ology & G

Meyl, J Geol Geophys 2015, 4:5

Ge DOI: 10.4172/2381-8719.1000219

eo
Journal of

Journal of Geology & Geophysics

physics
ISSN: 2381-8719

Review Article Open Access

Earth Expansion by Neutrino-Power

Konstantin Meyl*
Department of Computer and Electrical Engineering, 1st TZS, Technology Park, Erikaweg 32, D-78048 Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany

Abstract
The paper contents an approach in the field of basic physics research of the expanding earth and the principle of
operation of the growing Earth’s core, based on the model for interaction and absorption of neutrino radiation. This
has been measured at the Neutrino detector Kamiokande from the difference between day and nighttime. There are
numerous indications of the growth of the earth for years. In geography montane formations suggest it. In geology, they
ask for the origin of forces that let the mountains grow and that put whole tectonic plates in motion. This paper is about
the physical process that makes the earth growing.

Keywords: Earth size; Neutrino; Earth rotation; Core of the Earth the Earth without an increasing of its mass [4]. But we are still no step
closer in the question of a possible and much more likely cause of the
Introduction: The pioneer Hilgenberg expansion of the Earth through mass increase as Hilgenberg 70 years
Hilgenberg has suggested physical relationships [1] in his paper: ago, which has already tried for a cosmological and geophysical model
“From the growing globe” (1933): if the earth is blown up like a ball, description (Figure 2).
then the crust will burst and magma will ooze out at the interfaces,
Another question is whether the ether is suitable as an auxiliary
as it is the case at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge [2]. But the increase of the
model, after all it was already known at Hilgenberg’s time that the
radius also causes the problem that the curvature circle is too tight, so
ether proof was negative by the experiments of Michelson and
that compressive forces lead to cracks and rift valleys (Figure 1). Thrust
forces within the continental plates cause distortions. Hilgenberg Morley, whereupon the ether hypothesis had been dropped in physics.
takes credit for probably as the first having demonstrated relations Agreement had been reached with regard to the special theory of
with geo-graphical and geological formations on Earth. At the most, relativity by Einstein that there is no ether. In my opinion, the ether
still controversial are his efforts to find a physical interpretation of the discussion is unhelpful for explaining Earth expansion today as well.
origin by means of an ether model.
According to his ether current hypothesis, mass consists of
swallowed ether, atoms are ether sinks in his opinion, and the gravity
is interpreted as ether electricity at a certain speed [1]. Although this
conception may seem unphysical, the method is still common practice
in Science, to work with postulated auxiliary models, as long as the
textbooks have no answer that is more fitting. Today, there is indeed
measurable evidence of the Earth expansion based on NASA data [3]
as well as cosmological and geochemical models of the expansion of

Figure 2: Hilgenberg explains the origin of montan formation [1].

*Corresponding author: Prof. Konstantin Meyl, Faculty of Computer and

Electrical Engineering, Furtwangen University, Germany, Tel: +49-7723-920-2231;
E-mail: [email protected]

Received July 24, 2015; Accepted August 17, 2015; Published August 25, 2015

Citation: Meyl K (2015) Earth Expansion by Neutrino-Power. J Geol Geophys 4:

219. doi: 10.4172/2381-8719.1000219

Copyright: © 2015 Meyl K. This is an open-access article distributed under the

Figure 1: Hilgenberg explains the consequences of a change of the radius of terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted
the earth [1]. use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and
source are credited.

J Geol Geophys Volume 4 • Issue 5 • 1000219

ISSN: 2381-8719 JGG, an open access journal
Citation: Meyl K (2015) Earth Expansion by Neutrino-Power. J Geol Geophys 4: 219. doi: 10.4172/2381-8719.1000219

