26/09/2020

MODULE 4: PRESTRESSED CONCRETE

UPDATED IN NSCP 2015

 4.10- Introduction
Prestressing can be defined as the imposition of internal stresses into a structure that are of
opposite character to those that will be caused by the service or working loads.

 Advantages of prestressing concrete over reinforced concrete:

1) Minimize tension through the introduction of axial precompression

2) Cracks are limited to the desired degree by varying the amount of compressive stress
3) Control of deflection by prestraining high strength reinforcements
4) Utilization of high strength materials permits the use of smaller and lighter members

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 4.10- Introduction
For a more detailed illustration of prestressing, see Figure. It is assumed that the following
steps have been taken with regard to this beam:

1. Steel strands (represented by the dashed lines) were placed in the lower part of the beam form.
2. The strands were tensioned to a very high stress.
3. The concrete was placed in the form and allowed to gain sufficient strength for the prestressed strands
to be cut.
4. The strands were cut.

 4.10- Introduction

 compression stress has been produced in the bottom of the beam opposite in character to
the tensile stress that is caused there by the working loads.

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 4.20- METHODS OF PRESTRESSING

The two general methods of prestressing are pretensioning and posttensioning.

1. Pre-tensioning
ꟷ where the prestress tendons were tensioned before the concrete was placed.
ꟷ After the concrete had hardened sufficiently, the tendons were cut and the prestress force was
transmitted to the concrete by bond
ꟷ suited for mass production

 4.20- METHODS OF PRESTRESSING

The two general methods of prestressing are pretensioning and posttensioning.

2. Posttensioning
ꟷ the tendons are stressed after the concrete is placed and has gained the desired strength.
ꟷ Plastic or metal tubes, conduits, sleeves, or similar devices with unstressed tendons inside (or later
inserted) are located in the form and the concrete is placed.
ꟷ After the concrete has sufficiently hardened, the tendons are stretched and mechanically attached to end
anchorage devices to keep the tendons in their stretched positions.
ꟷ Thus, by posttensioning, the prestress forces are transferred to the concrete not by bond but by end
bearing.

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 4.3 Flexural Stress Calculations

Consider the tendons are assumed to be located an eccentric distance, e, below the centroidal axis of the
beam

𝑷 𝑷𝒆𝒄 𝑴𝒄
𝒇=− ± ∓
𝑨 𝑰 𝑰

1. the beam is subjected to a combination of direct compression (P) and a moment because of the
eccentricity of the prestress (Pe)
2. there will be a moment (M) from the external load, including the beam’s own weight
3. the resulting stress (f) at any point in the beam caused by these three factors can be written as follows

 4.3 Stress Calculations

Equivalent loads and moments produced by prestressing tendons

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 4.3 Stress Calculations

𝐒𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐬 𝐃𝐢𝐚𝐠𝐫𝐚𝐦 𝐨𝐟
𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐞𝐝 𝐁𝐞𝐚𝐦

Axial Stress due to + Moment due to + Moment due to =𝒇

prestressing force the eccentric external loading
prestressing force

 4.3 Stress Calculations

the resulting stress (f) at any point in the beam caused by these three factors can be written as follows

𝑷 𝑷𝒆𝒄 𝑴𝒄
𝒇=− ± ∓
Where: 𝑨 𝑰 𝑰
P is the prestress force, N or KN
e is the eccentricity of the prestress force with respect to the centroid of the cross section, mm or m
c is the distance from the centroidal axis to the extreme fiber (top or bottom depending on where the stresses are being determined), mm or m
M is the applied moment from unfactored loads at the stage at which stresses are being calculated, kN-m, or N-mm
A is the uncracked concrete cross-sectional area, mm² or m²
I is the moment of inertia of the gross concrete cross section

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 4.4 Stress Calculations- Straight Tendons

For stresses in the simply supported beams;

𝑷 𝑷𝒆𝒄 𝑴𝒄
𝑨𝑻 𝑴𝑰𝑫 − 𝑺𝑷𝑨𝑵 𝒇=− ± ∓
𝑨 𝑰 𝑰

𝑷 𝑷𝒆𝒄
𝑨𝑻 𝑻𝑯𝑬 𝑺𝑼𝑷𝑷𝑶𝑹𝑻 𝒇=− ∓
𝑨 𝑰

Example 4-01
A simply supported symmetrical I beam shown in cross section in Figure, will be used on a 12.2 meters
simple span. It has the following section properties

𝒌𝑵
𝒘𝑺𝑰𝑫𝑳+𝑳𝑳 = 𝟐𝟑. 𝟕𝟔
𝒎
𝑨𝒄 = 𝟏𝟏𝟎 𝒙 𝟏𝟎𝟑 𝒎𝒎𝟐 𝟑𝟎𝟎 𝒎𝒎
𝑰𝒈 = 𝟒. 𝟔𝟗𝒙 𝟏𝟎𝟗 𝒎𝒎𝟒
𝟔𝟎𝟎 𝒎𝒎
𝟏𝟗𝟖 𝒎𝒎
𝟑𝟎𝟎 𝒎𝒎

The beam will be pretensioned with multiple seven-wire strands with the centroid at a constant eccentricity of 198 mm.
The prestress force P immediately after transfer will be 703 kN. Weight of the beam is 2.64 kN/m.

After time-dependent losses, the force will reduce to 596 kN.

1. Calculate the concrete stresses at the midspan and end section of the beam at the time of transfer (initial prestress
and selfweight)
2. Calculate the concrete stresses at the midspan and end section of the beam at the time of service load is applied (
After losses + self-weight + full service loads)

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Example 4-01
Solution: 1. Calculate the concrete stresses at the midspan and end section of the beam at the time of
transfer (Initial prestress + self-weight)

Stress for Simply Supported Beam Stress @End Span Stress @Middle Span
Bottom, MPa Top, MPa Bottom, MPa Top, MPa
Prestressing 𝑃 703,000 703,000 703,000 703,000
− − = −𝟔. 𝟑𝟗 − = −𝟔. 𝟑𝟗 − = −𝟔. 𝟑𝟗 − = −𝟔. 𝟑𝟗
Force 𝐴𝑐 110 𝑥 103 110 𝑥 103 110 𝑥 103 110 𝑥 103

Eccentricity of 𝑃𝑒c 703,000 198 300 703,000 198 300 703,000 198 300 703,000 198 300
± − + −
Prestressing 𝐼𝑔 4.69 𝑥109 4.69 𝑥109 4.69 𝑥109 4.69 𝑥109
Force = −𝟖. 𝟗𝟎 = +𝟖. 𝟗𝟎 = −𝟖. 𝟗𝟎 = +𝟖. 𝟗𝟎

External Moment 𝑀𝑐 0 0 2.64(12,200)² 300 2.64(12,200)² 300

± + −
𝐼𝑔 8 4.69 𝑥109 8 4.69 𝑥109
= +𝟑. 𝟏𝟒 = −𝟑. 𝟏𝟒
Net Stress 𝒇 −𝟏𝟓. 𝟐𝟗 +𝟐. 𝟓𝟏 −𝟏𝟐. 𝟏𝟓 −𝟎. 𝟔𝟐

 At the time of transfer, the weight of the beam can causes immediate superposition of moment at the midspan.

