Q. Name any four methods to get location data in android?

Here are four methods to get location data in Android:

1. Location Manager: This is the core class for accessing location services in Android. It
provides methods to get the last known location, request location updates from different
providers (GPS, network, etc.), and remove location updates.
2. Google Play Services Location API: This API from Google Play Services offers a more
advanced way to get location data.
3. Geocoder: This class helps convert between geographic coordinates (latitude, longitude) and
human-readable addresses. You can use the location data obtained from the previous methods
and use the Geocoder to get a user's street address or other location details.
4. GPS: While not directly a method, the Global Positioning System (GPS) is a key provider for
location data in Android. It offers high accuracy location information but might not be
available indoors or require a clear view of the sky.

Q. Define Text View. List its attributes?

A TextView is a user interface element used in Android development to display text to the
user. Unlike EditText, it is not editable by default.

Here are some of its common attributes:

 text: This attribute sets the actual text content that will be displayed by the TextView.
 textColor: As the name suggests, this attribute controls the color of the displayed text.
 textSize: This attribute defines the size of the text in units of pixels.
 textStyle: This attribute allows you to set the style of the text, such as bold, italic, or bold-
italic.
 gravity: This attribute controls how the text is positioned within the TextView. It allows for
alignment options like left, right, center, or top and bottom combinations.
 padding: This attribute defines the spacing between the TextView's borders and the
displayed text.
Q. Draw activity life cycle diagram.

Q. State syntax to display built in zoom control

To display built-in zoom controls for a Google Map in Android, you can use the
zoomControls attribute in the XML layout file where you define your MapView.
Here's the syntax

<com.google.android.gms.maps.MapView
android:id="@+id/map_view"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:apiKey="your_api_key"
android:enabled="true"
android:clickable="true"
android:zoomControls="true" />
 Define Image Button. List its attributes

Definition: An ImageButton acts like a regular button but displays an image instead of text.
Users can click or tap on the image to trigger an action within your app.

Attributes:

android:id

android:src

android:layout_width

android:layout_height

Q. Discuss developer console with at least four features?

Here's a dive into four key features of developer consoles:

1. App Management and Distribution:

o Upload your app's code, resources, and configuration files.
o Set up app details like title, description, and category.
o Control app versions and manage staged rollouts for testing purposes.
o Configure pricing and distribution settings for app stores or deployment platforms.
2. Testing and Debugging:
o Utilize built-in emulators or device simulators to test your app on various screen sizes and
operating systems.
o Access debug logs to identify and troubleshoot errors within your code.
o Integrate with crash reporting tools to monitor crashes occurring in real-world usage.
3. Analytics and Performance Monitoring:
o View user acquisition statistics, understand user demographics, and track app installations.
o Monitor app performance metrics like crashes, freezes, and resource usage.
o Analyze user engagement data to understand how users interact with your app.
o Generate reports to identify areas for improvement and optimize your app for better
performance.
4. API Access and Integration:
o Manage API keys and access controls for secure communication between your app and
external services.
o Explore available APIs and documentation to integrate functionalities like payments, social
media sharing, or location services.
o Monitor API usage statistics and identify potential bottlenecks or areas for optimization.
o Receive notifications and updates about platform changes or API deprecations.

Q. Enlist different types of intent with examples.

In Android development, intents are messages used for communication between app
components like activities, services, and broadcast receivers. There are two main types of
intents:

1. Explicit Intents: These intents explicitly specify the target component (activity, service, etc.)
to interact with. They provide more control over the flow of your application.
Example: Launching a new activity within your app:
Intent intent = new Intent(this, SecondActivity.class);
startActivity(intent);

2. Implicit Intents: These intents describe an action to be performed but don't specify the exact
component that will handle it. The Android system finds the most suitable app that can fulfill
the requested action. They offer flexibility for interacting with other apps or system features.
Example: Opening a website in the user's default web browser:
Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, Uri.parse("https://www.example.com"));
startActivity(intent);
Q. Define SMS service in android application development?
 In Android application development, SMS (Short Message Service) service refers to
the functionality that allows developers to send and receive SMS messages
programmatically within their applications.
 SMS service is commonly used for various purposes such as user authentication,
notifications, alerts, and communication between users.
Q. Syntax of TextView?