Page 2 of 5

Earth expansion due to Neutrino Radiation? their positive dipole charge shows in this direction. But if it’s changing
from e- to e+ the next moment, then all water dipoles must rotate 180°.
We have to look for cosmic particles supporting energy that radiate
into the earth and are absorbed there. As, according to the Einstein The neutrino is thus slowed down in the water tank, by releasing
relation, energy can be converted in mass, the mass introduced this way energy to the water molecules. Only after some superluminal particles
let the earth grow. In physics, such particles are actually known under are slowed down in the water tank to values below the speed of light,
the designation “neutrino”. they can be measured. This process of materialization, which will be
described in more detail, in which the neutrino acquires a mass, is also
Pauli has introduced the neutrino after he had noticed that balance used in other detectors, such as e.g., in Lake Baikal. The proven residual
of energy and impulse during beta decay is not fulfilled. He has solved mass would therefore be a consequence of the measuring method. The
the problem by postulating that an energy carrying particle is involved assumption, when running into the water tank, the neutrino would
in the radioactive decay of a neutron into a proton and electron, have already possessed this residual mass is justified by nothing.
which he has called Neutrino. As these particles - apart from the weak
interaction - otherwise do not interact and thus escape detection, they The Third problem: The different amount
would therefore also have no mass and no charge.
At the Kamiokande detector in Japan significantly less neutrino
How can one imagine a particle consistent with the physical have been measured than expected. In publications is the talk of 3
principles, which nevertheless has no mass and no charge but has energy billion/s⋅cm2 neutrinos. At the Gallex experiment in Italy, this figure
and momentum? From representatives of theoretical physics you get the was 66 billion/s⋅cm2. What does this large discrepancy mean? The
answer then: “The neutrino does not exist. It’s just a convenient working measurement methods are different. While counting the Kamiokande
hypothesis “. In 2002, the Nobel Prize in Physics came, among others, flashes of light in the water tank, the resulting in huge, filled with
to two neutrino physicists, so the existence of neutrinos is physically gallium chloride liquid tanks radioactive germanium isotopes are
proven. But how these particles produce energy and momentum collected and analyzed at Gallex experiment. According to my model
without mass and charge continues to be very mysterious. conception, if a between the states of e- and e+ oscillating neutrino is
slowed down, it will materialize in one of the two states. But the tank
The first problem: Energy without charge and mass? contents consist of matter and not of antimatter, so the probability
For this mystery, I offer the following model conception: We of neutrino materialization in an electron e- is significantly greater
imagine the neutrino as an oscillating particle changing from the state than in a positron e+. Whereas at the Gallex-experiment the electron
of an electron to a positron and back again. One time it is negative, then effect is measured, at the Kamiokande the dematerialize of positrons
positive charged, so that, in average over time, the charge is zero. Once is detected, in the ratio of 66 to 3; (3 are about 4% of 66). We have
it is matter and then antimatter, so that the mass in the middle is zero to assume that in our neutrino detectors about 96% materialize to
[5,2]. In this model conception the mean values are although zero, but electrons and 4% to positrons. It would be a charming idea to transfer
not the effective value, comparable to the 50 Hz AC network, when the this result to solar activity. Then 4% of the incoming neutrino
current and voltage at a DC measurement shows zero and nevertheless radiation would let the sun shine, while 96% makes it grow. This
energy is transferred. Therefore we use another instrument; we measure expansion might cause developing into a red giant. Of course, in the
AC and determine the effective values. water tank of the Kamiokande also occur electrons, only those are
not measured. The electrons split in the same way as the electrical
Devices for RMS measurement with which neutrinos would be
current during the electrolysis of water molecules into hydrogen and
proofed immediately, yet do not exist unfortunately. But this shortage
oxygen. As this is the effect of the neutrino radiation, we like to talk
does not justify the assumption that neutrinos do not exist, just because
of Neutrinolysis in the laboratory. It might be expected that this is
we cannot measure it yet. Having the neutrino radiation - according to
a natural process in the world’s oceans that e.g., the oxygen in the
this model we have a source of energy available anytime and anywhere.
deep sea is a consequence of Neutrinolysis. Considering geological
Is the Earth using this energy? Is this why it is hot deep inside the earth?
history it seems likely that the oxygen in the atmosphere is created by
The second problem: The mass of the neutrino Neutrinolysis and not by photosynthesis, which is believed today. Even
the splitting of water during photosynthesis might have something
Reports are published, that it had been proven at the large neutrino to do with Neutrinolysis and there are numerous other examples. In
detectors that a neutrino possesses an indeed vanishingly small, but addition, an energy-related use is conceivable.
measurable mass. Judging from the Einstein’s theory of relativity, the
neutrino has consequently a propagation speed just below that of light. The fourth problem: The missing neutrinos
The black holes generally apply as neutrino sources, especially in the
An already in the thirties published experimental finding [7] has
center of a galaxy. But that requires that neutrinos must be faster than
currently experienced a confirmation at the Kamiokande detector and
light, otherwise they could not escape the black hole. Light is captured
represents a new puzzle in physics. There were only half as many solar
and forced into a circular orbit, which makes this spot in the sky appear
neutrinos detected at night as during the day. Where have they gone?
black. The idea of an energy transfer by cosmic particles faster than
Currently some speculations keep up that the solar neutrinos convert
light goes back to measurements of Nikola Tesla [6].
on their way through the earth’s core such a way that they can no longer
Possibly the measuring device causes a measurement effect, be detected. But why the water tank slows down and detects only a
which is called residual mass. The neutrino detection takes place in specific type of neutrinos and how the conversion process takes place
the Kamiokande-detector in a huge underground water tank. If the in the Earth’s core, remains unexplained. If only half as many flashes of
neutrino constantly oscillates between plus and minus according light are measured at night, then the obvious answer is: The other half
to my model conception, so it will stimulate the water molecules to is absorbed by the Earth’s core. For this solution of the problem even
synchronous oscillations upon arrival in the tank. It the neutrino takes confirmations exist: On the one hand the Earth’s mantle is hot as a result
the state of e-, and then the surrounding water molecules rotate so that of continuous energy irradiation and induced chemical processes, and

