Lesson Surah Balad
Lesson Surah Balad
Lesson Surah Balad
TRANSLITERATION
Surah Al Fajr
َفُّك َر َقَبٍة
Fakku raqabah
13. It is the freeing of a slave
َيِتيًم ا َذ ا َم ْقَرَبٍة
Yateeman zaa maqrabah
15. An orphan of near relationship
ِر الَّصْبِب ا ْو َص ا َوَت َو وا ُن َم آ َن ي ِذَّلا َن ِم َن ا َك َّمُث
َو َتَو اَص ْو ا ِباْلَم ْر َح َم ِة
Thumma kana mina allatheena amanoowatawasaw bissabri
watawasaw bilmarhama
17. And then being among those who believed and advised one another to
patience and advised one another to compassion.
َن ْي
َم َم ِة ْل ا اُب َح ْصَأ َكِئ َٰلوُأ
Ola-ika as-habualmaymana
18. Those are the companions of the right.
َو اَّلِذ يَن َك َفُروا ِبآَياِتَنا ُهْم َأْص َح اُب اْلَم ْش َأَم ِة
Wallatheena kafaroo bi-ayatinahum as-habu almash-ama
19. But they who disbelieved in Our signs – those are the companions of
the left.
Ibn Kathir
Maarif-ul-Quran
Shade of Qur'an
Abul A'la Maududi
TAFSEER SURAH BALAD BY IBN KATHIR
Which was revealed in Makkah
Swearing by the Sanctity of Makkah and Other Things that Man was created in
Hardship
Here Allah has sworn by Makkah, the Mother of the Towns, addressing its resident (during
the non-sacred months,) free in this city in order to draw his attention to the significance of its
sanctity when its people are in the state of sanctity. Khusayf reported from Mujahid;
، َفُهَو َحَر اٌم ِبُحْر َم ِة ِهللا ِإَلى َيْو م اْلِقَياَم ِة اَل ُيْع َض ُد َش َج ُر ُه َو اَل ُيْخ َتَلى َخاَل ُه، «ِإَّن َهَذ ا اْلَبَلَد َح َّر َم ُه ُهللا َيْو َم َخ َلَق الَّسمَو اِت َو اَأْلْر َض
» َأاَل َفْلُيَبِّلِغ الَّش اِهُد اْلَغاِئب، َو َقْد َعاَد ْت ُحْر َم ُتَها اْلَيْو َم َكُحْر َم ِتَها ِباَأْلْم ِس،َو ِإَّنَم ا ُأِح َّلْت ِلي َس اَع ٌة ِم ْن َنَهاٍر
(Verily, Allah made this city sacred on the Day that He created the heavens and the earth.
Therefore, it is sacred by the sanctity of Allah until the Day of Judgement. Its trees should not
be uprooted, and its bushes and grasses should not be removed. And it was only made lawful
for me (to fight in) for one hour of a day. Today its sanctity has been restored just as it was
sacred yesterday. So, let the one who is present inform those who are absent.) In another
wording of this Hadith, he said,
» ِإَّن َهللا َأِذ َن ِلَر ُسوِلِه َو َلْم َيْأَذْن َلُك م:«َفِإْن َأَح ٌد َتَر َّخ َص ِبِقَتاِل َر ُسوِل ِهللا َفُقوُلوا
(So, if anyone tries to use the fighting of the Messenger (to conquer Makkah) as an excuse (to
fight there), then tell him that Allah permitted it for His Messenger and He has not permitted
it for you.) Concerning Allah’s statement,
﴾ ﴿ِفى َك َبٍد
(in Kabad.) “A drop of sperm, then a clot, then a lump of flesh, enduring in his creation.”
Mujahid then said, “This is similar to Allah’s statement,
﴾ ﴿َو َشَفَتْيِن
(and two lips) In order to help him with speaking, eating food, and beautifying his face and
his mouth.
﴾ ﴿ِإَّنا َخ َلْقَنا اِإل نَس ـَن ِم ن ُّنْطَفٍة َأْم َش اٍج َّنْبَتِليِه َفَجَع ْلَنـُه َسِم يعًا َبِص يرًا – ِإَّنا َهَدْيَنـُه الَّس ِبيَل ِإَّم ا َش اِكرًا َو ِإَّم ا َك ُفورًا
(Verily, We have created man from Nutfah Amshaj, in order to try him: so We made him
hearer and seer. Verily, We showed him the way, whether he be grateful or ungrateful.)