<TextView
android:id="@+id/text_view"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Hello, World!" />

Q. Develop an application to display a Google Map? (Write .java & .xml

code)

Activity_main.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="vertical">
<fragment
android:id="@+id/map"
android:name="com.google.android.gms.maps.SupportMapFragment"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
tools:context=".MapsActivity" />
</LinearLayout>

MainActivity.java
package com.example.googlemap;
import android.os.Bundle;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import com.google.android.gms.maps.CameraUpdateFactory;
import com.google.android.gms.maps.GoogleMap;
import com.google.android.gms.maps.OnMapReadyCallback;
import com.google.android.gms.maps.SupportMapFragment;
public class MapsActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements OnMapReadyCallback {
private GoogleMap mMap;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_maps);
// Obtain the SupportMapFragment and get notified when the map is ready to be used.
SupportMapFragment mapFragment = (SupportMapFragment)
getSupportFragmentManager()
.findFragmentById(R.id.map);
mapFragment.getMapAsync(this);
}
@Override
public void onMapReady(GoogleMap googleMap) {
mMap = googleMap;
// Add a marker in Sydney, Australia, and move the camera.
LatLng sydney = new LatLng(-34.858765, 150.669290);
mMap.addMarker(new MarkerOptions().position(sydney).title("Sydney"));
mMap.moveCamera(CameraUpdateFactory.newLatLngZoom(sydney, 15));
}
}

Q. Explain the Android security model?

Here's an overview of the key components and principles of the Android security model:

1. **Linux Kernel Security:** Android is built on top of the Linux kernel, which provides
robust security features such as process isolation, user-based permissions, and secure inter-
process communication. These kernel-level security mechanisms form the foundation of the
Android security model.

2. **Application Sandbox:** Each Android application runs within its own isolated
environment, known as the application sandbox. This sandboxing mechanism restricts the
capabilities of each application, preventing it from accessing system resources or data
belonging to other applications without proper permissions.

3. **Permissions System:** Android employs a permissions system to control access to

sensitive resources and functionalities. Applications must declare the permissions they
require in their manifest files, and users are prompted to grant or deny these permissions
when installing or running the application. This helps prevent unauthorized access to
sensitive data and system resources.

4. **User-Based Access Control:** Android devices support multiple user accounts,

allowing each user to have their own personalized environment with separate data and
settings. User-based access control ensures that each user's data remains private and
inaccessible to other users, enhancing overall device security.

5. **Secure Inter-Process Communication (IPC):** Android applications communicate

with each other and with the system through various IPC mechanisms such as intents, content
providers, and binder services. These mechanisms are designed to ensure that communication
between processes is secure and isolated, preventing unauthorized access or tampering.

6. **Application Signing:** Android applications must be digitally signed with a certificate

to verify their authenticity and integrity. Application signing ensures that only trusted
developers can publish apps on the Google Play Store and helps prevent tampering or
modification of app packages.

Q. Develop a program to send and receive Email? (only XML code)

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="vertical">
<EditText
android:id="@+id/to_address_edit_text"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
 android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:hint="To" />
<EditText
android:id="@+id/subject_edit_text"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:hint="Subject" />
<EditText
android:id="@+id/message_edit_text"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:hint="Message"
android:inputType="textMultiLine" />
<Button
android:id="@+id/send_email_button"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Send Email" />
</LinearLayout>

Q. Explain GridView with its attributes with suitable examples?

GridView is a ViewGroup in Android that displays items in a two-dimensional, scrollable

grid. It is commonly used to create grid-based layouts for displaying images, text, or other
types of data in a structured manner. GridView organizes its items into rows and columns,
allowing users to scroll vertically and horizontally to view all the items.
Attributes of GridView:
1. android:numColumns: Specifies the number of columns in the grid. By default, it is set
to "auto_fit," which allows the GridView to automatically determine the number of columns
based on the available space.

2. **android:columnWidth:** Sets the width of each column in the grid. It can be specified
in dp (density-independent pixels) or in a dimension resource.
3. **android:verticalSpacing:** Specifies the vertical spacing between items in the grid. It
can be specified in dp or in a dimension resource.

4. **android:horizontalSpacing:** Sets the horizontal spacing between items in the grid. It

can be specified in dp or in a dimension resource.