1. Calculate the concrete stresses at the midspan and end section of the beam at the time of
Solution: transfer(Initial prestress + self-weight)

Top Fiber

𝒇𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝟐. 𝟓𝟏 𝑴𝑷𝒂 − 𝑻𝒐𝒑

𝒇𝒎𝒂𝒙 = −𝟏𝟓. 𝟐𝟗 𝑴𝑷𝒂 − 𝑩𝒐𝒕𝒕𝒐𝒎

Bottom Fiber
Stress Diagram for beam end span

−𝟔. 𝟑𝟗 𝟖. 𝟗𝟎 −𝟑. 𝟏𝟒

𝒇𝒎𝒂𝒙 = −𝟎. 𝟔𝟑 − 𝑻𝒐𝒑

𝒇𝒎𝒂𝒙 = −𝟏𝟐. 𝟏𝟓𝑴𝑷𝒂 − 𝑩𝒐𝒕𝒕𝒐𝒎

−𝟔. 𝟑𝟗 −𝟖. 𝟗𝟎 +𝟑. 𝟏𝟒

Stress Diagram for beam Mid-Span
 Top fiber of the beam is under compression (-0.63 MPa) and bottom fiber is under compression (-12.15 MPa) at mid span section due
to initial prestressing force of 703 kN and immediate superposition of moment due to beam self-weight.

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Example 4-01
Solution: 2. Calculate the concrete stresses at the midspan and end section of the beam at
the time of service load is applied (After losses + self-weight + full service loads)

𝑾𝑺𝑾+𝑺𝑰𝑫𝑳+𝑳𝑳 = 𝟐𝟔. 𝟒𝟎 𝒌𝑵/𝒎

Stress for Simply Supported Beam Stress @End Span Stress @Middle Span
Bottom, MPa Top, MPa Bottom, MPa Top, MPa
Prestressing 𝑃 596,000 596,000 596,000 596,000
− − = −𝟓. 𝟒𝟐 − = −𝟓. 𝟒𝟐 − = −𝟓. 𝟒𝟐 − = −𝟓. 𝟒𝟐
Force 𝐴𝑐 110 𝑥 103 110 𝑥 103 110 𝑥 103 110 𝑥 103

Eccentricity of 𝑃𝑒c 596,000 198 300 596,000 198 300 596,000 198 300 596,000 198 300
± − + −
Prestressing 𝐼𝑔 4.69 𝑥109 4.69 𝑥109 4.69 𝑥109 4.69 𝑥109
Force = −𝟕. 𝟓𝟓 = +𝟕. 𝟓𝟓 = −𝟕. 𝟓𝟓 = +𝟕. 𝟓𝟓

External Moment 𝑤𝐿2 0 0 26.4 12,200 2

26.4 12,200 2
𝑐 300 300
𝑀𝑐 8 8 8
± = + −
𝐼𝑔 𝐼𝑔 4.69 𝑥109 4.69 𝑥109
= +𝟑𝟏. 𝟒𝟐 = −𝟑𝟏. 𝟒𝟐

Net Stress 𝒇 −𝟏𝟐. 𝟗𝟕 +𝟐. 𝟏𝟑 +𝟏𝟖. 𝟒𝟓 −𝟐𝟗. 𝟐𝟗

2. Calculate the concrete stresses at the midspan and end section of the beam at the time of
Solution: service load is applied (After losses + self-weight + full service loads)
−𝟓. 𝟒𝟐 +𝟕. 𝟓𝟓

𝒇𝒎𝒂𝒙 = +𝟐. 𝟏𝟑 − 𝑻𝒐𝒑

𝒇𝒎𝒂𝒙 = −𝟏𝟐. 𝟗𝟕 − 𝑩𝒐𝒕𝒕𝒐𝒎

−𝟓. 𝟒𝟐 −𝟕. 𝟓𝟓
Stress Diagram for beam end span
 Because the moment at the end span is zero, Top fiber of the beam is under tension (+2.13 MPa) and bottom fiber is under
compression (-12.97 MPa) due to effective prestressing force of 596 kN
−𝟓. 𝟒𝟐 +𝟕. 𝟓𝟓 −𝟑𝟏. 𝟒𝟐

𝒇𝒎𝒂𝒙 − 𝟐𝟗. 𝟐𝟗 − 𝑻𝒐𝒑

𝒇𝒎𝒂𝒙 = +𝟏𝟖. 𝟒𝟓 − 𝑩𝒐𝒕𝒕𝒐𝒎

−𝟓. 𝟒𝟐 −𝟕. 𝟓𝟓 +𝟑𝟏. 𝟒𝟐

Stress Diagram for beam Mid-Span
 Take note that moment at the bottom of the beam at mid span section under tension (+18.45MPa), meaning the effective
prestressing force is not enough to counter act the stress due to external moment. Increase the prestressing force until such time the
stress at the bottom will be under compression and tension for the top at mid span section.

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Example 4-02
The section of a prestressed hallow core slab is shown in the figure. The slab is simply supported over a span
of 7.5 m and carries a superimposed dead load of 3 kPa and live load of 5 kPa. The total pressing force is
1400 kN at eccentricity of 40 mm.

The properties of the section are as follows;

Cross-sectional Area= 160,000 mm²
Moment of Inertia, 𝑰𝒙 = 𝟑𝟓𝟎 𝒙 𝟏𝟎𝟔 𝒎𝒎𝟒
Unit Weight of Concrete= 23.5 kN/m³

1) Determine the stress at the bottom fibers at L/4 due to dead loads.
2) Determine the stress at the top fibers at mid-span due to total loads.
3) What maximum additional concentrated load can act at mid-span if the maximum allowable tensile stress
in concrete is 3 MPa and the maximum allowable compressive stress is 18 MPa.
𝟏, 𝟐𝟎𝟎 𝒎𝐦

𝟏𝟓𝟎𝒎𝒎
𝒆 = 𝟒𝟎
𝑷 = 𝟏, 𝟒𝟎𝟎 𝒌𝑵

Example 4-02
Solution:
𝒘

𝑳 = 𝟕. 𝟓𝒎 The properties of the section are as follows;

Cross-sectional Area= 160,000 mm²
Moment of Inertia, 𝑰𝒙 = 𝟑𝟓𝟎 𝒙 𝟏𝟎𝟔 𝒎𝒎𝟒
Unit Weight of Concrete= 23.5 kN/m³

