformance to the criteria for success specified in the
individual test. procedure.

A2. EXAMINATION OF SPECIMEN

A2.1 Scope A2.2 Significance and Use

A2.1.1 This procedure covers the inspection and examina- A2.2.1 MAFs are attached to and onto pipe(s) or tube(s), or
tion of test specimens prepared in accordance with the require- both, using a variety of methods (see 1.1). To ascertain the
ments specified in Section 12. integrity of each MAF type covered, it becomes important to

20
 F 1387 – 99 (2005)
subject all types of MAFs to essentially the same tests. When will permit the compatible pipe or tube throughout its given
the same tests are used, the assembly of the test specimens size range to be qualified along with the MAF.
becomes critical to the results of each test performed. The A2.3.5 Quality and workmanship of the test specimens shall
usefulness of this procedure lies in the examination of MAF be in accordance with the requirements specified in Section 9.
test specimens to ensure that resulting geometries duplicate A2.3.6 End caps or adapters used to connect the test
appropriate stresses on all types of MAFs qualified using the specimen to subsequent testing apparatus shall be designed by
tests specified herein. the manufacturer or its designated testing facility.
A2.3.6.1 MAF specimens prepared for mercurous nitrate
A2.3 Procedure testing do not require end caps to be installed.
A2.3.7 During visual examination of the test specimens,
A2.3.1 Assemble MAF test specimens in accordance with
record any unusual circumstances in accordance with the
the manufacturer’s assembly procedures as approved by the
requirements specified in 14.6.
purchaser (see 12.1).
A2.3.8 Record the following information in the test report
A2.3.2 Inspect the test specimen dimensionally to ensure (or form) at the time of examination: date examined, MAF part
that it is in compliance with the specimen geometry specified number, specimen part number, pipe or tube material, outside
in Fig. 1. diameter, wall thickness, and intended use.
A2.3.3 Inspect strain gages (when required) to ensure their
location on the test specimen as shown in Fig. 1. They shall be A2.4 Precision and Bias
calibrated to assure their ability to transmit accurate readings A2.4.1 Precision is based upon the accuracy of the MAF
and data to the equipment being used during the appropriate dimensions in accordance with applicable drawings. The pipe
test. or tube used in conjunction with MAF must be in accordance
A2.3.4 The materials used to assemble the test specimens with the raw material specification recommended by the
shall be in accordance with Section 12. The schedule or the manufacturer. There may be bias for the examination of
nominal wall thickness of the pipe or tube may vary as specimens based upon the human elements involved in the
recommended by the manufacturer for a single MAF size. This visual inspection methods used.

A3. PNEUMATIC PROOF TESTING (OPTIONAL)8

A3.1 Scope A3.3.2 Equip the chamber with calibrated pressure gages
A3.1.1 This section covers pneumatic proof testing of all (see 7.5.1) to permit visual readings of the actual pressure
MAF test specimens (except mercurous nitrate) as specified in being applied.
Table 3. All specimens approved for testing shall be subjected A3.3.3 Completely submerge the test specimen in water
to this test. (H2O) before beginning the test.
A3.3.4 Perform the pneumatic proof test at ambient tem-
A3.2 Significance and Use perature.
A3.2.1 This test is the initial test of all MAF specimens A3.3.5 Initially use nitrogen (N2) or dry air to pressurize the
prepared for testing. The test is performed by pressurizing the test specimens to 0.690 MPa (100 psi) 65 % (shedding of
test specimen(s) using dry air or nitrogen (N2). The initial surface bubbles during the first 1 min is acceptable) for a total
pressure of 0.690 MPa (100 psi) is applied. If there is no period of 5 min. There shall be no evidence of leakage during
leakage, the pressure is gradually increased to 125 % rated the remaining 4-min period. If leakage occurs during the last 4
pressure of the pipe or tube or 3.45 MPa (500 psi), whichever min of this pressurized period, discontinue the test. The
is lower. If the specimen still shows no evidence of leakage affected specimens have failed. Fill out the test report noting
after the second pressurization period, the specimen has the reason for discontinuing the test. See A1.3.4 and A1.3.5 for
successfully passed the test. This test is useful in determining further information.
if the MAF pipe or tube connection has been assembled A3.3.6 If there is no evidence of leakage after the initial
correctly or if the MAF design performs as intended at elevated pressurization period (see A3.3.5) gradually increase the pres-
pressure. sure to 125 % of the rated pressure of the pipe or tube or MAF
or 3.45 MPa (500 psi) 65 %, whichever is lower. Maintain this
A3.3 Procedure pressure for an additional period of 5 min. There shall be no
A3.3.1 Place the test specimen in an appropriate chamber evidence of leakage during this 5-min period. If leakage
and secure it in place in accordance with the manufacturer’s occurs, discontinue the test. The affected specimens have failed
recommended procedures. the test. Fill out the test report noting the reason for discon-
tinuing the test. See A1.3.4 and A1.3.5 for further information.
A3.3.7 If there is no evidence of leakage during both
8
This test is optional as to whether it is performed before all other testing. pressurized periods (except allowable shedding of surface

