UNIT 11: CHANGING ROLES IN SOCIETY

A. PHONETICS
I. Mark the replies with falling (agreeing) or rising (disagreeing) arrows.
Then practice saying them.
1. A: E-learning may be able to completely replace the traditional classroom.
B: That’s impossible.
2. A: Women have recently made dramatic gains in electoral politics, winning a
number of high profile positions in the government.
B: Really?
3. A: These days more fathers stay at home and take care of their children.
B: Well, it’s true.
4. A: With both husband and wife working outside the home, the housework and
family responsibilities have to be shared.
B: You are so right.
5. A: I think more parents will choose distant work to take good care of their
children.
B: Well, maybe not.
6. A: Social media on the Internet are playing an important role in the
development of teenagers’ identity.
B: That’s exactly what I think.
7. A: Digital technology can be the teacher of the future.
B: I don’t think so.
8. A: In the near future, artificial intelligence will be used in every aspect of life.
B: Are you sure?

II. Complete the replies with the sentences from the box, then mark them with
falling or rising arrows.
How about traveling by train? OK, I see your point. Me
too.
Really? Not me. I agree! I’d love to but it’s
1. A: I think mothers work harder than fathers!
B: _________________. I think they both work equally hard.
2. A: Cell phones should be made so that they can’t work inside a car.
B: __________________It is dangerous using mobile phone while driving.
3. A: Traveling by plane is a little bit expensive but safe and fast.
B: _______________________You can relax and see the sights of the country.
4. A: Would you like to come up for a coffee?
B: ________________________________
5. A: I think traditional classroom learning is better than online learning.
B: _________________Classroom learning is more helpful due to a continuous
interaction between students and teachers.
6. A: The early flight might be cheaper, but we won’t enjoy our first day there
because we’ll be so tired!
B: __________________Let’s book the later one instead.

B. VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR

I. Complete the sentences with the words from the box.
burden financial facilitator male-dominated
vision
content breadwinner hands-on externally
1. She has a ______ of a future where every person’s rights are respected and
protected.
2. The government should be more ______ to the needs of the homeless in the
city.
3. In a traditional role, men are often expected to be the family’s ______ .
4. Ninety-nine per cent of primary pupils now have ______ experience of
computers.
5. Women are lending a helping hand to their spouses in bearing the ______ of
household expenses.
6. The teacher has to play the role of a ______ in the classroom.
7. Women today are not ______ just to stay at home and raise their children.
8. If used ______ , tea tree oil appears to be a safe product.
9. ______ independence is the ability to earn one’s own living.
10. Pakistan is a ______ society. It is a social system in which men hold power
over women.

II. Match the verbs with their definitions.

1. facilitate a. make something for a particular purpose
2. evaluate b. see something happen
3. tailor c. judge the quality or value of something
4. take place d. make a formal request, usually in writing
5. witness e. make something possible or easier
6. dominate f. take part in
7. orient g. control or have a lot of influence over somebody or
8. participate something
9. apply h. happen
10. attend i. be present at an event such as a meeting or a class
j. aim something at someone or something

III. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in part II.
1. The research ______ were all undergraduate students in their final year.
2. All our courses can be ______ to the needs of individuals.
3. Unlike high school, ______ at most colleges’ classrooms is not compulsory.
4. The technique is not widely practised and requires further ______ .
5. To ______ learning, each class is no larger than 30 students.
6. ______ to the crash say they saw an explosion just before the disaster.
7. Due to COVID 19, traditional face-to-face exams will not ______. Students
will take a 45-minute online free-response exam.
8. Western society tends to be more collective than individually ______ .
9. In most countries men play a ______ role in the major decisions of everyday
life.
10. All suitable ______ will normally be invited to attend for interview.