5. **android:stretchMode:** Defines how items should be stretched to fill the available

space if the column width is set to "auto_fit." Possible values include "none,"
"spacingWidth," "columnWidth," and "spacingWidthUniform."
Example:
Let's create a simple example of a GridView displaying images. First, we define our layout
XML file (`activity_main.xml`):
<GridView
android:id="@+id/grid_view"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:numColumns="3"
android:columnWidth="100dp"
android:verticalSpacing="10dp"
android:horizontalSpacing="10dp"/>
</GridView>

Q. Develop a program to turn On and turn Off Bluetooth?

Activity_main.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="vertical"
 tools:context=".MainActivity">
<Button
android:id="@+id/btnTurnOnBluetooth"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Turn On Bluetooth" />
<Button
android:id="@+id/btnTurnOffBluetooth"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Turn Off Bluetooth" />
</LinearLayout>

MainActivity.java
package com.example.bluetoothtoggle;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothAdapter;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.Toast;
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener {
private Button btnTurnOnBluetooth;
private Button btnTurnOffBluetooth;
private BluetoothAdapter bluetoothAdapter;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
btnTurnOnBluetooth = findViewById(R.id.btnTurnOnBluetooth);
btnTurnOffBluetooth = findViewById(R.default.btnTurnOffBluetooth);
btnTurnOnBluetooth.setOnClickListener(this);
btnTurnOffBluetooth.setOnClickListener(this);
bluetoothAdapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();
 }
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
switch (v.getId()) {
case R.id.btnTurnOnBluetooth:
if (!bluetoothAdapter.isEnabled()) {
if (bluetoothAdapter.enable()) {
Toast.makeText(this, "Bluetooth turned on",
Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
} else {
Toast.makeText(this, "Bluetooth could not be turned on",
Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
} else {
Toast.makeText(this, "Bluetooth is already on",
Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
break;
case R.id.btnTurnOffBluetooth:
if (bluetoothAdapter.isEnabled()) {
bluetoothAdapter.disable();
Toast.makeText(this, "Bluetooth turned off", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
} else {
Toast.makeText(this, "Bluetooth is already off",
Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
break;
}
}
}
 Q. List and Explain various methods of ContentProvider?

ContentProviders are a fundamental part of Android's data sharing mechanism. They act as a
secure intermediary layer between apps, allowing them to access and modify data from other
apps or the system itself.

Here's a breakdown of various methods offered by ContentProviders:

1. onCreate():
 This method is called when the ContentProvider is first created.
 It's typically used for initialization tasks like setting up the database connection (if applicable)
or registering MIME types for the data the provider manages.
2. query():
 This is a core method used by clients (other apps) to retrieve data from the ContentProvider.
3. insert():
 This method allows clients to insert new data into the ContentProvider's data source.
 It takes a URI (specifying the data collection) and a ContentValues object containing the key-
value pairs representing the data to be inserted.
 The method returns a URI for the newly inserted row.
4. update():
 This method is used to update existing data within the ContentProvider.
 It takes similar arguments to query(): a URI, selection clause, selection arguments, and a
ContentValues object containing the new data values.
 The method returns the number of rows that were updated.
5. delete():
 This method allows clients to delete data from the ContentProvider.
 It takes a URI (specifying the data collection) and an optional selection clause and selection
arguments to filter the rows to be deleted.
 The method returns the number of rows that were deleted.
6. getType():
 This method retrieves the MIME type associated with a specific URI.
 MIME types help identify the format of the data managed by the ContentProvider.
 Q. Explain significance of displaying alert?

Alerts play a crucial role in user interfaces (UIs) by informing and guiding users. Their
significance lies in several key aspects:

1. Communication and Feedback:

 Alerts effectively communicate important information to users, including:
o Warnings about potential issues or errors.
o Confirmation messages for critical actions.
o Informational messages to explain functionalities or changes.
 They provide immediate feedback to users about the outcome of their actions.
2. User Guidance and Decision-Making:
 Alerts can guide users through workflows or complex processes, prompting them for
necessary inputs or confirmations.
 They help users make informed decisions by presenting relevant information before critical
actions are taken.
3. Attention Grabbing:
 Alerts interrupt the user's current focus, ensuring they don't miss important information.
 This is useful for situations requiring immediate attention or confirmation.
4. Error Prevention and Recovery:
 Warning alerts can prevent users from making critical mistakes by highlighting potential
issues or unexpected behavior.
 Confirmation alerts can prevent accidental actions or data loss.
5. Consistency and User Experience (UX):
 Consistent use of alerts across an application helps users develop a mental model of how the
application works and what to expect.
 Well-designed alerts enhance the overall UX by providing clear and timely communication.