CALCULUS II

Unit 4: TRIPLE INTEGRALS

LE THAI THANH ([email protected])

HCMC University of Technology

WEEK 07: from Feb. 20th, 2023 to Feb. 24th, 2023

Triple Integrals
DEFINITION
Let f (x, y , x) be a function defined on the bounded solid V of R3 .
We divide V into n subsolids V1 , V2 , . . . , Vn . Suppose ∆Vk be the
volume of the subsolid Vk where k = 1, 2, . . . , n. Denote λ as a
maximum diameter of these subsolids. In the subsolid Vk we
choose an arbitrary point (xk , yk , zk ). Compute the sum:
n
X
σn = f (xk , yk , zk )∆Vk
k=1

If there exists the limit

I = lim σn
n→∞

such that λ → 0 when n → ∞, then the value I is called the triple

integral of f on V and is denoted by
ZZZ ZZZ
I = f (x, y , z) dV = f (x, y , z) dxdydz
V V
Triple Integrals
Evaluate Triple Integrals
If the solid V is given by
 
 a⩽x ⩽b 
V = (x, y , z) g1 (x) ⩽ y ⩽ g2 (x)
h1 (x, y ) ⩽ z ⩽ h2 (x, y )
 

then
ZZZ Z b Z g2 (x) Z h2 (x,y )
f (x, y , z) dV = f (x, y , z) dz dy dx
V a g1 (x) h( x,y )

Note that by changing the position of x, y , z we have 9 cases for

the above formula.
Triple Integrals
EXAMPLE
ZZZ
Evaluate I = z dV , where V is the solid tetrahedron
V
bounded by the four planes x = 0, y = 0, z = 0, and
x + y + z = 1.

SOLUTION
Triple Integrals
SOLUTION
When we set up a triple integral it’s wise to draw two diagrams:
one of the solid region V (see the left Figure) and one of its
projection D onto the xy -plane (see the right Figure). The lower
boundary of the tetrahedron is the plane z = 0 and the upper
boundary is the plane x + y + z = 1 (or z = 1 − x − y ), so we use
h1 (x, y ) = 0 and h2 (x, y ) = 1 − x − y . Notice that the planes
x + y + z = 1 and z = 0 intersect in the line x + y = 1 (or
y = 1 − x) in the xy -plane. So the projection of V is the triangular
region shown in the right Figure, and we have
 
 0⩽x ⩽1 
V = (x, y , z) 0 ⩽ y ⩽ 1 − x
0⩽z ⩽1−x −y
 
Triple Integrals
SOLUTION
and
Z 1Z 1−x 1−x−y 1 Z 1−x z=1−x−y
z2
Z Z
I = z dzdydx = dydx
0 0 0 0 0 2 z=0
1 Z 1−x 1 y =1−x
(1 − x − y )2 (1 − x − y )3
Z Z
= dydx = − dx
0 0 2 0 6 y =0
1 x=1
(1 − x)3 (1 − x)4
Z
1
= dx = − =
0 6 24 x=0 24
Triple Integrals
EXAMPLE
ZZZ p
Evaluate I = x 2 + z 2 dV , where V is the region
V
bounded by the paraboloid y = x 2 + z 2 and the plane y = 4.

SOLUTION
Triple Integrals
SOLUTION
The Figures show the solid V bounded by the paraboloid
y = x 2 + z 2 on the left and the plane y = 4 on the right, and its
projection D3 onto the xz-plane and D3 is the disk x 2 + z 2 ⩽ 4.
Therefore, we have
ZZZ p Z Z Z 4 p 
I = 2 2
x + z dV = 2 2
x + z dy dA
x 2 +z 2
ZZ V p
D3

= (4 − x 2 − z 2 ) x 2 + z 2 dA
D3
Triple Integrals

SOLUTION
We convert to polar coordinates in the xz-plane: x = r cos θ,
z = r sin θ. This gives
Z 2π Z 2 Z 2π Z 2
I = (4 − r 2 ) r r dr dθ = dθ · (4r 2 − r 4 ) dr
0 0 0 0
r =2
4r 3 r5

128π
= 2π − =
3 5 r =0 15
Applications of Triple Integrals
The Volume of the Solid
Let’s begin with the special case where f (x, y , z) = 1 for all points
in V . Then the triple integral does represent the volume of V :
ZZZ
V = dV
V

