Enterprise Reporting

Chapter 9
Basics of Enterprise Reporting

Fundamentals of Business Analytics”
Content of this presentation has been taken
from Book
“Fundamentals of Business Analytics”
RN Prasad and Seema Acharya
Published by Wiley India Pvt. Ltd.
and it will always be the copyright of the

authors of the book and publisher only.
Background
• With the background of business metrics and KPIs,
multidimensional modeling, and the big picture of a business
enterprise, it's time to think about the basics of enterprise
reporting and gain hands-on experience in using a simple
reporting tool.
• Reporting is an integral part of OLTP applications.
• We will learn about enterprise reporting that will objectively
communicate facts relating to strategy, corporate/department
performance against plan, status of critical initiatives, and
metrics that matter to the stakeholders.
• These reports help leaders align their business activities to
the vision and strategies of their enterprise and to monitor
their performance against the organization’ goals.
• We will also introduce you to some analysis types.
Reporting Perspectives Common to all Levels of Enterprise
Typically enterprises have headquarters and several regional
centres. Several geographic location-focused operations may
aggregate to the nearest regional centre.
Each geographic location may have “revenue generating —
customer facing units” and “support units”.
There could be regional or corporate level support functions as
well. IT could be leveraged at the local operations level or the
regional level or the entire corporate level.
Hence, it is natural to expect IT enabled reporting to occur at
local, regional, or corporate levels.
Let’s understand some common perspectives of reporting that apply