1) Determine the stress at the bottom fibers at L/4 due to dead loads.
1
𝑤𝐷𝑊 = 160,000 23.5 = 3.76 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
10002 𝒌𝑵
𝒘𝑫𝑳 = 𝟕. 𝟑𝟔
𝑤𝑆𝐼𝐷𝐿 = 3 1.2 = 3.60 𝑘𝑁/𝑚 𝒎
𝑘𝑁
𝑤𝐷𝐿 = 3.76 + 3.60 = 7.36 − 𝑈𝑛𝑖𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚 𝑑𝑒𝑎𝑑 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑𝑠
𝑚
𝑤𝐷𝐿 𝐿 7.36(7.5) 𝑴𝑳/𝟒
𝑅= = = 27.6 𝑘𝑁
2 2
7.36(1.875)(1.875) 𝐿
𝑀𝐿/4 = 27.60 1.875 − = 1.875𝑚
2 4
𝑴𝑳/𝟒 = 𝟑𝟖. 𝟖𝟏 𝒌𝑵. 𝒎.
𝑹 = 𝟐𝟕. 𝟔 𝒌𝑵

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Example 4-02

1) Determine the stress at the bottom fibers at L/4 due to dead loads.

The properties of the section are as follows;

Cross-sectional Area= 160,000 mm²
Moment of Inertia, 𝑰𝒙 = 𝟑𝟓𝟎 𝒙 𝟏𝟎𝟔 𝒎𝒎𝟒
Unit Weight of Concrete= 23.5 kN/m³

Stress for Simply Supported Beam Stress @ L/4

Bottom, MPa Top, MPa
𝑴𝑳/𝟒 = 𝟑𝟖. 𝟖𝟏 𝒌𝑵. 𝒎. Prestressing 𝑃 1,400,000 1,400,000
− − = −𝟖. 𝟕𝟓 − = −𝟖. 𝟕𝟓
Force 𝐴𝑐 160 𝑥 103 160 𝑥 103
Eccentricity of 𝑃𝑒c 1,400,000 40 75 1,400,000 40 75
± − +
Prestressing 𝐼x 350 𝑥106 350 𝑥106
Force = −𝟏𝟐 = +𝟏𝟐

External Moment 𝑀𝑐 𝑀 𝑐 38.81 𝑥106 75 38.81 𝑥106 75

± = + −
𝐼x 𝐼𝑥 350 𝑥106 350 𝑥106
= +𝟖. 𝟑𝟐 = −𝟖. 𝟑𝟐

Net Stress 𝒇 −𝟏𝟐. 𝟒𝟑 −𝟓. 𝟎𝟕

𝑨𝒏𝒔: −𝟏𝟐. 𝟒𝟑 𝑴𝑷𝒂

Example 4-02
Solution:
2) Determine the stress at the top fibers at mid-span due to total loads.

The properties of the section are as follows;

𝑳 = 𝟕. 𝟓𝒎 Cross-sectional Area= 160,000 mm²
Moment of Inertia, 𝑰𝒙 = 𝟑𝟓𝟎 𝒙 𝟏𝟎𝟔 𝒎𝒎𝟒
Unit Weight of Concrete= 23.5 kN/m³
1
𝑤𝐷𝑊 = 160,000 23.5 = 3.76 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
10002
𝑤𝑆𝐼𝐷𝐿 = 3 1.2 = 3.60 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
𝑘𝑁 2
𝑤𝐷𝐿 = 3.76 + 3.60 = 7.36 13.36 7.5
𝑚 𝑀𝑚𝑎𝑥 = = 93.94 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚.
𝑤𝐿𝐿 = 5 1.2 = 6 𝑘𝑁/𝑚 8

𝑘𝑁
𝑤 = 7.36 + 6 = 13.36 − 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑴𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝟗𝟑. 𝟗𝟒 𝒌𝑵. 𝒎.
𝑚

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Example 4-02

2) Determine the stress at the top fibers at mid-span due to total loads.
𝑴𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝟗𝟑. 𝟗𝟒 𝒌𝑵. 𝒎.

The properties of the section are as follows;

Cross-sectional Area= 160,000 mm²
Moment of Inertia, 𝑰𝒙 = 𝟑𝟓𝟎 𝒙 𝟏𝟎𝟔 𝒎𝒎𝟒
Unit Weight of Concrete= 23.5 kN/m³

Stress for Simply Supported Beam Stress @ Mid Span Section

Bottom, MPa Top, MPa
Prestressing Force 𝑃 1,400,000 1,400,000
− − = −𝟖. 𝟕𝟓 − = −𝟖. 𝟕𝟓
𝐴𝑐 160 𝑥 103 160 𝑥 103
Eccentricity of 𝑃𝑒c 1,400,000 40 75 1,400,000 40 75
± − = −𝟏𝟐 + = +𝟏𝟐
Prestressing Force 𝐼x 350 𝑥106 350 𝑥106

External Moment 𝑀𝑐 𝑀 𝑐 93.94 𝑥106 75 93.94 𝑥106 75

± = + = +𝟐𝟎. 𝟏𝟑 − = −𝟐𝟎. 𝟏𝟑
𝐼x 𝐼𝑥 350 𝑥106 350 𝑥106

Net Stress 𝒇 −𝟎. 𝟔𝟐 −𝟏𝟔. 𝟖𝟖

𝑨𝒏𝒔: −𝟏𝟔. 𝟖𝟖 𝑴𝑷𝒂

Example 4-02
Solution:
3) What maximum concentrated load can act at mid-span if the maximum allowable tensile stress in
concrete is 3 MPa and the maximum allowable compressive stress is 18 MPa.
𝒘
𝒇 = −𝟏𝟖 𝑴𝑷𝒂
−𝟏𝟖 = −𝟖. 𝟕𝟓 + 𝟏𝟐 − 𝒇𝒃,𝒄
𝒇𝒃,𝒄 = 𝟐𝟏. 𝟐𝟓 𝑴𝑷𝒂
𝑴(𝟕𝟓)
𝑳 = 𝟕. 𝟓𝒎 𝒇𝒃,𝒄 = 𝟐𝟏. 𝟐𝟓 =
𝟑𝟓𝟎, 𝟎𝟎𝟎, 𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝑴 = 𝟗𝟗. 𝟏𝟕 𝒌𝑵. 𝒎.
 Check at the Top of mid section 𝟏𝟑. 𝟑𝟔 𝟕. 𝟓² 𝟕. 𝟓𝑷
𝟗𝟗. 𝟏𝟕 = +
𝟖 𝟒
𝑷 = 𝟐. 𝟕𝟗 𝒌𝑵
𝒇 = +𝟑𝑴𝑷𝒂
−𝟖. 𝟕𝟓 +𝟏𝟐 −𝒇𝒃,𝒄
𝒇 = −𝟏𝟖 𝑴𝑷𝒂 𝒇 = +𝟑 𝑴𝑷𝒂
+𝟑 = −𝟖. 𝟕𝟓 + 𝟏𝟐 − 𝒇𝒃,𝒄
𝒇𝒃,𝒄 = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟓 𝑴𝑷𝒂
𝑴(𝟕𝟓)
𝒇𝒃,𝒄 = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟓 =
𝟑𝟓𝟎, 𝟎𝟎𝟎, 𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝑴 = 𝟏. 𝟏𝟕 𝒌𝑵. 𝒎.
𝟏𝟑. 𝟑𝟔 𝟕. 𝟓² 𝟕. 𝟓𝑷
𝟏. 𝟏𝟕 = +
𝟖 𝟒
𝑷 = −𝟒𝟗. 𝟒𝟖 𝒌𝑵 − 𝒏𝒐𝒕 𝒐𝒌!
−𝟖. 𝟕𝟓 −𝟏𝟐 +𝒇𝒃,𝑻