J Geol Geophys Volume 4 • Issue 5 • 1000219

ISSN: 2381-8719 JGG, an open access journal
Citation: Meyl K (2015) Earth Expansion by Neutrino-Power. J Geol Geophys 4: 219. doi: 10.4172/2381-8719.1000219

Page 3 of 5

on the other hand it comes to the Earth expansion. The neutrinos

materialized in the Earth’s core let the earth grow.
The fifth problem: The lack of interaction Until now
The neutrinos pass through the Earth almost undamped as a result
of their enormous penetrating power and minimal interaction with
matter [8]. Their weak interaction has a range of only 10-13 cm. The
experiments at the Kamiokande show something completely different.
Which interpretation you may follow, if neutrinos are absorbed in the
Earth’s core, or if they are changed, in both cases occur an interaction
that exceeds the weak interaction by many decimal powers. According
to my model conception of an oscillating charge, it is about the resonant
case of the electromagnetic interaction, which will take effect under
the condition that the source and sink with the same frequency but
in opposite phase to each other oscillate, thus they are resonating.
For example, if the neutrino source and a sent neutrino are positively
charged in a certain moment, then they will repel each other, while
the neutrino is drawn to the negatively charged receiver, for example,
a particular region in the Earth’s core. If all of the three, the neutrino,
its source and sink are oscillating at the same time, then this “resonant
interaction” takes place entirely. Whereas off-resonance, the effect is
almost zero and only in the near range of the neutrino still remarkable
as “weak interaction”. The range is comparable to the electromagnetic
interaction and thus considerably greater than that of gravitation. As
for example, the detectable gravitational effect of our sun reaches up to
the edge of the solar system, so goes the resonant interaction from the Figure 3: The internal parts of the earth.
center of a galaxy up to its edge. The edge is characterized by the fact
that there still stars are shining which are supplied with neutrino energy interpretation of the processes in the Earth’s interior. At the beginning,
coming from the center of the galaxy, usually a black hole. The stars of again a physical examination is provided.
a galaxy hang therefore on invisible “neutrino strings” that could be
equated with the superstrings. This would explain why the outer stars Decrease of the Rotation of the Earth
of a like solid rotating galaxy orbit are much faster than inner stars.
The balance of angular momentum requires that a growing Earth
This fact contradicts Kepler’s laws that require the opposite. But Kepler’s
laws are indeed based on Newtonian mechanics and that again on the rotates more and more slowly. Every ice skater shows us the effect. In
gravity and not on the electromagnetic interaction. The Neutrinos a pirouette, it increases the rotation by putting the arms at the body.
mediated in case of resonance are invisible on the one hand, on the By inversely spreading her arms, it slows down the rotation. The
other hand they have an oscillating mass and a charge with an effective conservation of angular momentum, to which also the rotation of the
value not zero which is yet not measurable unfortunately because of a earth is subject, has the result that a decrease in the rotation of the earth
lack of suitable instruments. So it is obvious that the neutrinos are the has evidential value with regard to an increase in the Earth’s diameter
searched “dark matter”. and the circumference of the earth. Let’s gather several articles on this
topic: Bild der Wissenschaft headlines [10]: “A day on the primordial
The cosmic cycle Earth lasted 5 h”. That was perhaps 4.5 billion years ago. According to a
Summarizing the results, the earth and the sun, the planets and all report in Science one day was just 18 hours about 900 million years ago
the stars grow by neutrino absorption. We are participants in a cosmic [11]. With the atomic clocks, we now have highly accurate measuring
cycle. Stars falling into a black hole in the center of the galaxy are instruments, with which the slowing down of the rotation of the earth
accelerated to the speed of light. They dissolve into their constituent can be measured directly. This is obviously subject to fluctuations,
parts that fling out dematerialized in the form of neutrino radiation so that, at irregular intervals, all clocks are put back a leap second
into space and serve the celestial bodies of the galaxy as a food. Most respectively at New Year, which is popularly known as so called “Cheat
of it let the stars grow, a small part of it lights them up and the rest exit second” because of the physical impossibility. According to a short
the star again as slowed down, weak neutrino radiation. At the sun the report, a day is extended about 1/500 sec, which corresponds to 0.73s/
soft radiation given away again is called the solar neutrino radiation, in year [12]. A more reliable data delivers the Physikalisch-Technische
the case of the Earth it is usually called earth radiation [9]. Through the Bundesanstalt in Braunschweig, Germany, on its website [13]: “Since
neutrino interaction also suns or planets are interrelated to each other 01.01.1958, there had accumulated a time difference of 32 seconds to
[2]. With regard to the expansion of the Earth, the neutrino radiation is today. The clock designated as TAI (Temps Atomique International =
the most obvious matter supplier, so the neutrino absorption which is international Atomic clock) is compared to the clock UTC (Universal
proven and measurable, is a conclusive evidence. The model conception Time Coordinated) by 32 seconds in advance”. The later clock is based
of neutrino as a particle faster than light with oscillating charge and on the actual rotation of the earth. Averaged over 45 years we are
mass proves seems to be especially efficient (Figure 3). This allows dealing with 0.71s/year. Already in ancient times, it was measured very
answering all of the questions that had been raised in the modern precisely apparently. From the Greek astronomer Aristarchus of Samos
neutrino research, completely and conclusively. Next, it is about the is narrated that he determined the length of the year to 365.25062
search for a suitable expansion model for physical explanation and days in Alexandria 2300 years ago. The representation of the residual