IV. Underline the correct option.

1. Instructors should have appropriate facilitation / facilitator skills and be able to
develop learner autonomy.
2. As a former schoolmaster, he has always been a firm support / supporter of
traditional learning methods.
3. The company is one of the largest provisions / providers of employment in the
area.
4. Scientists make a prediction / predictor that the earth will be deprived of
certain natural resources for the coming generations.
5. Modern education / educators prefer a different approach to the teaching of
reading.
6. The online application / appliance process is simple and can take a few
minutes.
7. An employer / employee is a vital component of the company and should be
treated fairly.
8. Please complete this section before submitting to evaluation / evaluator.
9. Some interviews / interviewers make an effort to put candidates at ease.
10. The Manufacturing Technology Show in Chicago attracted nearly 90,000
attendees / attendants and 1,200 exhibitors.
V. Complete the sentences with the phrases formed with sense of.
humor style responsibility
direction fun
purpose achievement shame time
1. Martin has a good _______. He doesn’t have to work very hard at making
other people laugh.
2. Alzheimer concluded that she had no _______ and place, and she could barely
remember recent things.
3. She had a poor _______ and soon got lost.
4. He is a master of design, and he’s got a really great _______ .
5. Repairing the car by himself gave him a real _______ .
6. A _______ is an awareness of one’s obligations.
7. He remembered what he had done with a deep _______ .
8. Students learn best when they have a positive self-esteem and _______ .
9. Candles on the table gave the evening a _______ .
10. Don’t be angry - it was just a joke - where’s your _______ ?
VI. Complete the sentences with the future simple (active or passive) of the
verbs in the box.
endanger dominate replace post
teach
carry out produce focus become lead
1. In the future, paper books _______ by books in electronic formats.
2. The new computer chip _______ in Dresden.
3. Soon, online courses _______ readily accessible on mobile devices.
4. The growth of online shopping _______ to the closure of shops in cities and
towns.
5. _______ the cities of future _______ by robots?
6. All the lessons _______ on our Facebook’s group later.
7. The company _______ on dairy product once being put into operation.
8. Science and Mathematics subjects _______ in English by native speakers.
9. By 2040,90 per cent of household chores _______ by robots, drones, and AI
10. Pessimists predict that robots _______ jobs across the globe, and not only in
industrial production.

VII. Use the passive voice to rewrite these sentences.

1. I think robots won’t completely replace humans in the workplace.
→

________________________________________________________________
____________
2. SpaceX will send three tourists to the International Space Station next year.
→

________________________________________________________________
____________
3. They will build solar panels into building materials to power your house.
→

________________________________________________________________
____________
4. Will online learning take over traditional learning methods?
→

________________________________________________________________
____________
5. Domestic robots will free women from cooking, cleaning, and laundry.
→

________________________________________________________________
____________
6. Will Hyundai make flying cars for Uber’s air taxi service by the mid-2020s?
→

________________________________________________________________
____________
7. They will use Volocopter air taxis to ease traffic congestion in major cities.
→

________________________________________________________________
____________
8. We all hope schools will replace exam-oriented education with quality-oriented
education.
→

________________________________________________________________
____________
9. Pinewood Studio will rebuild the James Bond stage, which was destroyed by
fire at the weekend.
→

________________________________________________________________
____________
10. They won’t hold Tokyo Olympics this year because of the COVID-19
pandemic.
→

________________________________________________________________
____________
VIII. Fill in each blank with a suitable relative pronoun.
1. Three years later, we moved to Sao Paulo, _______ we lived for six years.
2. Bill Clinton, _______ wife is a brilliant lawyer, became the President of the US
in 1993.
3. Mrs Smith, _______ has a lot of teaching experience at junior level, will be
joining the school in September.
4. Sydney, _______ has a population of more than three million, is Australia’s
largest city.
5. Darwin, _______ views changed out view of the world, travelled to a lot of
countries.
6. The hijacker gave himself up to police, _______ are now questioning him.
7. We are going to see the new Tom Carter film, _______ was released on Friday.
8. One writer in _______ I had taken an interest was Immanuel Velikovsky.
9. Tina got very good marks in the exam, _______ pleased her parents and
teachers.
10. December, _______ Christmas is celebrated, is a summer month for the
southern hemisphere.
11. The refugees, many of _______ were old and ill, were allowed across the
border.
12. We looked at three flats to let, one of _______ seemed suitable, though it was
expensive.
IX. Make a non-defining relative clause from the two sentences.
1. Catherine ruled Russia for over 30 years. She made many important changes.
→

________________________________________________________________
____________
2. The woman next door is moving next month. I met her for the first time last
week.
→

________________________________________________________________
____________
3. Starbucks wants to open new stores in China. It does business all over the
world.
→