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Example 4-02
Solution:
3) What maximum concentrated load can act at mid-span if the maximum allowable tensile stress in
concrete is 3 MPa and the maximum allowable compressive stress is 18 MPa.
𝒘
𝒇 = −𝟏𝟖 𝑴𝑷𝒂
−𝟏𝟖 = −𝟖. 𝟕𝟓 − 𝟏𝟐 + 𝒇𝒃,𝑻
𝒇𝒃,𝑻 = 𝟐. 𝟕𝟓 𝑴𝑷𝒂
𝑴(𝟕𝟓)
𝑳 = 𝟕. 𝟓𝒎 𝟐. 𝟕𝟓 =
𝟑𝟓𝟎, 𝟎𝟎𝟎, 𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝑴 = 𝟐. 𝟕𝟓𝒌𝑵. 𝒎.
 Check at the bottom of mid section 𝟏𝟑. 𝟑𝟔 𝟕. 𝟓² 𝟕. 𝟓𝑷
𝟐. 𝟕𝟓 = +
𝟖 𝟒
−𝟖. 𝟕𝟓 +𝟏𝟐 −𝒇𝒃,𝒄 𝑷 = −𝟒𝟖. 𝟔𝟑 𝒌𝑵, 𝒏𝒐𝒕 𝒐𝒌!

𝒇 = +𝟑 𝑴𝑷𝒂
+𝟑 = −𝟖. 𝟕𝟓 − 𝟏𝟐 + 𝒇𝒃,𝑻
𝒇𝒃,𝑻 = 𝟐𝟑. 𝟕𝟓𝑴𝑷𝒂
𝑴(𝟕𝟓)
𝟐𝟑. 𝟕𝟓 =
𝟑𝟓𝟎, 𝟎𝟎𝟎, 𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝑴 = 𝟏𝟏𝟎. 𝟖𝟑 𝒌𝑵. 𝒎.
𝒇 = +𝟑𝑴𝑷𝒂
𝟏𝟑. 𝟑𝟔 𝟕. 𝟓² 𝟕. 𝟓𝑷
𝟏𝟏𝟎. 𝟖𝟑 = +
−𝟖. 𝟕𝟓 −𝟏𝟐 +𝒇𝒃,𝑻 𝒇 = −𝟏𝟖 𝑴𝑷𝒂 𝟖 𝟒
𝑷 = 𝟗 𝒌𝑵

Example 4-02
Solution:
3) What maximum concentrated load can act at mid-span if the maximum allowable tensile stress in
concrete is 3 MPa and the maximum allowable compressive stress is 18 MPa.

𝑷 = 𝟐. 𝟕𝟗 𝒌𝑵, 𝑨𝒏𝒔.

𝒘 = 𝟏𝟑. 𝟑𝟔 𝒌𝑵/𝒎

𝑳 = 𝟕. 𝟓𝒎

−𝟖. 𝟕𝟓 +𝟏𝟐 −𝒇𝒃,𝒄

𝒇 = −𝟏𝟖 𝑴𝑷𝒂
𝒇 = +𝟑𝑴𝑷𝒂

−𝟖. 𝟕𝟓 −𝟏𝟐 +𝒇𝒃,𝑻

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PRESTRESSED DESIGN USING NSCP 2015

𝒇𝒑𝑠 − stress in prestressing steel at nominal flexural strength, MPa (420.3.2.3, 420.3.2.4)
𝒇𝒑𝑢 − specified tensile strength of prestressing reinforcement, MPa (420.3.2.5)
𝒇𝑝𝑦 − specified yield strength of prestressing reinforcement, MPa.
𝒇𝑠𝑒 − effective tensile stress in prestressed reinforcement (after allowance for all prestress losses), MPa.

 4.5 Stress in Bonded Prestressed Reinforcement at nominal flexural strength (𝒇𝒑𝒔)

 Section 420.3.2.3.1 (NSCP- 2015): As an alternative to a more accurate calculation of 𝒇𝒑𝒔 based on
strain compatibility, values of fps calculated in accordance with Eq. 420.3.2.3.1 shall be permitted for
members with bonded prestressed reinforcement if all prestressed reinforcement is in the tension zone
and 𝒇𝒔𝒆 ≥ 𝟎. 𝟓𝒇𝒑𝒖.

𝜸𝒑 𝒇𝒑𝒖 𝒅 𝒇𝒚
𝒇𝒑𝒔 = 𝒇𝒑𝑢 1 − 𝝆 + 𝝆 − 𝝆′ — Eq. 420.3.2.3.1
𝜷1 𝒑 𝒇′𝒄 𝒅𝒑 𝒇′𝒄

— If compression reinforcement is considered for the calculation of 𝒇𝒑𝒔 by Eq. 420.3.2.3.1, (a) and (b) shall
be satisfied.

a. If 𝒅′ exceeds 𝟎. 𝟏𝟓𝒅𝒑, the compression reinforcement shall be neglected in Eq. 420.3.2.3.1.

b. If compression reinforcement is included in Eq. 420.3.2.3.1, the term

𝒇𝒑𝒖 𝒅 𝒇𝒚
𝝆𝒑 + 𝝆 − 𝝆′ ≥ 𝟎. 𝟏𝟕
𝒇′𝒄 𝒅𝒑 𝒇′𝒄

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 4.5 Stress in Bonded Prestressed Reinforcement at nominal flexural strength (𝒇𝒑𝒔)

Where:

𝒇𝒑𝑠 − stress in prestressing steel at nominal flexural strength, MPa.

𝒇𝒑𝑢 − specified tensile strength of prestressing reinforcement, MPa.
𝜸𝒑 − factor for type of prestressing reinforcement ( see Table 420.3.2.3.1)
𝜷1 − factor relating depth of equivalent rectangular compressive stress block to depth of neutral axis (Table 422.2.2.4.3)
𝒇′𝒄 − Concrete compressive strength, MPa
𝒅𝒑 − distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of prestressed reinforcement, mm
𝒅 − distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of non-prestressed reinforcement, mm
𝝆′ − ratio of compression reinforcement, 𝑨′𝒔 to 𝒃𝒅.