J Geol Geophys Volume 4 • Issue 5 • 1000219

ISSN: 2381-8719 JGG, an open access journal
Citation: Meyl K (2015) Earth Expansion by Neutrino-Power. J Geol Geophys 4: 219. doi: 10.4172/2381-8719.1000219

Page 4 of 5

value as a fraction results in an error of assumption (62 ± 1)/105, which For an expansion of the earth of 18 cm, however the earth must
corresponds to an uncertainty in the 5th decimal place. Compared with collect matter in the amount of 8 × 1016 kg respectively 72 × 1032 Nm
today’s value of 365.25637 days, the extension would be 497 seconds in energy per year. Cosmic dust or tidal friction by the moon drop out
2300 years and 0.22 s/a. The comparison with the current value of 0.71 completely as explanatory models for the continental drift and the
s/a leads to the conclusion that the Earth is currently growing faster cheating second, like it is shown by the calculation. Entirely different
than on average over time of the last 2300 years. Fluctuations in the orders of magnitude are collected here. The neutrino radiation, which
neutrino radiation could possibly be a potential cause. remains based on the measured day-night variation in the Earth’s core,
is a possible candidate. This now raises the question of the mechanism
A wrong approach: the mass of Earth would be constant of interaction and absorption of neutrino radiation in the Earth’s core.
Let’s calculate with the actual measured change of 0.71 s/a. The
conservation of angular momentum requires The Internal Structure of the Earth
J⋅ω = (2/5) ⋅ MR² ⋅ (2π/t) = constant. (1) How is the Earth’s interior structured? For example, how much
weighs a sample mass in the center of the Earth? The last question is
The constant relationRn/t= (R+∆R)n/(t+∆t) (2) answered quickly by a simple consideration: Nothing! In the center of
Gives∆R= R[(1+∆t/t) -1]
1/n
(3) the Earth, there is weightlessness, just like in space. In the center, we are
attracted from all directions with the identical force, adding up all the
In this way it is possible to convert the slowing down of the rotation forces to zero. Has no force longer an impact on a body, so it is in a state
of the earth ∆t in a radius growth ∆R respectively in an increase of the of weightlessness.
volume around the equator ∆R⋅2π and to compare it with observations.
And how does a mixture of different substances in all four states
Some researchers assume that the mass of earth M remains of aggregation arrange themselves? At school, the evidence will be
constant and the expansion of the Earth is done solely at the expense of demonstrated in a test tube. We might as well watch the stratification
density. In this case (for n = 2), density and gravity would continuously on our planet. Above the crust of the earth consisting of solid matter,
decrease. This assumption had so far no confirmation: the fluids, the water, accumulate in the ocean basins. About them the
• On the one hand, the gravity of the earth couldn’t have been gas arranges itself in the atmosphere. In the ionosphere, most materials
much more a long time ago. It must have been, quite the exist in ionized form and form a kind of plasma. Still further out we get
opposite, much smaller than today. For instance, a dinosaurs into space, where the known weightlessness exist, just like in the center
living 160-60 million years ago with a net weight of more than of the Earth. Only the order is reversed toward the center of the earth.
60 (to 100) tons could not bear his weight. His bones would be We have to regard the earth as a kind of sphere vortex, which is