21
 F 1387 – 99 (2005)
bubbles during initial pressurization), the test specimens have & TE) and their permissible tolerances during the test (see 7.5).
passed the pneumatic proof test. There is no bias in the pneumatic proof test when the M & TE
used is calibrated properly.
A3.4 Precision and Bias
A3.4.1 The precision of the pneumatic proof test is estab-
lished by the accuracy of the measuring and test equipment (M

A4. HYDROSTATIC PROOF TESTING (OPTIONAL)8

A4.1 Scope A4.3.3 Equip the chamber with calibrated pressure gages
A4.1.1 This section covers hydrostatic proof testing of (see 7.5.1) to permit visual readings of actual pressure being
selected MAF test specimens (except mercurous nitrate) as applied.
specified in Table 3. All specimens prepared for testing shall be A4.3.4 Perform the hydrostatic proof test at ambient tem-
subjected to this test. perature.
NOTE A4.1—Those specimens selected for fire testing shall be hydro- A4.3.5 Initially pressurize the test specimens to 0.690 MPa
statically proof tested using water only. (100 psi) 65 % for a total period of 5 min. There shall be no
evidence of leakage during this 5-min period. If leakage
A4.2 Significance and Use occurs, discontinue the test. The affected specimens have failed
A4.2.1 This test is performed by pressurizing the test the test. Fill out the test report noting the reason for discon-
specimens using hydraulic fluid or water (see Note A4.1). The tinuing the test. See A1.3.4 or A1.3.5 for further information.
initial pressure applied, 0.690 MPa (100 psi), tests the as- A4.3.6 If there is no evidence of leakage after the initial
sembled specimen to determine if it can retain fluid without 5-min period (see A4.3.5), gradually increase the pressure at an
leakage at the pipe or tube and MAF joint. If there is no average rate not to exceed 172 MPa/min (25 000 psig/min) to
leakage, the pressure is gradually increased to a second 150 6 5 % of the rated pressure of the pipe or tube or MAF,
pressurization period of 150 % rated pressure of the pipe or whichever is lower. Maintain this pressure for an additional
tube or MAF, whichever is lower. This elevated pressure level period of 5 min. There shall be no evidence of leakage during
tests the ability of the specimens to hold fluid without leakage. this 5-min period. If leakage occurs, discontinue the test. The
A4.2.2 If the specimen still shows no evidence of leakage affected specimens have failed the test. Fill out the test report
after the second pressurization period, the specimens have noting the reason for discontinuing the test. See A1.3.4 and
passed the test. This test is useful in determining the integrity A1.3.5 for further information (as applicable).
of the MAF joint to hold fluid at an elevated pressure without A4.3.7 If there is no evidence of leakage within the MAF or
leakage. After successful completion of this test, the test MAF joint during both pressurized periods, the test specimens
specimens are ready for additional testing. have passed the hydrostatic proof test. The specimens are ready
A4.3 Procedure for further testing.
A4.3.1 Fill the test specimens with fluid which meets the
requirements of 7.6.3 before installation onto the appropriate A4.4 Precision and Bias
testing apparatus. A4.4.1 The precision of the hydrostatic proof test is estab-
A4.3.2 Place the test specimens in a burst chamber and lished by the accuracy of the measuring and test equipment (M
secure into place in accordance with the manufacturer’s & TE) and their permissible tolerances during the test (see 7.5).
recommended procedures. One end of the test specimen shall There is no bias in the hydrostatic proof test when the M & TE
be free to move. used is calibrated properly.