 4.5 Stress in Bonded Prestressed Reinforcement at nominal flexural strength (𝒇𝒑𝒔)

Table 420.3.2.3.1
Values of 𝜸𝒑 for Use in Equation (Sect. 420.3.2.3.1)
𝒇𝒑𝒚 𝒇𝒑𝒖 𝜸𝒑
≥ 0.80 0.55
≥ 0.85 0.40
≥ 0.90 0.28

Table 422.2.2.4.3
Values of 𝜷𝟏 for Equivalent Rectangular Concrete Stress
Distribution
𝒇′𝒄 , MPa 𝜷𝟏
𝟏𝟕 ≤ 𝒇′𝒄 ≤ 𝟐𝟖 0.85 (a)
𝟎. 𝟎𝟓 𝒇′𝒄 − 𝟐𝟖
𝟐𝟖 < 𝒇′𝒄 < 𝟓𝟓 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓 − (b)
𝟕
𝒇′𝒄 ≥ 𝟓𝟓 0.65 (c)

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 4.6 Stress in Un-bonded Prestressed Reinforcement at nominal flexural strength (𝒇𝒑𝒔 )

 Section 420.3.2.4.1 (NSCP- 2015): As an alternative to a more accurate calculation of 𝒇𝒑𝒔, values o𝒇𝒑𝒔
calculated in accordance with Table 420.3.2.4.1 shall be permitted for members prestressed with
unbonded tendons if 𝒇𝒔𝒆 ≥ 𝟎. 𝟓𝒇𝒑𝒖.

Table 420.3.2.4.1
Approximate Values of 𝒇𝒑𝒔 at Nominal Flexural Strength for
Unbonded Tendons
𝓵𝒏 𝒉 𝒇𝒑𝒔
𝒇𝒔𝒆 + 𝟕𝟎 + 𝒇′𝒄 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝝆𝝆
The least
≤ 35 of:
𝒇𝒔𝒆 + 𝟒𝟐𝟎
𝒇𝒑𝒚
𝒇𝒔𝒆 + 𝟕𝟎 + 𝒇′𝒄 𝟑𝟎𝟎𝝆𝝆
The least
˃ 35 of
𝒇𝒔𝒆 + 𝟐𝟏𝟎
Where: 𝒇𝒑𝒚

𝒇𝑠𝑒 − effective tensile stress in prestressed reinforcement (after allowance for all prestress losses), MPa.

𝒇𝑝𝑦 − specified yield strength of prestressing reinforcement, MPa.

𝝆𝒑 − ratio of prestressed reinforcement, 𝑨𝒑𝒔 to 𝒃𝒅𝒑.
𝑨𝒑𝒔
𝝆𝒑 =
𝒃𝒅𝒑

 4.7 Permissible Tensile Stresses in Prestressed Reinforcement (𝒇𝒑𝑢 )

Section 420.3.2.5.1 (NSCP- 2015): The tensile stress in prestressed reinforcement shall not exceed
the limits in Table 420.3.2.5.1.
Table 420.3.2.5.1
Maximum Permissible Tensile Stresses in Prestressed
Reinforcement
Stage Location Maximum tensile stress
𝟎. 𝟗𝟒𝒇𝒑𝒚
𝟎. 𝟖𝟎𝒇𝒑𝒖
During stressing At jacking end Least of: Maximum jacking force
recommended by the supplier
of anchorage device

At post-tensioning
Immediately after force
anchorage devices and 𝟎. 𝟕𝟎𝒇𝒑𝒖
transfer
couplers

Where:

𝒇𝑝𝑦 − specified yield strength of prestressing reinforcement, MPa.

𝒇𝒑𝑢 − specified tensile strength of prestressing reinforcement, MPa.

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 4.7 Permissible Tensile Stresses in Prestressed Reinforcement (𝒇𝒑𝑢 )

 Tensile strength, 𝒇𝒑𝑢 , shall be based on the specified grade or type of prestressing reinforcement and
shall not exceed the values given in Table 420.3.2.2.

Table 420.3.2.2 Prestressing Strands, Wires, and Bars

Maximum value of 𝒇𝒑𝒖

Type permitted for design Applicable ASTM Specification
calculations, MPa
Strand (stress-relieved and low-relaxation) 1860 A416M
A421M
Wire (stress-relieved and A421M
1725
low-relaxation) Including Supplementary Requirement S1
“Low-Relaxation Wire and Relaxation Testing”
High-strength bar 1035 A422M

 4.8 Prestress Losses

 Section 420.3.2.6.1 (NSCP- 2015): Prestress losses shall be considered in the calculation
of the effective tensile stress in the prestressed reinforcement, 𝒇𝒔𝒆 , and shall include (a)
through (f):

a) Prestressed reinforcement seating at transfer

b) Elastic shortening of concrete
c) Creep of concrete
d) Shrinkage of concrete
e) Relaxation of prestressed reinforcement
f) Friction loss due to intended or unintended curvature in post-
tensioning tendons.

 Where loss of prestress in a member is anticipated due to connection of the member to

adjoining construction, such loss of prestress shall be included in design calculations.

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 4.9 STRENGTH REDUCTION FACTORS, ∅

— For deformed reinforcement, 𝜺𝒕𝒚 shall be 𝒇𝒚 𝑬𝒔 . For Grade 280 deformed reinforcement, it
shall be permitted to take 𝜺𝒕𝒚 equal to 0.002.

𝒇𝒀
𝜺𝒕𝒚 = − 𝐷𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑒𝑑 𝐵𝑎𝑟𝑠
𝑬𝒔
𝜺𝒕𝒚 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟐 − 𝐺𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑒 280 𝐵𝑎𝑟𝑠

— For all prestressed reinforcement, 𝜺𝒕𝒚 shall be taken as 0.002.

Table 421.2.2
Strength Reduction Factor,𝝓, for Moment, Axial Force, or Combined
Moment and Axial Force

𝝓
Net tensile stain, 𝜺𝒕 Classification Type of transverse reinforcement
Spirals conforming to Sect. 425.7.3 Other
Compression
𝜺𝒕 ≤ 𝜺𝒕𝒚 0.75 (a) 0.65 (b)
controlled
𝜀𝑡 − 𝜀𝑡𝑦 𝜀𝑡 − 𝜀𝑡𝑦
𝜺𝒕𝒚 < 𝜺𝒕 < 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟓 Transition [1] 0.75 + 0.15 (c) 0.65 + 0.25 (d)
0.005 − 𝜀𝑡𝑦 0.005 − 𝜀𝑡𝑦
Tension
𝜺𝒕 ≥ 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟓 0.90 (e) 0.90 (f)
controlled
[1]
For sections classified as transition, it shall be permitted to use 𝝓 corresponding to compression -controlled sections.