at all levels of the enterprise.
Function level: Reports being generated at the function level may be
consumed by users within a department or geographic location or region or
by decision makers at the corporate level. One needs to keep in mind the
target audience for the reports. The requirements will vary based on the
target audience. Departments such as HR, marketing, production, purchase,
accounting etc. will need specific standard reports to handle operational,
tactical, and strategic challenges. Reports could be produced in many
languages to meet global user needs.
Internal/external: Sometimes the consumers of reports may be external to
the enterprise. We are very familiar with the annual reports of
organizations. Correctness as well attractive presentation of the report is of
paramount importance.
Role-based: Today we are witnessing massive information overload. The
trend is to provide standard format of report to similar roles across the
enterprise, as they are likely to make similar decisions. For example, a sales
executive responsible for strategic accounts will need similar
information/facts for decision making irrespective of the country/ products
he/she handles.
Strategic/operational: Reports could also be classified based on the
nature of the purpose they preserve. Strategic reports inform the
alignment with the goals, whereas operational reports present
transaction facts. The quarterly revenue report indicates variance
with regard to meeting targets, whereas the daily cash flow summary
indicates summary of day's business transactions. When
consolidated across several locations, regions, products/services,
even this report will be of strategic importance.
Summary/detail: As the name suggests, summary reports do not
provide transaction-level information, whereas detailed reports list
atomic facts. Even here several summaries could be aggregated to
track enterprise-level performance.
Standard/ad hoc: Departments tend to generate periodic reports,
say, weekly, monthly, or quarterly reports in standard formats.
Executives many times need ad hoc or on-demand critical business
decision making.
Purpose: Enterprises classify reports as statutory that focus on
business transparency and need to be shared with regulatory bodies.
For example, a bank reporting to the Reserve Bank stipulated
parameters of its operations. You might have even heard of audit
reports that are produced to check the correctness and consistent
application of business policies across global transactions. Analytical
reports look into a particular area of operation like sales, production,
and procurement, and they find patterns in historical data. These
reports typically represent large data interpretations in the form of
graphs. Scorecards are used in modern enterprises to objectively
capture the key performances against set targets and deviation with
reasons. These scorecards help kick off many initiatives that bring
back business parameters under control.
Technology platform-centric: Reporting in today’s context need not
use paper at all. Dashboards could be delivered on smartphones and
tablets. Reports could be published in un-editable (secure) form with
watermarks. Reports could be protected to be used by a specific
person, during specific hours from specific device! Reports could be
delivered to the target user in user-preferred through an email link as
well. Security of data is a constant concern in large enterprisis
reports represent the secret recipe of the business. Several tools
have emerged in the marketplace to meet the reporting
requirements of the enterprise. It is not at all uncommon for
enterprise to use several tools and technologies to meet the
reporting requirements of the enterprise. Some have even set up
Reporting Centers of Excellence to handle this crucial function.
Report Standardization And Presentation Practices
Now let's turn our attention to some of the common best practices
that most enterprises employ while considering reporting
requirements. Enterprises tend to standardize reporting from several
perspectives. Some report standardization perspectives are as
follows:
Data standardization
Content standardization
Presentation standardization
Metrics standardization
Reporting tools’ standardization
Features of Good Reporting
Common Report Layout Types
1. Tabular reports 2. Matrix Reports
2. List reports 3. Chart Reports
3. Gauge reports
Report Delivery Formats
• Printed Reports
• Secure Soft Copy
• Email attachment
• Embedded emails
• FTP
• Link to reports
• Worksheet, PowerPoint Presentation, text
• eBook
Copyright  2011 Wiley India Pvt. Ltd. All rights reserved.
Enterprise Reporting Characteristics in OLAP World
• Single version of truth – The value of providing the same “fact value” irrespective
of the path the user has taken to reach for the data is of paramount importance in
reporting.
• Role-based delivery – This feature is critical to avoid information overload.
• Anywhere/anytime/any-device access – Users have their own preferences and
therefore flexibility needs to be built to ensure that users come to the same source
of information again and again and don’t find alternative ways to decision making.
• Personalization – Users’ choices of delivery method, format like
PDF/worksheet/CSV, book marking, customizing (in terms of language), etc. will
need to be addressed.
• Security – Enterprises have huge concern over the unauthorized access to business-
critical information, hacking by malicious sources, inadvertent leakage of business
data, etc. The security framework needs to be thoroughly examined before
implementing reporting.
• Alerts – Decision makers need immediate notification of threshold breaches of
critical business KPIs. These alerts need to be delivered to various devices such as
laptop, mobile devices in different forms like email, sound, voice message, SMS
text, pop-up, etc. depending on user preferences. “Fundamentals of Business Analytics”
Corporations and Strategy
• Traditional Strategy Deployment and Communication follows functional
hierarchy
• Strategy Formulation involves a little Planning and lots of Budgeting
• Only 5% of the workforce understands the strategy, 85% of executives spend less
than 1 hour per month discussing strategy, only 25% of Managers have incentives
linked to strategy – Fortune Magazine Survey
• 35% of stakeholder valuation decision is based on non-financial data

– Strategy Execution
– Management Credibility
– Innovation
– Ability to Attract Talent
“You can’t manage what you can’t measure.

You can’t measure what you can’t describe”
Traditional Balanced Scorecard (Source: Kaplan & Norton,
1992)

The Balanced Scorecard
• Financial perspective: The financial perspective addresses the question of

how shareholders view the firm and which financial goals are desired from
the shareholder’s perspective.
• Customer perspective: The customer perspective addresses the question

of how the firm is viewed by its customers and whether the firm will be
able to fulfil customers’ expectations.
• Internal business process perspective: The business process perspective

identifies the processes in which the organization must excel to satisfy its
shareholders’ expectations of good financial returns and also keep its
customers happy and loyal.
• Learning and growth perspective: The learning and growth perspective

identifies the competencies that the employees of the organization must
acquire for long-term improvement, sustainability and growth.
Strategy Map
The Balanced Scorecard

Strategy Map Describes How
the Company Intends to
Create Value for Shareholders
and Customers
The Measurement System
Theme: Operating Efficiency
Financial
Profits
Grow Fewer
Revenues Planes
Customer What the How success or The level of Key action
Attract & Retain strategy is failure against performance programs
More Customers trying to objectives is Or rate of required to
achieve? monitored? improvement achieve
On-time Lowest needed target
Service Prices
Objectives Measurement Target Initiative

Internal Fast Ground
Fast Ground • On Ground Time • 30 Mins • Cycle Time
Turnaround Turnaround • On-time Departure • 90 % Optimization
Learning Ground
Crew
Alignment
Strategy Management Framework

Answer a Quick Question
Why does the balanced scorecard take into consideration the non-financial
measures as well?