________________________________________________________________
____________
4. I met Julie in the Italian restaurant. She was working as a waitress there.
→

________________________________________________________________
____________
5. The Games International Company has just gone bankrupt. We have done
business with them for many years.
→

________________________________________________________________
____________
6. Our professor of psychology has written some very interesting books. I always
attend her lectures.
→

________________________________________________________________
____________
7. Jane has decided to go and teach abroad. It will be an interesting experience for
her.
→

________________________________________________________________
____________
8. My two cousins are coming to visit next week. I have seen neither of them for
ten years.
→

________________________________________________________________
____________
9. And then Mary walked in. We had been talking about her earlier.
→

________________________________________________________________
____________
10. The last time I went to Scotland was in May. The weather was very beautiful
then.
→

________________________________________________________________
____________
X. Correct the mistakes with relative clauses or punctuation and write the
sentences on the line below.
1. The Glastonbury Festival which is held every June is the largest music festival
in the world.
→

________________________________________________________________
____________
2. The journalist, who work involves a huge amount of international travel, is
currently in South America.
→
 ________________________________________________________________
____________
3. The subtropical gardens, where we love to walk round, are open all year.
→

________________________________________________________________
____________
4. Queensland and Victoria, that are Australian states, are named after Queen
Victoria.
→

________________________________________________________________
____________
5. She knew very little about the man with who she had promised to spend the
summer.
→

________________________________________________________________
____________
6. The weather is very cold at this time of year, that is why I don’t go out very
much.
→

________________________________________________________________
____________
7. Next Saturday, I’m going to visit my father who is staying in a nursing home.
→

________________________________________________________________
____________
8. There are only one or two Greek Islands, which I haven’t visited.
→

________________________________________________________________
____________
9. The houses on Canal Street, many of them had been damaged in the storm,
looked abandoned.
→

________________________________________________________________
____________
10. Do you know any website that I can search for medical information?
→

________________________________________________________________
____________
11. We’ve just bought a computer package that it teaches you how to play the
piano.
→

________________________________________________________________
____________
12. The swimming pool I often went to it when I was a child has been closed.
→

________________________________________________________________
____________

XI. Choose the best answer a, b, c, or d to complete the sentence.

1. My chemistry professor, from _______ I received a fantastic recommendation,
has left the university.
a. that b. which c. who d. whom
2. My favourite holiday was the one _______ in a cottage in the mountains.
a. which spent b. that we spent it c. we spent d. where we
spent
3. Beginning next semester, only registered students _______ to enter the building
at night.
a. allow b. are allowed c. will allow d. will be
allowed
4. At midnight, _______ the fireworks start, the band is going to start playing.
a. which b. when c. where d. that
5. I’ll _______ for my exams this weekend so I think I’ll stay in on Saturday
night.
a. revise b. be revising c. be revised d. being
revised
6. Will Smith, _______ recent movies have been serious, was once considered a
comic actor.
a. whose b. who c. which d. Ø
7. The committee, _______ by the Board of Directors next week, is going to be
responsible for solving the discipline problems.
a. appointing b. be appointed
c. who is appointed d. which will
be appointed
8. When I visit the company _______ I used to work I become very emotional.
 a. that b. whose c. where d. which
9. Please don’t waste a lot of time correcting details _______ completely
inaccurate.
a. that aren’t b. that isn’t c. that they aren’t d. that it isn’t
10. What is the name of the hotel _______ you recommended I stay at when
visiting Seoul?
a. what b. where c. that d. whose
11. He’s the professor whose classes _______ well on standardized tests.
a. always score b. are always scored
c. are always scoring d. will be
always scored
12. It’s believed that many more people _______ of skin cancer over the next ten
years.
a. will die b. will be died c. have died d. are died
13. I told my professor I’d turn in the essay at 9 o’clock, _______ means I’m going
to be up all night.
a. who b. when c. that d. which
14. The book was written by his wife, Joan, _______ he married in 1962.
a. that b. which c. whom d. Ø
15. Due to the company’s need to increase production, the lunch break _______
from one hour to forty-five minutes.
a. has reduced b. are reduced c. was reducing d. will be
reduced
16. Elizabeth Cady Stanton, _______ was born in 1815, was one of the foremost
women’s-rights activists.
a. that b. which c. who d. whom