 4.9 STRENGTH REDUCTION FACTORS, ∅

 To ensure that prestressed concrete beams shall have a ductile response to failure an upper limit is placed on the
tensile steel ratio. Limits for reinforcement indices are as follows.

 For compression control;  For Transition  For Tension control;

𝜺𝒕 = 𝜺𝒚 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟐 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟐 < 𝜺𝒕 < 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟓 𝜺𝒕 ≥ 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟓
𝒄 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟑 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟑 𝒄 𝒄 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟑 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟑
= = = 𝟎. 𝟔𝟎 𝟎. 𝟔𝟎 > > 𝟎. 𝟑𝟕𝟓 = = = 𝟎. 𝟑𝟕𝟓
𝒅𝒕 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟑 + 𝜺𝒕 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟑 + 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟐 𝒅𝒕 𝒅𝒕 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟑 + 𝜺𝒕 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟑 + 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟓
𝒄 𝒄
≥ 𝟎. 𝟔𝟎 ≤ 𝟎. 𝟑𝟕𝟓
𝒅𝒕 𝟎. 𝟔𝟓 < ∅ < 𝟎. 𝟗𝟎 𝒅𝒕
∅ = 𝟎. 𝟔𝟓 ∅ = 𝟎. 𝟗𝟎

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 PROCEDURE FOR DETERMINING THE NOMINAL AND ULTIMATE MOMENT USING NSCP 2015 CODE

 CASE 1- BONDED TENDONS (TENSION ONLY)

1) Solve 0.50𝑓𝑝𝑢 (50% of specified tensile strength of prestressing reinforcement)

2) Check the location of bonded prestressed reinforcement
3) If 𝒇𝒔𝒆 ≥ 𝟎. 𝟓𝒇𝒑𝒖, then solve 𝜸𝒑 using Table 420.3.2.3.1
4) Solve value of 𝜷𝟏for equivalent rectangular concrete stress distribution using Table 422.2.2.4.3
5) Solve prestressing steel ratio, 𝝆𝒑
6) Solve compression steel ratio, 𝝆′
7) Solve tension steel ratio, 𝝆
8) Solve for stress in prestressing steel at nominal flexural strength, 𝒇𝒑𝒔

𝜸𝒑 𝒇𝒑𝒖 𝒅 𝒇𝒚
𝒇𝒑𝒔 = 𝒇𝒑𝑢 1 − 𝝆 + 𝝆 − 𝝆′
𝜷1 𝒑 𝒇′𝒄 𝒅𝒑 𝒇′𝒄

9) Compute the equivalent depth of the rectangular stress block, 𝒂

10)Compute the nominal moment, 𝑴𝒏;

 PROCEDURE FOR DETERMINING THE NOMINAL AND ULTIMATE MOMENT USING NSCP 2015 CODE

 CASE 1- BONDED TENDONS (TENSION ONLY)

11) Determine the strength reduction factor, ∅

12) Compute the ultimate moment capacity of prestress beam

𝑴𝒖 ≤ ∅𝑴𝒏

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Example 4-03

A prestressed I-beam is pretensioned with tendons having 𝐟𝐩𝐮 = 𝟏, 𝟕𝟐𝟓 𝐌𝐏𝐚 and a yield strength of
𝐟𝐩𝐲 = 𝟏, 𝟓𝟕𝟓 𝐌𝐏𝐚 . The bonded tendons carry an effective tensile stress of 𝐟𝒔𝒆 = 𝟗𝟒𝟎 𝐌𝐏𝐚. Concrete
strength is 42 MPa. Determine the nominal and ultimate moment capacity of the beam

𝟓𝟐𝟓 𝒎𝒎 𝒕𝒇 = 𝟏𝟔𝟎 𝒎𝒎

𝟐𝟎𝟎𝒎𝒎

𝟖𝟓𝟎𝒎𝒎
𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎𝒎𝒎 𝒕𝒘 = 𝟐𝟕𝟓𝒎𝒎
𝑨𝑷 = 𝟑, 𝟓𝟎𝟎 𝒎𝒎𝟐

 PROCEDURE FOR DETERMINING THE NOMINAL AND ULTIMATE MOMENT USING NSCP 2015 CODE

 Solution:
1) Solve 0.50𝑓𝑝𝑢 (50% of specified tensile strength of prestressing
reinforcement)
𝑮𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒏:
𝟎. 𝟓𝟎 ∗ 𝒇𝒑𝒖 = 𝟎. 𝟓𝟎 𝟏, 𝟕𝟐𝟓 = 𝟖𝟔𝟐. 𝟓𝟎 𝑴𝑷𝒂

2) Check the location of bonded prestressed reinforcement

The location of prestressing tendons at tension side

3) If 𝒇𝒔𝒆 ≥ 𝟎. 𝟓𝒇𝒑𝒖 , then solve 𝜸𝒑 using Table 420.3.2.3.1

𝑓𝑠𝑒 ≥ 0.5𝑓𝑝𝑢
940 𝑀𝑃𝑎 ≥ 862.50 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝑓𝑝𝑢 = 1,725 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝟗𝟒𝟎 𝑴𝑷𝒂 > 𝟖𝟔𝟐. 𝟓𝟎 𝑴𝑷𝒂, 𝒐𝒌!
𝑓𝑝𝑦 = 1,575 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝑓𝑠𝑒 = 940 𝑀𝑃𝑎 → Solve for 𝜸𝒑 using Table 420.3.2.3.1

𝑓′𝑐 = 42 𝑀𝑃𝑎 𝑓𝑝𝑦 1,575

= = 0.913 ≅ 0.90
𝑓𝑝𝑢 1,725
𝜸 = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟖

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 PROCEDURE FOR DETERMINING THE NOMINAL AND ULTIMATE MOMENT USING NSCP 2015 CODE

 Solution: 4) Solve value of 𝜷𝟏for equivalent rectangular concrete stress

distribution using Table 422.2.2.4.3

𝑮𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒏: 𝟐𝟖 < 𝒇′𝒄= 𝟒𝟐 𝑴𝑷𝒂 < 𝟓𝟓

0.05 𝑓𝑐′ −28

Use, 𝛽1 = 0.85
7

0.05 42 − 28
𝛽1 = 0.85 − = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟓
7

5) Solve prestressing steel ratio, 𝝆𝒑

𝑨𝒑𝒔
𝝆𝒑 =
𝒃𝒅𝒑
3,500
𝑓𝑝𝑢 = 1,725 𝑀𝑃𝑎 𝜌𝑝 = = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟕𝟖𝟒
525(850)
𝑓𝑝𝑦 = 1,575 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝑓𝑠𝑒 = 940 𝑀𝑃𝑎 6) Solve compression steel ratio, 𝝆′- No compression steel
𝑓′𝑐 = 42 𝑀𝑃𝑎 7) Solve tension steel ratio, 𝝆- No additional tension steel