(76:2-3)
﴾ ﴿َو َم آ َأْد َر اَك َم ا اْلَع َقَبُة – َفُّك َر َقَبٍة َأْو ِإْطَع اٌم
(And what will make you know the path that is steep Freeing a neck, or giving food.)” Imam
Ahmad recorded from Sa`id bin Marjanah that he heard Abu Hurayrah saying that the
Messenger of Allah said,
، َو ِبالِّر ْج ِل الِّر ْج َل،«َم ْن َأْعَتَق َر َقَبًة ُم ؤِم َنًة َأْعَتَق ُهللا ِبُك ِّل ِإْر ٍب َأْي ُعْض ٍو ِم ْنَها ِإْر ًبا ِم ْنُه ِم َن الَّناِر َح ْتى ِإَّنُه َلُيْع ِتُق ِباْلَيِد اْلَيَد
»َو ِباْلَفْر ِج اْلَفْر ج
(Whoever frees a believing slave, Allah will free for every limb (of the slave) one of his
limbs from the Fire. This is to such an extent that He (Allah) will free a hand for a hand, a leg
for a leg, and a private part for a private part.) `Ali bin Al-Husayn then said (to Sa`id), “Did
you hear this from Abu Hurayrah” Sa`id replied, “Yes.” Then `Ali bin Al-Husayn said to a
slave boy that he owned who was the swiftest of his servants, “Call Mutarrif!” So when the
slave was brought before him he said, “Go, for you are free for the Face of Allah.” Al-
Bukhari, Muslim, At-Tirmidhi, An-Nasa’i, all recorded this Hadith from Sa`id bin Marjanah.
Imam Ahmad recorded from `Amr bin `Abasah that the Prophet said,
«َم ْن َبَنى َم ْس ِج ًدا ِلُيْذ َك َر ُهْللا ِفيِه َبَنى ُهْللا َلُه َبْيًتا ِفي اْلَج َّنِة َو َم ْن َأْعَتَق َنْفًسا ُم ْس ِلَم ًة َكاَنْت ِفْد َيَتُه ِم ْن َجَهَّنَم َو َم ْن َش اَب َشْيَبًة ِفي
»اِإْل ْس اَل ِم َكاَنْت َلُه ُنوًرا َيْو َم اْلِقَياَم ة
(Whoever builds a Masjid so that Allah may be remembered in it, Allah will build a house for
him in Paradise; and whoever frees a Muslim person, then it will be his ransom from Hell;
and whoever grows grey in Islam, then it will be a light for him on the Day of Judgement.)
According to another route of transmission, Ahmad recorded from Abu Umamah, who
reported from `Amr bin `Abasah that As-Sulami said to him, “Narrate a Hadith to us that you
heard from the Messenger of Allah , without any deficiency or mistakes.” He (`Amr) said, “I
heard him saying,
َو َم ْن َش اَب َشْيَبًة ِفي، «َم ْن ُوِلَد َلُه َثاَل َثُة َأْو اَل ٍد ِفي اِإْل ْس اَل ِم َفَم اُتوا َقْبَل َأْن َيْبُلُغ وا اْلِح ْنَث َأْدَخ َلُه ُهللا اْلَج َّنَة ِبَفْض ِل َر ْح َم ِتِه ِإَّياُهْم
َو َم ْن َأْعَتَق، َو َم ْن َر َم ى ِبَس ْهم ِفي َس ِبيِل ِهللا َبَلَغ ِبِه اْلَع ُد َّو َأَص اَب َأْو َأْخ َطَأ َك اَن َلُه ِع ْتُق َر َقَبٍة،َس ِبيِل ِهللا َكاَنْت َلُه ُنوًرا َيْو َم اْلِقَياَم ِة
َو َم ْن َأْنَفَق َز ْو َج ْيِن ِفي َس ِبيِل ِهللا َفِإَّن ِلْلَج َّنِة َثَم اِنَيَة َأْبَو اٍب ُيْد ِخ ُلُه ُهللا، َر َقَبًة ُم ْؤ ِم َنـًة َأْعَتَق ُهللا ِبُك ِّل ُعْض ٍو ِم ْنُه ُعْض ًو ا ِم ْنُه ِم َن الَّناِر
»ِم ْن َأِّي َباٍب َش اَء ِم ْنَها
(Whoever has three children born to him in Islam, and they die before reaching the age of
puberty, Allah will enter him into Paradise by virtue of His mercy to them. And whoever
grows gray in the way of Allah (fighting Jihad), then it will be a light for him on the Day of
Judgement. And whoever shoots an arrow in the way of Allah (fighting Jihad) that reaches
the enemy, whether it hits or misses, he will get the reward of freeing a slave. And whoever
frees a believing slave, then Allah will free each of his limbs from the Fire for every limb that
the slave has. And whoever equipped two riding animals in the way of Allah (for fighting
Jihad), then indeed Paradise has eight gates, and Allah will allow him to enter any of them he
choses.)” Ahmad recorded this Hadith from different routes of transmission that are good and
strong, and all praise is due to Allah.Allah said,
﴾﴿َيِتيمًا
(To an orphan) meaning, he gives food on a day like this to an orphan.