XII. Fill in each blank with a suitable preposition.

1. I really like Pam because she has a really good sense _______ humor.
2. Apart _______ vaccines, there is no known way to protect against meningitis.
3. What conditions can make governments more responsive _______ the public?
4. If you’re never content _______ what you have, you can never have enough.
5. The cost of cancer treatment often imposes a high financial burden _______
patients and their families.
6. There’s increasing demand _______ part-time jobs from female workers in
many countries.
7. Women now play an important role on the labour market and significantly
contribute _______ socio-economic development.
8. Since 2012, women have participated _______ every Olympic sport at the
Games.
9. These days more fathers stay _______ home and take care _______ their
children.
10. Employees will be evaluated _______ their performance, attendance, and team
skills.

C. SPEAKING
I. Use one of the expressions (A - H) in the box to respond to the statements
(1 - 8).
A. It depends. To some people, marriage is much more important than
anything else.
B. It’s hard to say, but I hope so. I always treasure every minute I spend with
my family.
C. Really? However, I think they can never be as good as teachers.
D. No doubt. I think the price of dosmetic robots will be cheaper so that
every household can afford one.
E. Absolutely not! The technology is advancing, but it’s not perfect.
F. Yeah. But I think it would take a long time to make it come true.
G. No way! They should focus on their study rather than earn their livings at
that age.
H. How come? Nothing can replace conventional education as students need
1. A: Domestic robots will take over routine household chores.
B: _________________________________________________________________
2. A: People definitely won’t work longer hours in the future. They will come back
home earlier to spend time with their family.
B: _________________________________________________________________
3. A: You think teenagers should start working part-time once they enter high
school?
B: _________________________________________________________________
4. A: There will be more and more males taking charge of housework. Some of
them may quit job to take care of their children.
B: _________________________________________________________________
5. A: Is online education going to replace classroom education soon?
B: _________________________________________________________________
6. A: Both males and females won’t get married soon as they focus more on
personal achievement.
B: _________________________________________________________________
7. A: Some experts predict that within the next ten years robots will be regularly
used in classrooms around the world.
B: _________________________________________________________________
8. A: I’m afraid that homeschooling will be dominant and we don’t need real
schools anymore.
B: _________________________________________________________________
II. Put the dialogue into the correct order.
___ Of course. Once they earn their livings, they can take care of themselves and to
some extent, it contributes to create gender equality.
___ Got it. Thank you for your sharing.
___ Definitely yes, but they may hope their husband share the chores with them,
especially when they both go to work.
___ You’re welcome.
___ It depends, but they can choose to stay single as they wish.
___ I mean when women have more chances to work, they can live independently
and happily.
___ Are you sure about that?
1 What are you reading?
___ I see. Won’t they get married?
___ What do you mean?
___ So, if they have their own family, will they take care of it?
___ Cool. What do you think about it?
___ An article about the change of males and females’ roles in society.
___ Well, from my perspectives, it brings more benefits than drawbacks.