 PROCEDURE FOR DETERMINING THE NOMINAL AND ULTIMATE MOMENT USING NSCP 2015 CODE

 Solution:

8) Solve for stress in prestressing steel at nominal flexural

strength, 𝒇𝒑𝒔

𝜸𝒑 𝒇𝒑𝒖 𝒅 𝒇𝒚
𝒇𝒑𝒔 = 𝒇𝒑𝑢 1 − 𝝆 + 𝝆 − 𝝆′
𝜷1 𝒑 𝒇′𝒄 𝒅𝒑 𝒇′𝒄

0.28 1,725
𝒇𝒑𝒔 = 1,725 1 − 0.00784 +0
0.75 42

𝒇𝒑𝒔 = 𝟏, 𝟓𝟏𝟕. 𝟔𝟑 𝑴𝑷𝒂

200 − 160
𝑡𝑓,𝑎𝑣𝑒 = 160 + = 180 𝑚𝑚
9) Compute the equivalent depth of the rectangular stress 2
block, 𝒂 𝐴𝑝 𝑓𝑝𝑠 3,500 1,517.63
𝑎= = = 283.40 𝑚𝑚 > 𝑡𝑓,𝑎𝑣𝑒
0.85𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝑏𝑓 0.85(42)(525)
𝑻 = 𝑪 − Try 𝑎 < 𝑡𝑓,𝑎𝑣𝑒
200 − 𝑡𝑓
𝑡𝑓,𝑎𝑣𝑒 = 𝑡𝑓 + Depth of stress block is located at the web of the beam.
2

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 PROCEDURE FOR DETERMINING THE NOMINAL AND ULTIMATE MOMENT USING NSCP 2015 CODE

 Solution: − 𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝒂 > 𝒕𝒇 ( 𝐼 𝑜𝑟 𝑇 𝐵𝑒𝑎𝑚𝑠)

= 𝟏𝟖𝟎𝒎𝒎 𝟏 𝟏 𝑪𝟏
𝟐 𝒂 𝑪𝟐

− 𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝐹𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 1 : − 𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑊𝑒𝑏 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 2 :

𝐶1 = 𝑇1 𝐴𝑝𝑠,𝑤 = 𝐴𝑝𝑠 − 𝐴𝑝𝑠,𝑓 = 3,500 = 1,058.56 = 2,441.44 𝑚𝑚 2
0.85 42 180 525 − 275 = 𝐴𝑝𝑠,𝑓 1,517.63
𝐶2 = 𝑇2
𝐴𝑝𝑠,𝑓 = 1,058.56 𝑚𝑚 2
0.85 42 𝑎 275 = 2,441.44 1,517.63
𝑎 = 377.41 𝑚𝑚

 PROCEDURE FOR DETERMINING THE NOMINAL AND ULTIMATE MOMENT USING NSCP 2015 CODE

 Solution:

10) Compute the nominal moment, 𝑴𝒏 ;

𝑀𝑛 = 𝑀𝑛1 + 𝑀𝑛2

𝑡𝑓,𝑎𝑣𝑒 𝑎
𝑀𝑛 = 𝐶1 𝑑𝑝 − + 𝐶2 𝑑𝑝 −
2 2
180 377.41
𝑀𝑛 = 0.85(42)(180)(525 − 275) 850 − + 0.85(42)(377.41)(275) 850 −
2 2
𝑴𝒏 = 𝟑, 𝟔𝟕𝟏. 𝟏𝟗 𝒌𝑵. 𝒎.

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 PROCEDURE FOR DETERMINING THE NOMINAL AND ULTIMATE MOMENT USING NSCP 2015 CODE

 Solution:

11) Determine the strength reduction factor, ∅

𝑎 = 377.41 𝑚𝑚
𝛽1 = 0.75
𝑎 377.41
𝑐= = = 503.21 𝑚𝑚
𝛽1 0.75
𝑐 503.21
= = 0.592
𝑑𝑝 850

𝑐
= 0.592
𝑑𝑝
𝑐
0.60 > > 0.375 −Transition
𝑑𝑝

1 5 1 5
∅ = 0.65 + 0.25 − = 0.65 + 0.25 − = 0.66
𝑐 3 0.592 3
𝑑𝑡
∅ = 𝟎. 𝟔𝟔
12) Compute the ultimate moment capacity of prestress beam
∅𝑴𝒏 = 𝟎. 𝟔𝟔 𝟑, 𝟔𝟕𝟏. 𝟏𝟗 = 𝟐, 𝟒𝟐𝟐. 𝟗𝟗 𝒌𝑵. 𝒎.

 PROCEDURE FOR DETERMINING THE NOMINAL AND ULTIMATE MOMENT USING NSCP 2015 CODE

 CASE 2- UNBONDED TENDONS (TENSION ONLY)

1) Solve 0.50𝑓𝑝𝑢 (50% of specified tensile strength of prestressing reinforcement)

2) Check the location of bonded prestressed reinforcement
3) If 𝒇𝒔𝒆 ≥ 𝟎. 𝟓𝒇𝒑𝒖, then solve 𝓵𝒏 𝒉 to Table 420.3.2.4.1
4) Solve prestressing steel ratio, 𝝆𝒑
5) Solve for stress in prestressing steel at nominal flexural strength, 𝒇𝒑𝒔

6) Compute the equivalent depth of the rectangular stress block, 𝒂

7) Compute the nominal moment, 𝑴𝒏

8) Determine the strength reduction factor, ∅
9) Compute the ultimate moment capacity of prestress beam,∅𝑴𝒏

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Example 4-04
A prestressed beam has a cross-section of 250 mm x 500 mm and has a simple span of 6 meters.

The tendons are placed 70 mm above the bottom of the beam. The wire use are stress relived tendons
with fpu= 1,350 MPa and fse= 760 MPa, fc’=35 MPa. The prestressed beam is not to be grouted
after the application of the prestressed. Aps= 1000 mm². fpy= 1,160 MPa

1. Compute the stress in prestressed reinforcement at nominal length

2. Compute the ultimate moment capacity of the prestressed beam
3. Compute the safe live load that the prestressed beam could carry, Yc= 24 kN/m³
𝟐𝟓𝟎 𝒎𝒎

𝟒𝟑𝟎 𝒎𝒎

Solution to Example 4-04

Given: 1) Solve 0.50𝑓𝑝𝑢 (50% of specified tensile strength of prestressing

𝟐𝟓𝟎 𝒎𝒎 reinforcement)

0.50𝒇𝒑𝒖 = 𝟎. 𝟓𝟎 𝟏, 𝟑𝟓𝟎 = 𝟔𝟕𝟓 𝑴𝑷𝒂

2) Check the location of bonded prestressed reinforcement

𝟒𝟑𝟎 𝒎𝒎
tendons are placed 70 mm above the bottom of the beam- Tension Only

3) If 𝒇𝒔𝒆 ≥ 𝟎. 𝟓𝒇𝒑𝒖 , then solve 𝓵𝒏 𝒉 to Table 420.3.2.4.1

𝒇𝒔𝒆 ≥ 𝟎. 𝟓𝒇𝒑𝒖
𝒇𝒑𝒖 = 𝟏, 𝟑𝟓𝟎 𝑴𝑷𝒂 𝟕𝟔𝟎 > 𝟔𝟕𝟓𝑴𝑷𝒂, 𝒐𝒌!