Can the balanced scorecard be plotted only for the organization

or
can we plot it for a business unit as well?

Summary – Balanced Score Card
The Balanced Score Card (Kaplan & Norton’s) proposes 4 generic

perspectives:
• Financial Perspective: The focus is on financial objectives
• Customer Perspective: The focus is on customer satisfaction
• Process Perspective: The focus is on operational goals and the processes

that will help realize the financial and customer objectives
• Learning and Growth: The focus is on building employee’s competencies,

training, organizational culture, leadership, value system, CSR (corporate
social responsibilities), etc.

Performance Dashboard

Why do organizations need a dashboard?

Corporate Dashboards
Operational Excellence
Corporate Dashboards are changing the way we look at information and the
way we analyze our business.
A well-constructed corporate dashboard answers four basic questions:

• Where
• What
• How
• Why
Instead of wading through pages of disparate operational data, dashboards

portray critical operating and strategic information about an organization using a
collection of powerful graphical elements.

Enterprise dashboards may include:
• Bar Charts
• Maps
• Trend Lines
• Speedos
•Correlation
One quick glance at the dashboard tells users the key performance indicators
and metrics used to measure and monitor the companies performance.
This contributes to:
• Better Analysis
• Better Tracking
• Proactive Alerting

When KPI’s are exceeded, visual and email alerts can draw attention to the
right area. Further drill down to root cause analysis instantly signals where
the exception happened, and what triggered it.
Trend Analysis: It uses historical results to predict future outcome. This is

achieved by tracking variances in cost and schedule performance.

Why Corporate Dashboards?
Corporate dashboards work effectively with Balanced Scorecard implementations

Types of Corporate Dashboards
Enterprise performance Dashboards provide a overall view of the entire

enterprise, rather than specific business functions.
Typical portlets in an Enterprise Performance Dashboard include:
• Corporate financials
• Sales revenue
• Business Unit KPI’s [Key Performance Indicators]
• Supply chain information
• Compliance or regulatory data
• Balanced scorecard information


Customer Support Dashboards
Customer Support Dashboards: Organizations provide such a dashboard

to its customers as a value-add service.
They provide the customer with their personal account information as

pertaining to the business relationship, such as:
• Online Trading
• Utility Services
• Entertainment
• B2B SLA Monitoring

Divisional Dashboards
Divisional Dashboards are one of the most popular dashboards, used to

provide at-a-glance actionable information to division heads, operational
managers and department managers.
Each division has its own set of KPIs which can be visually displayed on
the enterprise dashboard.
Typical Divisional Dashboards include:

• Purchasing Dashboards
• Supply Chain Dashboards
• Operations Dashboards
• Manufacturing Dashboards
• Quality Control Dashboards
• Marketing Dashboards
• Sales Dashboards
• Finance Dashboards
• Human Resources Dashboards
Example: Project Management Dashboard

Benefits of Enterprise Dashboard
Dashboards have the following benefits:
(a) Places all critical information in just one screen rather than flipping through
the pages
(b) Improved decision making
(c) Rapid problem detection
(d) Better analysis of performance
(e) Identifies the trends and corrective actions to improve the performance of
the organization

Steps in Creating a Dashboard
(a) Identify the data that will go into an Enterprise Dashboard

Enterprise Dashboards can contain either/both of the below mentioned data:
 Quantitative data
 Non-Quantitative data
(b) Decide on the timeframe

E.g.: The various timeframes can be:
This month to date
This quarter to date
This year to date
Today so far
(c) Decide on the comparative measures

E.g.: the comparative measures can be:
The same measure at the same point in time in the past
The same measure at some other point in time in the past
(d) Decide on the evaluation mechanisms