D. READING
I. Complete the passage with words from the box.
Breadwinning trend responsible mutual
earning
previously caregiver associated burden
In the past, fathers were not (1) ________ for taking care of their children,
spend time with their children, preparing food for them, and helping them in their
homework. This happened because the sole responsibility of (2) ________ was on
the shoulder of men. Now, as women are sharing the financial (3) ________ , some
fathers take care of their children while their mother is at the workplace. The
depression, egoistic behavior, and pride (4) ________ with being the sole financial
supporter are eventually balanced by the contribution of the female member.
Therefore, the responsibility of child care is also showing a changing (5)
________ .
The number of fathers deciding to stay home is rising at a (6) ________ pace.
This may happen due to several reasons such as females have strong earning
power, and with the (7) ________ decision, they come to the conclusion that one of
them should be at home with children. There are many men today who feel like
acting as a primary (8) ________ being a father with kids. (9) ________ , you
could not imagine that your father would ever do laundry or cleaning. But today in
the absence of mothers or even when they are present, fathers share the
responsibilities at home as women share the (10) ________ responsibility with
fathers. This is how has fatherhood changed over the years.
II. Read the passage carefully, then do the tasks.
With millions of jobs set to be replaced by changes in technology, we may not
be able to stop the rise of robots and automation. The robots are coming. We can
see the enormous strides that technology makes each year and the jobs taken over
by automation. Yes, believe it or not, there really are robots performing surgeries
on humans. Robot-assisted surgery can give surgeons more precise control over
their instruments and an improved view of what they are doing.
Computer systems are becoming incredibly good at performing multi-faceted
tasks. Take autonomous cars which can be classified as robotic vehicles. Driving
would fit all the criteria for a complicated task that only humans should be able to
perform, yet we have autonomous cars increasingly racking up the miles collision
free. In the game-playing arena, we are seeing machines beat the previously
unbeatable professional players and generally encroaching on skills that once
belonged to humans alone. All these technologies eventually can be integrated
into robots. Are we close to the tipping point where humans become redundant in
many sectors?
According to a recent survey, four million jobs in the British private sector
could be replaced by robots in the next decade. That would impact on 15 percent of
the current workforce and would have much the same impact in Ireland. Of course,
new opportunities will come along, particularly ones which require strong cognitive
and social skills, but this really means that people will have to become more
human.
A. Match the bold words or phrases in the text with their definitions.
1. having many different aspects _______________
2. combined with _______________
3. gaining _______________
4. relating to the processes of thinking and reasoning _______________
5. appear _______________
6. standards _______________
7. important positive developments _______________
8. taking more control _______________
B. Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F).
1. We cannot put a stop on technology innovation.
2. Robotic systems can help surgeons increase precision.
3. Computer systems are only capable of carrying out multiple simple tasks.
4. Driving task is so complex that it can’t be performed by an autonomous
vehicle.
5. Self-driving cars can travel miles without accident.
6. People in many sectors have lost their jobs because of automation.
7. In the next ten years, robots could take over four million jobs in the British
private sector.
8. In the future, people will just do the jobs that require strong cognitive and
social skills.
C. Answer the questions.
1. Why is robot-assisted surgery used?

___________________________________________________________________
_________
2. Can robots defeat human players in games?

________________________________________________________________
____________
3. What percentage of the Ireland workforce could be affected by the use of robots
in 10 years’ time?

___________________________________________________________________
_________
4. Will technology create new job opportunities for the human race?

___________________________________________________________________
_________
5. What jobs can human do better than robots?

___________________________________________________________________
_________

E. WRITING
I. Reorder the words to make sentences.
1. outside/ and served/ the home/ traditionally,/ men/ for the family/ have worked/
as the sole breadwinner.

________________________________________________________________
____________
2. at home/ raise the children/ in the past,/ to stay/ women/ and take care of/ were
expected/ the household.

________________________________________________________________
____________
3. who/ of men/ has doubled/ stay-at-home fathers/ the number/ are/ in the past 20
years.

________________________________________________________________
____________
4. with/ women/ the financial burden/ their partners/ are capable of/ nowadays/
sharing.

________________________________________________________________
____________
5. a significant role/ in helping/ women’s time/ technology/ free up/ plays.

________________________________________________________________
____________
6. teachers/ be replaced/ some experts/ would never/ said that/ by educational
robots.

________________________________________________________________
____________
7. challenging/ creating robotic teachers/ that/ all job demands/ can meet/ might
be.

________________________________________________________________
____________
8. the students/ important computer skills/ which/ online education/ play/ teaches/
in today’s everyday life/ an important part.

________________________________________________________________
____________
9. by 2040/ household chores/ thanks to/ according to futurologists,/ robots,
drones and AI/ 90 per cent of/ will be automated.

________________________________________________________________
____________
10. we/ cook/ in the next 20 years/ appear/virtual chefs/ as holograms/ will see/
every step of the way/ to help us.