𝒇𝒔𝒆 = 𝟕𝟔𝟎 𝑴𝑷𝒂 → Tendons is ungrouted ( unbonded) use Table 420.3.2.4.1

𝒇′𝒄 = 𝟑𝟓 𝑴𝑷𝒂 𝟔𝟎𝟎𝟎

𝓵𝒏 𝒉 = = 𝟏𝟐
𝟓𝟎𝟎
𝑨𝒑 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎𝒎𝒎𝟐 𝓵𝒏 𝒉 = 𝟏𝟐 < 𝟑𝟓
Yc= 24 kN/m³ 4) Solve prestressing steel ratio, 𝝆𝒑
𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝝆𝒑 = = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟗𝟑
𝟐𝟓𝟎(𝟒𝟑𝟎)

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Solution to Example 4-04

5) Solve for stress in prestressing steel at nominal flexural strength, 𝒇𝒑𝒔

𝓵𝒏 𝒉 = 𝟏𝟐 < 𝟑𝟓
𝝆𝒑 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟗𝟑
𝒇𝒔𝒆 = 𝟕𝟔𝟎 𝑴𝑷𝒂
𝒇𝒑𝒚 = 𝟏, 𝟏𝟔𝟎 𝑴𝑷𝒂
𝒇′𝒄 = 𝟑𝟓 𝑴𝑷𝒂 𝒇′𝒄
𝒇𝒑𝒔 = 𝒇𝒔𝒆 + 𝟕𝟎 +
𝟏𝟎𝟎𝝆𝒑
𝟑𝟓
𝒇𝒑𝒔 = 𝟕𝟔𝟎 + 𝟕𝟎 + = 𝟖𝟔𝟕. 𝟔𝟑 𝑴𝑷𝒂 − 𝑪𝒐𝒏𝒕𝒓𝒐𝒍𝒔
𝟏𝟎𝟎(𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟗𝟑)

𝒇𝒑𝒔 = 𝒇𝒔𝒆 + 𝟒𝟐𝟎

𝒇𝒑𝒔 = 𝟕𝟔𝟎 + 𝟒𝟐𝟎 = 𝟏, 𝟏𝟖𝟎 𝑴𝑷𝒂

𝒇𝒑𝒔 = 𝒇𝒑𝒚 = 𝟏, 𝟏𝟔𝟎 𝑴𝑷𝒂

𝒇𝒑𝒔 = 𝟖𝟔𝟕. 𝟔𝟑 𝑴𝑷𝒂 − 𝑨𝒏𝒔. 𝟏

Solution to Example 4-04

→ Solve, 𝛽1 ;
𝒇′𝒄 = 𝟑𝟓 𝑴𝑷𝒂 > 𝟐𝟖 𝑴𝑷𝒂

𝟎. 𝟎𝟓(𝒇′ 𝒄 − 𝟐𝟖)
𝜷𝟏 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓 −
𝟕
𝟎. 𝟎𝟓 𝟑𝟓 − 𝟐𝟖
𝜷𝟏 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓 − = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟎
𝟕

6) Compute the equivalent depth of the rectangular stress block, 𝒂

𝟐𝟓𝟎 𝒎𝒎
0.85 35 𝑎 250 = 867.63(1000)
𝒂 = 𝟏𝟏𝟔. 𝟔𝟔 𝒎𝒎
𝑪
𝟒𝟑𝟎 𝒎𝒎 7) Compute the nominal moment, 𝑴𝒏 ;
𝑎 116.66
𝑀𝑛 = 𝐶 𝑑𝑝 − = 0.85(35)(250)(116.66)(430 − )
2 2
𝑻 𝑴𝒏 = 𝟑𝟐𝟐. 𝟒𝟖 𝒌𝑵. 𝒎.

𝑪=𝑻
𝟎. 𝟖𝟓𝒇′𝒄𝒂𝒃 = 𝒇𝒑𝒔 𝑨𝒑𝒔

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 PROCEDURE FOR DETERMINING THE NOMINAL AND ULTIMATE MOMENT USING NSCP 2015 CODE

 Solution:
8) Determine the strength reduction factor, ∅
𝑎 = 116.66 𝑚𝑚
𝛽1 = 0.80
𝑎 116.66
𝑐= = = 145.83 𝑚𝑚
𝛽1 0.80

𝑐 145.83
= = 0.34
𝑑𝑝 430

𝑐
= 0.34 < 0.375
𝑑𝑝

𝑐
> 0.375 −Tension Controls
𝑑𝑝

∅ = 𝟎. 𝟗𝟎

9) Compute the ultimate moment capacity of prestress beam

∅𝑴𝒏 = 𝟎. 𝟗𝟎 𝟑𝟐𝟐. 𝟒𝟖 = 𝟐𝟗𝟎. 𝟐𝟑 𝒌𝑵

∅𝑴𝒏 = 𝟐𝟗𝟎. 𝟐𝟑 𝒌𝑵 − 𝑨𝒏𝒔. 𝟐

 PROCEDURE FOR DETERMINING THE NOMINAL AND ULTIMATE MOMENT USING NSCP 2015 CODE

 Solution:

Compute the safe live load that the prestressed beam could carry, Yc= 24 kN/m³

∅𝑴𝒏 = 𝟐𝟗𝟎. 𝟐𝟑 𝒌𝑵

∅𝑴𝒏 = 𝟏. 𝟐𝑴𝑫 + 𝟏. 𝟔𝑴𝑳

𝒘𝑫 𝑳 𝟐 𝒘𝑳 𝑳 𝟐
∅𝑴𝒏 = 𝟏. 𝟐 + 𝟏. 𝟔
𝟖 𝟖

(𝟐𝟒 ∗. 𝟐𝟓 ∗. 𝟓)(𝟔)𝟐 (𝒘𝑳 )(𝟔)𝟐

𝟐𝟗𝟎. 𝟐𝟑 = 𝟏. 𝟐 + 𝟏. 𝟔
𝟖 𝟖

𝒌𝑵
𝒘𝑳 = 𝟑𝟖. 𝟎𝟔 − 𝑨𝒏𝒔. 𝟑
𝒎

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