E.g.: the evaluation can be performed as follows:
Using visual objects e.g. traffic lights
Using visual attributes e.g. red color for the measure to alert a serious condition
Summary – Corporate Dashboard
• Corporate Dashboards are changing the way we look at information and

the way we analyze our business.
• Corporate Dashboards contributes to:

Better Analysis
Better Tracking
Proactive Alerting
• Corporate Dashboards improves accountability and transparency across

organization
• Corporate dashboards work effectively with Balanced Scorecard

implementations

Balanced Scorecard vs. Dashboards
Balanced Scorecard Dashboards
Business Use Performance Measure Monitor

Operations
Users Senior Executives Operations
Manager
Used by Corporate/Unit Corporate/Depar
tment
Data Summary Detail
Refresh Monthly/Quarterly/Annual Intra-day

References
Check out the following sites for more information:
• www.CustomerServiceGroup.com
• The 10-day MBA by Steven Silbiger
http://www.bettermanagement.com
• http://www.ap-institute.com/resources_casestudies.asp
• http://www.enterprise-dashboard.com/2007/09/11/xcelsius-dashboard-project-
management/

What makes a dashboard good or bad?

Summary please…
Ask a few participants of the learning program to summarize the lecture.


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Chapter 9

Basics of Enterprise Reporting

and it will always be the copyright of the

Let’s understand some common perspectives of reporting that apply

2. List reports 3. Chart Reports

• Strategy Formulation involves a little Planning and lots of Budgeting

• 35% of stakeholder valuation decision is based on non-financial data

“You can’t manage what you can’t measure.

“Fundamentals of Business Analytics”

• Financial perspective: The financial perspective addresses the question of

• Customer perspective: The customer perspective addresses the question

• Internal business process perspective: The business process perspective

• Learning and growth perspective: The learning and growth perspective

The Balanced Scorecard

Objectives Measurement Target Initiative

“Fundamentals of Business Analytics”

“Fundamentals of Business Analytics”

Can the balanced scorecard be plotted only for the organization

“Fundamentals of Business Analytics”

The Balanced Score Card (Kaplan & Norton’s) proposes 4 generic

• Financial Perspective: The focus is on financial objectives

• Customer Perspective: The focus is on customer satisfaction

• Process Perspective: The focus is on operational goals and the processes

• Learning and Growth: The focus is on building employee’s competencies,

“Fundamentals of Business Analytics”

“Fundamentals of Business Analytics”

“Fundamentals of Business Analytics”

A well-constructed corporate dashboard answers four basic questions:

Instead of wading through pages of disparate operational data, dashboards

“Fundamentals of Business Analytics”

This contributes to:

“Fundamentals of Business Analytics”

Trend Analysis: It uses historical results to predict future outcome. This is

“Fundamentals of Business Analytics”

Corporate dashboards work effectively with Balanced Scorecard implementations

“Fundamentals of Business Analytics”

Enterprise performance Dashboards provide a overall view of the entire

Typical portlets in an Enterprise Performance Dashboard include:

“Fundamentals of Business Analytics”

“Fundamentals of Business Analytics”

Customer Support Dashboards: Organizations provide such a dashboard

They provide the customer with their personal account information as

“Fundamentals of Business Analytics”

Divisional Dashboards are one of the most popular dashboards, used to

Typical Divisional Dashboards include:

“Fundamentals of Business Analytics”

Dashboards have the following benefits:

(b) Improved decision making

(c) Rapid problem detection

(d) Better analysis of performance

“Fundamentals of Business Analytics”

(a) Identify the data that will go into an Enterprise Dashboard

(b) Decide on the timeframe

(c) Decide on the comparative measures

(d) Decide on the evaluation mechanisms

• Corporate Dashboards are changing the way we look at information and

• Corporate Dashboards contributes to:

• Corporate Dashboards improves accountability and transparency across

• Corporate dashboards work effectively with Balanced Scorecard

“Fundamentals of Business Analytics”