________________________________________________________________
____________
II. Write the second sentence so that it has the same meaning as the first.
1. Quality-oriented education cannot fully replace exam-oriented education within
a short period of time.
→ Exam-oriented education______________________________________________
2. Robert Pattinson visited our school last week. He played Edward in the
Twilight films.
→ Robert Pattinson_____________________________________________________
3. Many people came to the meeting but some were half an hour late.
→ Many people came to the meeting, some _________________________________
4. I sent you a postcard that was written on the summit of Ben Nevis.
→ The postcard________________________________________________________
5. The man suddenly realized that the neighbour was watching him.
→ The man suddenly realized that he ______________________________________
6. “How about doing online shopping so that we can save time and energy?”.
→ Ann suggested we____________________________________________________
7. You’ll lose your work unless you save it before closing the word-processing
program.
→ If_________________________________________________________________
8. Is Saturday morning school compulsory in your country?
→ Do students_________________________________________________________
9. “Have you seen anyone who fits the description?”
→ The police asked me__________________________________________________
10. The Kenyan government should now pay more attention to gender inequality.
→ It’s time ___________________________________________________________
 TEST FOR UNIT 11
I. Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from the
others.
1. a. burden b. student c. humour d. contribute
2. a. affection b. facilitate c. attendance d. application
3. a. challenged b. reduced c. employed d. performed
4. a. process b. society c. certain d. financial
5. a. expert b. externally c. experience d. explain
II. Choose the word that has the stress different from the rest.
1. a. tailor b. vision c. demand d. figure
2. a. content b. hands-on c. virtual d. facilitate
3. a. independent b. curriculum c. externally d. society
4. a. communicator b. interviewer c. evaluator d. facilitator
5. a. consequently b. individual c. breadwinner d. dominated
III. Mark each agree or disagree response with the correct tone, using falling
or rising arrows.
Janet: I think we should study hard to get better job in the future.
John: Yes, that’s important.
Janet: But studying is not the only way to achieve success.
John: Couldn’t agree more.
Janet: That’s why I intend to drop school and find a job to earn money.
John: You want to drop school?
Janet: Yes. I don’t think I like going to school that much. It’s too tiring and
uninteresting.
John: I don’t think so.
Janet: And...with money, you can buy anything you want.
John: Well, you may be right. But in the future, with no qualifications you won’t
be able to get high-paying jobs.
Janet: I know that’s right.
IV. Choose the best answer a, b, c or d to complete the sentence.
1. Young women today have jobs, so they are no longer economically dependent
________ their husbands.
a. in b. from c. with d. on
2. Education system changes will ________ over the next few years.
a. take place b. take part c. take time d. take control
3. Online learning platforms are becoming more and more ________.
a. individual-oriented b. individually-
orienting
c. individually-oriented d. orientedly-individual
4. The teacher’s role in online learning is mainly that of a ________.
a. facilitator b. educator c. evaluator d. supporter
5. My mobile phone, ________ I lost on the train last week, had all my contacts
on it.
a. whose b. that c. which d. 0
6. New curricula will ________ to meet the demands of a changing society and in
training teachers.
a. develop b. be developing c. be developed d. have
developed
7. On my trip last year, I was able to visit some places ________ in a long time.
a. hadn’t seen b. for which I hadn’t seen
c. where hadn’t seen d. I hadn’t seen
8. There’s going to be a new principal in September, ________ is good. It’s time
for a change.
a. that b. which c. who d. when
9. Many schools and teachers have ________ curriculum and teaching methods to
meet the needs of students.
a. applied b. tailored c. evaluated d. oriented
10. “I really think online study is much more beneficial than classroom study.”
“________ Face-to-face is always the better way of learning.”
a. I don’t think so. b. I couldn’t agree more.
c. Yes, I suppose so. c. Well, you
may be right.

V. Write the correct form or tense of the verbs in brackets.

1. I don’t think lawyers, doctors and teachers _______ (replace) by AI
2. Robots, drones and AI _______ (carry out) 90 per cent of household chores by
2040.
3. In 1965, the average father _______ (spend) about 2.5 hours each day taking
care of children.
4. I _______ (try) to call the internet company all morning but I can’t get through.
5. Neither his children nor his wife _______ (go) to Bali with him next week.
6. Despite the popularity of online programs, online-only students tend _______
(struggle) more than those in face-to-face courses.
7. What _______ (we/ do) if all jobs _______ (automate)?
8. When she _______ (enrol) on the course, she _______ (never study) a foreign
language before.
9. The number of stay-at-home dads _______ (grow) steadily since the mid-
1990s.
10. People _______ (leave) early will not be eligible for the grand prize drawing at
7 o’clock.
VI. Write the correct form of the words in brackets.
1. Digital technology can never be the teacher of the future but it will be the
teacher’s _______. (assist)
2. Women are more _______ independent than ever before. (finance)
3. A patriarchal society places men as the _______ figures, with more power over
the women and children. (dominate)
4. The use of melatonin to treat insomnia in cancer patients is under _______ .
(evaluate)
5. The wonders of modern technology have _______ women from the household
Burdens. (freedom)
6. Schools must develop policies to support and maintain student _______ .
(attend)
7. Hong Kong is an externally- _______ economy and pursues a free trade policy.
(orient)
8. Technology is enabling us to be more _______ to change as it happens.
(respond)
9. The _______ of women in education and employment is a big change in our
Society. (involve)
10. There is inadequate childcare provision and _______ many women who wish to
work are unable to do so. (consequence)
11. Gender _______ refers to unequal treatment or perceptions of individuals based
on their gender. (equal)
12. An ideal job interview will give the _______ the opportunity to learn about the
Company. (interview)