too weak. held together from the outside by a contracting potential vortex and
which an expanding vortex counter-acts from the inside again. Which
• On the other hand, the calculation of the angular momentum
model conception should whatever is used, we must necessarily act on
conservation provides without changing the mass of earth (for
the assumption of an corresponding stratification in the interior of the
M = const. and n = 2), an annual increase of the equatorial
earth. Inside the quite thin crust is the mantle, which is relatively hot and
circumference of 45 cm. This is clearly too much. According
fluid, like the by volcanoes ejected Magma shows us significantly. Still
to the knowledge of the present-day, continental plates drift
no one can push forward deeper with instruments. It has to be expected
with relative speeds between 1 and 12 cm per year [15]. that there is also analogous to the known material states lithosphere-
Across the Atlantic 5-10 cm/a are determined. This is likely to hydrosphere-atmosphere the outer core of gas and the inner of plasma,
correspond approximately the growth of the Earth’s diameter. because only then the weightlessness in the center is plausible [16].
Perrin I confirmed that by his analysis of NASA data on global
Hemispheric rings [3]: he gets to a diameter growth of 2∆R = A plasma- or iron core?
7.79 respectively 7.94 cm/a.
This, however, contradicts the view of an iron core. Is the gas is in a
In relation to the equator the current measurements correspond to metallic state? Certainly the gas in the Earth’s core is under an extremely
a circumference growth of ∆R⋅2π = 24.5 respectively 24.09 cm/a. But high pressure. If thereby the electrons fall from the shell of individual
the constructed value of 45 cm exceeds the maximum anticipated value gas atoms in the atomic nucleus, the atoms will collapse into neutrons.
of 25 cm about nearly twice. This idea of a growing earth whose density The neutrons are requiring only little space compared to the gas
decreases continuously and their mass remains unchanged turns out atoms and they allow a high packing density with high specific weight.
to be false. However, they are also subject to the beta decay, the decay into protons
The approach confirmed by measurements: The density is and electrons, which in turn form hydrogen gas. At this process
constant neutrinos are involved, where their inclusion has to be equated with the
delivery of antineutrinos. The decay equation is:
Next, we calculate the obvious alternative that the density ρ of the
Earth does not change. In this case, with the radius R nº + νe ⇒ p+ + e− . (5)

the volume of the Earth grows V = (4/3)πR3 At this point, there is in fact absorption of neutrinos, an irradiation
and with the Volume again the mass grows M = ρ⋅V. (4) of neutrino energy in the inner core.

The calculation for the conservation of angular momentum (with The equilibrium state
n = 5) gives an annual increase in the earth’s circumference from 18 The wide space requirement by the resulting hydrogen gas leads
to 19 cm at the equator (at 0.71 to 0.73 s/a). This result rather applies, to the high pressure, which makes the atoms collapse to neutrons.
confirming the correctness of this approach. However, not all implode at the same time because an equilibrium

J Geol Geophys Volume 4 • Issue 5 • 1000219

ISSN: 2381-8719 JGG, an open access journal
Citation: Meyl K (2015) Earth Expansion by Neutrino-Power. J Geol Geophys 4: 219. doi: 10.4172/2381-8719.1000219