A5. IMPULSE TESTING

A5.1 Scope A5.2 Significance and Use

A5.1.1 This section covers impulse testing of selected MAF A5.2.1 This test is performed by filling the test specimens
test specimens. The number of specimens tested shall be as with hydraulic fluid or water. The maximum pressure attained
specified in Table 3 using the applicable specimen geometries during the impulse cycle shall be 133 % of the performance
shown in Fig. 1. pressure. The specimen is then depressurized to a pressure not
A5.1.1.1 At least 50 % of the separable specimens (Types greater than 20 6 5 % of the performance pressure. Each
II, III, and IV) shall be used for repeat assembly testing before period of pressurization/depressurization is equal to one im-
testing begins, during the testing period, and after the test is pulse cycle. The test specimens must be subjected to one
concluded (see Annex A9). million (106) cycles without leakage.

22
 F 1387 – 99 (2005)
A5.2.2 If the test specimens show no evidence of leakage A5.3.5 Subject the test specimens to impulse pressures at
after completion of the impulse testing, they have passed. If the range specified in A5.3.3. Each application of maximum
any specimens fail during the course of this test, the test for the and minimum pressure shall be equal to one impulse cycle.
failed specimens must be discontinued and the reason for the A5.3.6 The duration of impulse testing shall be 106 cycles at
failure noted in the test report (see A1.3.5). a rate not to exceed 75 cycles per minute (CPM).
A5.2.3 All passed specimens shall then be subjected to a
A5.3.7 After the completion of the impulse test, hydrostati-
hydrostatic proof test as specified in Annex A4. This impulse
test is useful to verify the ability of the MAF joint to maintain cally proof test the test specimens in accordance with the
integrity in the presence of fluctuating system pressure. The requirements specified in Annex A4.
occurrences during impulse testing simulate environments that A5.3.8 There shall be no evidence of leakage during im-
may exist in hydraulic or hydrostatic piping or tubing systems pulse testing or hydrostatic proof testing. If leakage occurs
for which MAF is designed. during either testing period, discontinue the test. The affected
specimens have failed the test. Fill out the test report noting the
A5.3 Procedure reason for discontinuing the test. See A1.3.4 and A1.3.5 for
A5.3.1 Fill the test specimens with hydraulic fluid which further information.
meets the requirements of 7.6.3 before installation onto the A5.3.9 If there is no evidence of leakage at the conclusion
appropriate test apparatus. of impulse or hydrostatic proof testing, the specimens have
A5.3.2 Perform the test at ambient conditions throughout
passed.
the testing period.
A5.3.3 Connect the test specimens onto a testing apparatus
A5.4 Precision and Bias
that is capable of applying a pressure of 133 6 5 % of the
performance pressure of the pipe or tube or MAF, whichever is A5.4.1 The precision of the impulse test is established by
lower, followed by a depressurization to a pressure not greater the accuracy of the measuring and test equipment (M & TE)
than 20 6 5 % of the performance pressure. and their permissible tolerances during the test (see 7.5). There
A5.3.4 Equip the apparatus with calibrated instruments (see is no bias in the impulse test when the M & TE used is
7.5.1) which permit visual readings of the actual pressures calibrated properly.
being applied to the specimens throughout the test period.

A6. FLEXURE FATIGUE TEST

A6.1 Scope A6.3 Procedure

A6.1.1 This section covers the requirements for flexure A6.3.1 Fill the test specimens with hydraulic fluid which
fatigue testing of selected test specimens as specified in Table meets the requirements of 7.6.3 before installation onto the
3. The specimen geometry used shall be as selected from Fig. appropriate testing apparatus.
1. A6.3.2 Equip the apparatus with calibrated gages (see 7.5.1)
A6.1.1.1 At least 50 % of the separable specimens (Types which permit visual readings of the actual pressures being
applied. The apparatus shall be designed to shut down in the
II, III, and IV) shall be used for repeat assembly testing
event that pressure is lost during the period of the test.
specified in Annex A9.
A6.3.3 Locate calibrated strain gages on the high stress side
of the pipe or tube as shown in the geometries in Fig. 1. They
A6.2 Significance and Use
shall be able to transmit accurate data to calibrated equipment
A6.2.1 The significance of this test is to verify the capability which will be capable of displaying visual data or recording
of the MAF joint to perform adequately at rated pressure in a physical data, or both, throughout the period of the test.
flexure environment. The test specimen is subjected to flexure A6.3.4 Conduct the test at ambient conditions throughout
while being pressurized to the maximum rated pressure of the the testing period.
pipe or tube or MAF, whichever is lower. The specimen is A6.3.5 Calculate the axial stress introduced as a result of the
subjected to a bidirectional flexure whose plus (+) and minus internal pressure to be applied using the following formula:
(−) magnitudes are equal to within 2 %. This test is useful in Pd2
simulating environmental conditions which may exist in fluid S5
D 2 d2
2
systems for which MAF is designed.
A6.2.2 If the specimens do not show signs of leakage, they
are subjected to a hydrostatic proof test as specified in Annex where:
A4. The specimen passes when there is no evidence of leakage S = stress,
P = pressure,
after the flexure fatigue test and hydrostatic proof test.