VII. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate that underlined part that needs
correction in each of the following sentences.
1. Men and women’s roles in society have been changed for decades now.
A B C D
2. In the future, students will be able to choose whether to go to school or stay at
home
A B C
and following the lessons online.
D
3. Hands-on learning is proven to be more effective at helping students grasp
which
A B C
they’re taught.
D
4. Children who’s parents spend time with them and take an interest in their
education
A B C
tend to do better in school.
D
5. Frank Zappa, that was one of the most creative artists in rock’n roll, came from
California.
A B C D
6. The bookstore did not have the book on women’s rights that I needed it for my
project.
A B C D
7. Exam results will be no released until the transcript has been processed and
approved
A B C
by NBCOT.
D
8. One of my best friends were awarded a full scholarship to Harvard, which is
one of
A B C
the most prestigious universities in the world.
D
9. Some students have found it easier to participate from remote classes without
the
A B C
social pressures of a physical classroom.
D
10. It is becoming more socially acceptable to fathers to stay at home and become
the
A B C
primary caregivers for their children.
D
VIII. Match each sentence in column A to its response in column B.
A B
1. Do you think the role of father will a. No way! I believe people still
completely change in the future? watch it but not that often.
2. There will be no household b. You need to have your career,
watching television in the next 10 make your own money, and
years. never stop learning.
3. Should wives ask their husbands to c. No doubt. They can gain real-life
help them with housework? experience.
4. Is online learning better than d. Absolutely. Conventional
classroom learning? education is no more effective in
the present, when knowledge is
freely available through the
5. What should I do to become a Internet.
strong independent girl? e. Why not? Men should share
6. More and more women will not get household duties with their
 married if they don’t want to. wives.
7. We should reframe our education f. Both have their pros and cons, I
system, shouldn’t we? think.
8. I believe field trips provide students
with much practical knowledge. g. Sure. They definitely have that
right.

h. It’s impossible.