Page 5 of 5

state is reached, as after each implosion the overpressure suddenly that is pressed as a result of centrifugal forces in the Earth’s mantle
disappears. and there it is stirred slowly as a chewy hot mass. Liquid emergence
products are for example Juvenile water that feeds the ocean from the
The vortex physics even allows an exact calculation of the
equilibrium state when both the neutron and the hydrogen atom are interior of the earth (1 km3/a), or mineral oil, that can fill up the empty
regarded as a vortex [5]. Namely, if a vortex changes its diameter, then pumped oil fields over the time or even completely unexpected occur
both energy and momentum must be balanced. But that only works in granites [17,18]. When such phenomena are observed and reported
if the expanding vortex radiates its energy surplus e.g. in the form of that surprise only professionals who work with unsuitable model
heat. In the opposite case a contracting vortex produces cold, as a result concepts [19].
of a calculable energy deficit [2]. In the case of the Earth’s core only References
as many gas atoms can collapse even under an even so high pressure
1. Hilgenberg O (1933) Vom wachsenden Erdball.
until all the available heat energy is consumed and the absolute zero
of -273°C is reached. Now the next gas atom can implode only when a 2. Meyl K (1998) Scalar Waves, Part 2.
captured neutrino makes free neutron decay and the required amount 3. Perrin I (2002) The geoid´s hemispheric ring dilatation. NCGT, La Junta,
of radiation is released. This also occurs during the beta decay appearing Colorado.
radioactive radiation. 4. Gottfried R (2002) The importance of quantitative inspections for the
understanding of the Earth´s origins. Proc Int Sympos, NCGT Otero Jr Coll
Thus, the vortex physics requires that an equilibrium state occurs pub, La Junta.
only when the inner core is cooled down to zero Kelvin. This idea
5. Meyl K (1996) Scalar Waves, Part 1.
needs getting used to but it delivers as a result of the so expected
superconductivity in the core of the Earth a new and compelling 6. Tesla N (1932) Dr. Tesla Writes of Various Phases of his Discovery. NY Times
explanation for the potential geomagnetism [2]. 6: 16.

7. Moray H (1960) The Sea of Energy in Which the Earth Floats.

Discussion
8. Sutton C (1992) Spaceship Neutrino, Cambridge Univ, Academic.
The question of the iron core has a plausible answer: The
9. Meyl K (2002) Scalar Waves, Part 3.
combination of neutron star of extreme density and gas of minimum
density is currently taking the Earth’s core to a state of equilibrium, which 10. Vaas R Auf der Urerde dauerte ein Tag nur fünf Stunden, Bild der Wissenschaft.
corresponds to the specific weight of iron. The oscillation between the 11. Sonett CP, Uni. Tucson, Arizona: Vor 900 Millionen Jahren hatte der Tag 18
states is static when no neutrino radiation is present. However, because Stunden, Science (dpa).
neutrino radiation from the black hole at the center of the Milky Way 12. Verlängert sich das Jahr? Illustrierte Wissenschaft Nr.10, Okt1998, S 8.
reaches the sun constantly, the oscillation does not come to a standstill
13. Gibt es im Jahr 2003 eine Schaltsekunde? Physikalisch- Technische
and so the associated absorption of neutrino energy and the growth of Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig.
the Earth. But they can have a significant temporary increase through
14. www.ptb.de/de/blickpunkt/infoszurzeit/fragen/10.html
the radiation from supernova explosions in closer proximity. Then this
results in variations of the Earth expansion. 15. Miller R Driftende Kontinente, Time-Life (Planet Erde).

To summarize: In the inner core, connected to the beta decay, 16. Tassos S The earth is a quantum mechanical and not a heat engine, Institute of
Geodynamics, National Observatory of Athens, Greece.
especially the absorption of energy from the cosmic neutrino field
and the materialization of elementary particles take place. In the outer 17. Oesterle O (1997) Goldene Mitte, Universal Experten Verl. 92
core the most diverse gases arise, which are subject to the influence of 18. Meyl K (2000) Neutrinopower, Argo-Verlag Marktoberndorf.
extreme pressure and so to a constant change.
19. Scalera G, Jacob KH (2001) Why expanding Earth? Proceedings of Lautenthal
Random products and chemical reactions give rise to liquid matter Coll TU Berlin and Istituto Nationale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Roma.

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