23
 F 1387 – 99 (2005)

D = outside diameter (OD), and mens). Record the average cycle rate used on the test report.
d = inside diameter. Leakage during the test shall result in the automatic shut down
A6.3.6 Introduce a bending moment which will obtain an of the apparatus.
average strain gage reading across the unpressurized specimen A6.3.10 If there is no evidence of leakage at the conclusion
equivalent to the stress level specified in Table A6.1 less the of flexure fatigue testing, subject the passed specimens to a
axial stress calculated (see A6.3.5). hydrostatic proof test as specified in Annex A4.
A6.3.7 After the bending moment is established, pressurize A6.3.11 There shall be no evidence of leakage during
the specimen to the rated pressure of the MAF or pipe or tube, flexure fatigue testing or hydrostatic proof testing. If leakage
whichever is lower. The total axial stress (as a result of bending occurs, discontinue the test. The affected specimens have failed
and internal pressure) shall be a minimum of the values the test. Fill out the test report noting the reason for discon-
specified in Table A6.1. tinuing the test. See A1.3.4 and A1.3.5 for further information.
A6.3.7.1 The flexure rate during the test shall be at the A6.3.12 The specimens pass when there is no evidence of
option of the manufacturer. leakage during the flexure fatigue test and hydrostatic proof
A6.3.8 One cycle shall consist of an excursion from neutral test.
(zero strain) to the maximum positive strain position, to the A6.4 Precision and Bias
maximum negative strain position, and return to neutral.
Maximum positive strain and maximum negative strain shall A6.4.1 The precision of the flexure fatigue test is estab-
be equal to within 2 %. lished by the accuracy of the measuring and test equipment (M
A6.3.9 Subject the specimens to a minimum of 80 000 total & TE) and their permissible tolerances during the test (see 7.5).
cycles (30 000 total cycles for stainless steel (CRES) speci- There is one area of bias for this test. If there is equipment
malfunction, or leakage in the facility, or leakage in an area of
the specimen other than the MAF or MAF joint, which results
TABLE A6.1 Minimum Combined Total Axial Stress ValuesA in loss of pressure and the automatic shutdown does not occur,
it may be possible to achieve a given amount of cycles before
Material Temper Test Stress Value, ksi the loss of pressure is detected. If this occurs, replacement test
CRES (Type 3XX) 259 MPa (38.00) specimens (see A1.3.4) shall be required. The affected test
CRES (Type 3XXL) 259 MPa (38.00)
CuNi (70-30) 124 MPa (18.00)
specimens cannot be considered for further testing and must be
CuNi (90-10) annealed 83 MPa (12.00) discarded. The reason for this is because the original specimens
CuNi (90-10) light drawn 72 MPa (10.50) may have completed the test. If the same specimens were used
Copper annealed 93 MPa (13.50)
Copper drawn 41 MPa (6.00)
and cycled an additional 80 000 cycles (30 000 cycles for
Carbon steel 152 MPa (22.00) stainless steel (CRES)) and failure occurred, absolute verifica-
Chromium-molybdenium 152 MPa (22.00) tion of whether it was because of the design or overstress could
A
Total axial stress as a result of combined pressure and bending. not be determined clearly.