﴾﴿َذ ا َم ْقَرَبٍة
(near of kin.) meaning, who is related to him. Ibn `Abbas, `Ikrimah, Al-Hasan, Ad-Dahhak
and As-Suddi all said this. This is similar to what was related in a Hadith that was collected
by Imam Ahmad on the authority of Salman bin `Amir who said that he heard the Messenger
of Allah say,
» َص َد َقٌة َو ِص َلة: «الَّصَد َقُة َع َلى اْلِم ْس ِكيِن َص َد َقٌة َو َع َلى ِذ ي الَّر ِح ِم اْثَنَتاِن
(Charity given to the poor person is counted as one charity, while if it is given to a relative it
is counted as two: charity and connecting the ties (of kinship).) At-Tirmidhi and An-Nasa’i
both recorded this Hadith and its chain of narration is authentic. Then Allah says,
﴾ ﴿َو َم ْن َأَر اَد اٌّالِخَر َة َو َسَع ى َلَها َس ْع َيَها َو ُهَو ُم ْؤ ِم ٌن َفُأوَلـِئَك َك اَن َس ْعُيُهم َّم ْشُك وًرا
(And whoever desires the Hereafter and strives for it, with the necessary effort due for it
while he is believer, then such are the ones whose striving shall be appreciated.) (17:19)
Allah also says,
» اْر َحُم وا َم ْن ِفي اَأْلْر ِض َيْر َحْم ُك ْم َم ْن ِفي الَّسَم اء، «الَّراِحُم وَن َيْر َحُم ُهُم الَّرْح مُن
(The merciful people will be treated with mercy by the Most Merciful (Allah). Be merciful to
those who are on the earth and He Who is above the heavens will be merciful to you.) In
another Hadith he said,
»«َم ْن َلْم َيْر َح ْم َصِغ يَر َنا َو َيْع ِر ْف َح َّق َك ِبيِر َنا َفَلْيَس ِم َّنا
(Whoever does not show mercy to our children, nor does he recognize the right of our elders,
then he is not of us.) Then Allah says,
﴾ ﴿َو اَّلِذ يَن َكَفُروْا ِبَـاَيـِتَنا ُهْم َأْص َح ـُب اْلَم ْش َـَم ِة
(But those who disbelieved in Our Ayat, they are those on the Left.) meaning, the
companions of the Left Hand.
﴾﴿ُّم ْؤ َص َد ُة
(Mu’sadah.) “This means shut.” Ibn `Abbas said, “Its doors will be closed.” Ad-Dahhak said,
﴾﴿ُّم ْؤ َص َد ُة
(Mu’sadah.) “It will be sealed over them and it will have no door.” Qatadah said,
﴾﴿ُّم ْؤ َص َد ُة
(Mu’sadah.) “It will be shut and there will be no light in it, no crevice (escape), and no way
out of it forever.” This is the end of the Tafsir of Surat Al-Balad, and all praise and blessings
are due to Allah.