IX. Choose the correct answers to complete the passage.

Can E-learning replace the traditional classroom?
E-learning is a form of learning, using electronic means, primarily e-mail and
the Internet. The teacher’s role in online learning is mainly that of a (1) _______ .
There is less direct teacher-to-student interaction than (2) _______ found in the
classroom. Learning is largely (4) _______ , and the student bears more individual
responsibility to manage time and complete tasks within the given time frame. (4)
_______ , some students learn less effectively through this method and do not have
the required self-discipline to learn via the Internet.
Although E-learning provides a (5) _______ of advantages for users, significant
disadvantages also exist for students. Additionally, the effectiveness of E-learning
also (6) _______ based on an individual’s learning style and behavior type. Further,
their learning styles may differ and they may not be able to comprehend the given
information (7) _______ further explanation from a teacher. E-learning does not
have a way of ensuring (8) _______ the students are really learning the material.
E-learning also does not accommodate the different learning styles (9) _______ the
students. Not all students are self-motivated and self-determined to handle online
courses. Therefore, as suggested by a private Masters’ of Computer Application’s
college, E-learning (10) _______ be able to completely replace the traditional
classroom.
1. a. contributor b. instructor c. facilitator d. performer
2. a. normally b. entirely c. heavily d. hardly
3. a. self-oriented b. self-absorbed c. self-motivated d. self-
controlled
4. a. Consequently b. Moreover c. Therefore d. However
5. a. majority b. number c. couple d. bit
6. a. fluctuates b. evaluates c. involves d. acquires
7. a. with b. without c. about d. on
8. a. which b. what c. whose d. that
9. a. for b. to c. of d. towards
10. a. will b. shan’t c. can’t d. may not
X. Read the text carefully, then choose the correct answers.
 The education system of the 21st century has changed radically with the
integration of the technology in every sector. At the same time, the students are
more matured than the previous time. Now, in the twenty-first century education
depends on Thinking Skills, Interpersonal Skills, Information Media, Technological
Skills as well as Life Skills. Especially, the education of the present time
emphasizes on life and career skills. Now there has no value for rote learning. In
general, it needs to meet the industry need. To clarify, the teaching will be effective
when a student can use the lesson outside of the classroom.
For changing the globalizing world, the role of the teachers is essential to
improve the sustainable education. At the same time, inspiring and guiding the
students in increasing employability skills with the digital tools is the prerequisite
for a teacher. Thus a teacher in the twenty-first century will be a digital teacher.
Teachers are not the facilitator for learning of the students only, and now they are
responsible for training the students for increasing employability skills, expanding
the mind, growing digital citizenship, critical thinking, and creativity as well as
sustainable learning. Thus, the winning of the students is the win of the teachers.
With the passage of time and integration of technology in every sector, the
teacher’s role has changed a lot. They need to enrich some skills to develop their
students. Otherwise, the students will not get the lesson, and it will increase the rate
of educated unemployed in the digital era.
1. What is the topic of the passage?
a. The decline of traditional educational system.
b. The role of education in the 21st century.
c. The impact of teachers on student achievement.
d. The changing role of teachers in 21st century schooling.
2. According to the first passage, technology in the 21st century ____________.
a. is making students more matured b. has transformed education
c. enhances students’ performance d. has changed life and career skills
3. What is rote learning?
a. A teaching approach based on practical activities
b. An educational method that centers on big-picture ideas
c. A memorization technique based on repetition
d. A collaborative learning approach based on group work
4. According to the passage, the teachers of the 21st century ____________.
a. should pay more attention to new digital tools
b. can take their lessons outside of the classroom
c. need to find ways to improve digital citizenship skills
d. must help their students develop employability skills
5. The word “it” in the first paragraph refers to ____________.
a. rote learning b. technology c. education d.
teaching
6. The phrase “critical thinking” in the second paragraph means ____________.
 a. a thought without actual study of the fact
b. a method of solving problems by using your imagination
c. the analysis and evaluation of an issue to form a judgment
d. the ability to think about things that are not actually present
7. Which of the following statements is not true?
a. The roles of teachers are evolving due to changes in technology.
b. Teachers no longer function as lecturers but as facilitators of learning.
c. A 21st century education gives students the skills they need to succeed in
their careers.
d. If the students aren’t educated, they will be unemployed in the digital era.
8. All of the following statements can be inferred from the passage EXCEPT
____________.
a. vocational education will be more focused
b. teachers are now faced with a lot of challenges
c. students will be better equiped for their future
d. teaching is getting more and more complex and challenging
XI. Write the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first
sentence, using the word in capital.
1. Professor Marshall has just retired. He taught us linguistics at Cambridge
University. (WHO)
Professor Marshall___________________________________________________
2. This is his third book, the publication of which made such an impression.
(WHOSE)
This is_____________________________________________________________
3. Will robot butlers do all household chores by 2040? (BE)
Will_______________________________________________________________
4. This country has high youth unemployment in comparision with other
European countries. (THAN)
This country has_____________________________________________________
5. Marcus started working in this bank when he graduated university. (BEEN)
Marcus____________________________________________________________
6. In 1959 they moved to New Jersey and he opened his first Italian-American
bakery there. (WHERE)
In 1959____________________________________________________________
7. Penny jumped out of the way so she wasn’t hit by the falling branch. (AVOID)
Penny_____________________________________________________________
8. Unfortunately, I didn’t have my credit card with me. (WHICH)
I__________________________________________________________________
9. He prefers travelling on his own to spending time with others. (RATHER)
He________________________________________________________________
10. “Are you thinking of changing your career to a new line?” I asked her.
(WHETHER)
I__________________________________________________________________