A7. TENSILE TEST

A7.1 Scope A7.2.2 The specimens pass this test when the calculated
A7.1.1 This section covers the requirements for tensile tensile load is achieved without separation of the joint. Move-
testing selected specimens as specified in Table 3. The number ment within the area of the joint is acceptable as long as actual
of specimens for this test shall be as specified in Table 3, using separation does not occur. This test is useful in determining the
the specimen geometries as shown in Fig. 1. strength of the pipe or tube or MAF joint. Based upon the
strength of the joint, the pipe or tube material and wall
thickness can be tailored to withstand failure within the adverse
A7.2 Significance and Use
environments present in fluid systems for which MAF is
A7.2.1 The significance of this test is to apply a tensile load designed.
at a controlled separation speed to establish how much load is
needed to separate the test specimen. The minimum tensile A7.3 Procedure
load occurs during separation of the pipe or tube and MAF A7.3.1 Before tensile testing, the specimens may be sub-
joint. The amount of tensile load applied depends upon the jected to a pneumatic test (see Annex A3) and a hydrostatic test
cross-section area and the yield strength of the pipe or tube. (see Annex A4) at the option of the manufacturer.
The formula specified in A7.3.3 constitutes the criterion for the A7.3.2 Install each test specimen in a constant strain rate
pass or fail requirements of this test. When the minimum tensile machine. The gripping jaws shall be located a minimum
tensile load is calculated, the result should be equal to or less of three pipe or tube diameters from the MAF joint.
than the minimum tensile load required to achieve separation A7.3.3 The constant strain rate tensile machine shall have
of the specimen joint. Failure occurs when separation takes the capability to apply a constant tensile load which will result
place at a point before the calculated tensile load is applied. If in establishing a speed of approximately 1.3 mm/min (0.05
failure occurs, the test shall be discontinued, and the test report in./min) at which cross head minimum tensile pull out force (as
shall be noted with the reason for discontinuing the test. separation occurs) will be attained. Minimum allowable tensile

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 F 1387 – 99 (2005)
load is based upon being equal to or greater than the values their permissible tolerances during the test (see 7.5). There may
stated in the following formula: be bias in the tensile test when separation occurs at a point
Calculated tensile load 5 ~Kt! 3 ~Ap! 3 ~Sy! other than at the MAF joint. If the pipe or tube were to yield
before the MAF pipe or tube joint, this would establish that the
pipe or tube is weaker than the MAF. In this case, a stronger
where: yield of pipe or tube may be needed to determine the strength
Kt = tensile constant of 1.0;
Ap = actual cross-section area of the pipe, mm2 (in.2) of the joint. In another instance, the MAF may yield before the
based on wall thickness; and joint or pipe or tube. If this is the case, reevaluation of the pipe
Sy = minimum specified yield strength of pipe or tube. or tube selected may have to be reconsidered to establish the
true strength of the MAF joint.
A7.4 Precision and Bias
A7.4.1 The precision for the tensile test is established by the
accuracy of the measuring and test equipment (M & TE) and

A8. HYDROSTATIC BURST TEST

A8.1 Scope A8.3.3 Equip the chamber with calibrated pressure gages
A8.1.1 This section covers the test requirements for burst (see 7.5.1) to permit visual readings of actual pressure being
testing. The number of specimens to be tested shall be as applied.
specified in Table 3. A8.3.4 Perform the hydrostatic burst test at ambient tem-
A8.1.1.1 When the Supplementary Section is invoked, perature.
passed specimens from the elevated temperature soak test (S3) A8.3.5 Subject the test specimens to a gradual increase of
and shock test (S6) shall be used instead of new or previously pressure at an average rate not to exceed 127 MPa/min (25 000
tested specimens from tests specified in the Annex. psig/min) to four times the rated pressure of the specimen
assembly and hold for a minimum of 1 min. If leakage or burst
A8.2 Significance and Use
occurs below four times the rated pressure of the specimen
A8.2.1 The significance of this test is two-fold. The first assembly, discontinue the test. The affected test specimens
significant aspect is the burst test itself. This test verifies the have failed the test. Fill out the test report noting the reason for
integrity of the pipe or tube and MAF joint to withstand, discontinuing the test. See A1.3.4 and A1.3.5 for further
without leakage or burst, a minimum pressure equal to four information.
times the rated pressure of the pipe or tube or MAF, whichever A8.3.6 The test specimens have passed the hydrostatic burst
is lower. To pass this test, the pipe or tube and MAF joint test when four times the rated pressure of the specimen
cannot leak or burst below four times the rated pressure.
assembly has been attained.
A8.2.2 The second significant aspect of this test is the test
specimens used. All test specimens are comprised of those
A8.4 Precision and Bias
specimens which have passed other tests as specified in A8.1.1.
The use of this test determines whether the MAF design may A8.4.1 The precision of the hydrostatic burst test is estab-
ultimately receive technical approval for in-service systems by lished by the accuracy of the measuring and test equipment (M
the purchaser. & TE) and their permissible tolerances during the test (see 7.5).
There may be bias in this test if the pipe or tube selected burst
A8.3 Procedure below four times its rated pressure. If this should occur, the test
A8.3.1 Fill the test specimens with water or hydraulic fluid specimens shall be replaced in accordance with A1.3.4. There
which meets the requirements of 7.6.3 before installation onto may be no bias in this test if the precision of the gages used is
the appropriate testing apparatus. the only determining factor. The gages used to apply a gradual
A8.3.2 Place the test specimens into a burst chamber and increase pressure to a maximum of four times the rated
secure them into place in accordance with the manufacturer’s pressure of the specimen assembly, can be read accurately
recommended procedures. One end must be free to move. during the test period.

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 F 1387 – 99 (2005)

A9. REPEATED ASSEMBLY TEST

A9.1 Scope A9.3.1.2 Retighten each assembly within the minimum and
A9.1.1 This section covers the requirements for repeat maximum values recommended by the manufacturer’s assem-
assembly testing of selected test specimens as specified in bly procedure.
Table 3. This test is only applicable to separable MAFs, Types A9.3.2 At the conclusion of 25 % of the test cycles for
II, III, and IV. Test specimens selected for repeat assembly impulse and flexure fatigue test, interrupt the test and disas-
shall be comprised of at least 50 % of the specimens from semble and reassemble the test specimens two more times (see
impulse (see Annex A5) and flexure fatigue (see Annex A6) A9.3.1.1).
tests. A9.3.3 At the conclusion of 50 % of the test cycles for
impulse and flexure fatigue test, interrupt the test and disas-
semble and reassemble the test specimens two more times (see
A9.2 Significance and Use
A9.3.1.1).
A9.2.1 The significance of this test is to verify the integrity A9.3.4 At the conclusion of 75 % of the test cycles for
of the separable MAF joint to withstand ten repeated assem- impulse and flexure fatigue test, interrupt the test and disas-
blies. The disassembly and reassembly shall be performed semble and reassemble the test specimens two more times (see
using the manufacturer’s recommended assembly procedures. A9.3.1.1).
The test specimens used for repeat assembly shall be selected A9.3.5 At the conclusion of the impulse and flexure fatigue
from the impulse and flexure tests. An equal amount of test (before post testing), disassemble and reassemble the test
specimens shall be selected from each of these tests. Scoring, specimens an additional two times (see A9.3.1.1).
distortion, damage, or modification of the mating parts of the A9.3.6 If the test specimens show no evidence of leakage
MAF joint as a result of repeated assembly shall not be cause after the post-test requirements for impulse and flexure fatigue,
for failure. they have passed the repeated assembly test.
A9.2.2 If the specimens show no evidence of leakage during A9.3.7 If the specimens leak any time during the test,
impulse and flexure testing (or their posttest requirements), discontinue the test. The affected specimens have failed the
they pass the repeat assembly test. test. Note the reason for discontinuing the test in the test report.
See A1.3.4 and A1.3.5 for further information (as applicable).
A9.3 Procedure A9.4 Precision and Bias
A9.3.1 Before beginning the impulse or flexure fatigue test, A9.4.1 There is no precision and bias for the repeated
disassemble and reassemble the separable MAF assembly one assembly test because scoring, distortion, damage, or modifi-
time. cation of the sealing surfaces are not causes for failure of this
A9.3.1.1 Each assembly shall have the sealing face rotated test. The precision and bias statements for subsequent hydro-
by hand 60 to 90° before each reassembly. static proof, impulse, and flexure fatigue tests apply.

A10. ROTARY FLEX TEST

A10.1 Scope A10.3.2 Before beginning the test, the specimens may be
A10.1.1 When invoked by the purchaser, Types II, III, and tested pneumatically (see Annex A3) and hydrostatically (see
IV MAFs shall be subjected to a rotary flex test. This test shall Annex A4) at the option of the manufacturer.
only apply to MAFs with tube diameters of 25.4 mm inclusive A10.3.3 The selected specimens shall be filled with fluid in
(1 in. inclusive) or less. The number of specimens used shall be accordance with 7.6.3 before being placed onto the appropriate
as specified in Table 3. test fixture.
A10.3.4 The testing frequency ranges applied and ampli-
A10.2 Significance and Use
tudes attained shall be recorded in the test report for each of the
A10.2.1 This test determines the ability of separable MAFs tests performed.
to withstand the effects of rotary flex while being pressurized.
A10.3.5 The specimens shall show no evidence of leakage
After completion of this test, the specimen is subjected to a
during or at the completion of the test.
hydrostatic proof test. This test is used to duplicate conditions
that could occur during in-service use. A10.3.6 At completion of testing, the test specimen shall be
subjected to a hydrostatic proof test in accordance with the
A10.3 General Testing Requirements requirements specified in Annex A4.
A10.3.1 The test specimen geometry shall be in accordance A10.3.7 The specimens successfully pass after meeting the
with Fig. 1. The location of strain gages shall be on the high rotary flex test requirements and passing the hydrostatic proof
side of the specimen to within 4.6 mm (0.18 in.) as shown. test (see Annex A4).

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 F 1387 – 99 (2005)
A10.4 Procedure
A10.4.1 Subject selected separable test specimens to a
rotary flexure test. The general test requirements specified in
A10.3 apply before beginning the test.
A10.4.2 Fill the specimen with fluid in accordance with
7.6.3, and install the specimen onto the appropriate test
apparatus which will allow for a bending moment to be
introduced along with the application of pressure (see Fig.
A10.1).
A10.4.3 With the specimen unpressurized, a bending mo-
ment equivalent to a minimum of 35 % of the ultimate tensile
strength (of the tubing material) shall be introduced and locked
into place. Record the bending moment selected in the test
report.
A10.4.4 With the bending moment locked into place, pres-
surize the specimen to a static pressure of 3.45 MPa (500 psi)
minimum. Maintain the bending moment and pressure for the
duration of the test.
A10.4.5 Select the amplitude to be used and record it in the
test report.
A10.4.6 Flex the specimen in a rotary motion at a minimum
of 1750 rpm for a minimum of 1 3 106 cycles maintaining the
specified bending stress level (see A10.4.3) and pressure (see
A10.4.4) at all times.
A10.4.7 The test apparatus shall be able to record any loss
of pressure throughout the duration of the test. FIG. A10.1 Test Setup for Rotary Flex (MAF Types II, III, and IV)
A10.4.8 If pressure is lost at any time during the test, the
specimen has failed. See A1.3.4 and A1.3.5 for further instruc-
tions (as applicable). A10.5 Precision and Bias
A10.4.9 At the conclusion of the rotary flex test, subject the A10.5.1 The precision of the rotary flexure test is estab-
specimens to a hydrostatic proof test (see Annex A4) as lished by the accuracy of the measuring and test equipment (M
specified in A10.3.6. Specimens pass the test upon successfully & TE) and their permissible tolerances during the test (see 7.5).
completing the rotary flex test and the hydrostatic test without There is no bias in the rotary flexure test when the M & TE
any leakage. used is calibrated properly.

A11. MERCUROUS NITRATE TEST

A11.1 Scope A11.3.2 Assemble the specimens onto pipe or tube to

A11.1.1 This section covers the requirements for conduct- duplicate the geometries shown in Fig. 1. End caps are not
ing a mercurous nitrate test of selected MAF specimens as required.
specified in Table 3. The selection of specimens for this test is A11.3.3 Immerse the MAF specimen for 30 min in a
restricted to those specimens that are manufactured using either standard mercurous nitrate solution as specified in Test Method
copper-zinc (containing more than 15 % zinc) or copper- B 154.
aluminum alloys. (Warning—All appropriate safety precau- A11.3.4 Rinse and dry the MAF before immediate exami-
tions, such as the use of rubber gloves, should be taken while nation. There shall be no cracks.
handling and testing with mercury. Care should be taken to
prevent mercury contamination of other test specimens.) A11.3.5 MAFs successfully pass this test when no cracks
are observed during the examination.
A11.2 Significance and Use
A11.2.1 The significance of this test is to determine the A11.4 Precision and Bias
susceptibility to stress-corrosion cracking of MAFs manufac- A11.4.1 The precision of this test is the solution and the
tured from materials specified in A11.1. material tested. There may be bias if the solution is not
A11.3 Procedure properly mixed in accordance with Method B 154.
A11.3.1 Use two MAFs from the same material lot from
which the specimens are selected to conduct this test.

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 F 1387 – 99 (2005)

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