EXAMPLE
Use a triple integral to find the volume of the tetrahedron enclosed
by the coordinate planes and the plane 2x + y + z = 4.
Applications of Triple Integrals
Applications of Triple Integrals
Applications of Triple Integrals
Applications of Triple Integrals
Applications in Mechanic
All the applications of double integrals in mechanics can be
immediately extended to triple integrals. For example, if the
density function of a solid object that occupies the region V is
ρ(x, y , z), in units of mass per unit volume, at any given point
(x, y , z), then its mass is
ZZZ
m= ρ(x, y , z)dV
V
Applications of Triple Integrals
Applications in Mechanic
And the coordinates of the center of mass are
ZZZ
1
x= xρ(x, y , z)dV
m V

ZZZ
1
y= y ρ(x, y , z)dV
m V
ZZZ
1
z= zρ(x, y , z)dV
m V
Applications of Triple Integrals
EXAMPLE
Find the center of mass of a solid of constant density that is
bounded by the parabolic cylinder x = y 2 and the planes x = z,
z = 0, and x = 1.

SOLUTION
Applications of Triple Integrals
Applications of Triple Integrals
Applications of Triple Integrals
Applications of Triple Integrals
Applications of Triple Integrals
Triple Integrals in Cylindrical Coordinates
Cylindrical Coordinates
In the cylindrical coordinate
system, a point P in
three-dimensional space is
represented by the ordered
triple (r , θ, z), where r and
θ are polar coordinates of
the projection of P onto the
xy -plane and z is the directed
distance from the xy -plane to
P. (See Figure)
To convert from cylindrical to rectangular coordinates, we use the
equations
x = r cos θ, y = r sin θ, z = z
Triple Integrals in Cylindrical Coordinates
Evaluating Triple Integrals with Cylindrical Coordinates
If the solid V is given by

V = {α ⩽ θ ⩽ β, h1 (θ) ⩽ r ⩽ h2 (θ), u1 (x, y ) ⩽ z ⩽ u2 (x, y )}

Triple Integrals in Cylindrical Coordinates

Evaluating Triple Integrals with Cylindrical Coordinates

ZZZ
then the integral I = f (x, y , z)dV can be evaluated by the
V
formula
Z β Z h2 (θ) Z u2 (r cos θ,r sin θ)
I = f (r cos θ, r sin θ, z)r dzdrdθ
α h1 (θ) u1 (r cos θ,r sin θ)
Triple Integrals in Cylindrical Coordinates
EXAMPLE
A solid V lies within the cylinder x 2 + y 2 = 1, below the plane
z = 4, and above the paraboloid z = 1 − x 2 − y 2 . The density at
any point is proportional to its distance from the z-axis of the
cylinder. Find the mass of V .

SOLUTION
Triple Integrals in Cylindrical Coordinates
Triple Integrals in Cylindrical Coordinates
Triple Integrals in Cylindrical Coordinates
Triple Integrals in Cylindrical Coordinates
Triple Integrals in Cylindrical Coordinates
Triple Integrals in Spherical Coordinates
Spherical Coordinates
The spherical coordinates
(ρ, θ, ϕ) of a point P in space
are shown in Figure, where
ρ = |OP| is the distance
from the origin to P, θ is the
same angle as in cylindrical
coordinates, and ϕ is the angle
between the positive z-axis
and the line segment OP.
Note that
ρ ⩾ 0, 0 ⩽ θ ⩽ 2π, 0⩽ϕ⩽π
Triple Integrals in Spherical Coordinates
Spherical Coordinates
The spherical coordinate system is especially useful in problems
where there is symmetry about a point, and the origin is placed at
this point. For example, the sphere with center the origin and
radius c has the simple equation ρ = c; this is the reason for the
name “spherical” coordinates. The graph of the equation θ = c is
a vertical half-plane, and the equation ϕ = c represents a half-cone
with the z-axis as its axis.
The relationship between rectangular and spherical coordinates is
given by

x = ρ sin ϕ cos θ, y = ρ sin ϕ sin θ, z = ρ cos θ

Also, the distance formula shows that

ρ2 = x 2 + y 2 + z 2
Triple Integrals in Spherical Coordinates
Triple Integrals in Spherical Coordinates
Triple Integrals in Spherical Coordinates
Triple Integrals in Spherical Coordinates
Evaluating Triple Integrals with Spherical Coordinates
If the solid V is given by

V = {α ⩽ θ ⩽ β, c ⩽ ϕ ⩽ d, u1 (θ, ϕ) ⩽ ρ ⩽ u2 (θ, ϕ)}

ZZZ
then the integral I = f (x, y , z)dV can be evaluated by the
V
formula
Z β Z d Z u2 (θ,ϕ)
I = f (x, y , z)ρ2 sin ϕ dρdϕdθ
α c u1 (θ,ϕ)
Triple Integrals in Spherical Coordinates
EXAMPLE
ZZZ
2 +y 2 +z 2 )3/2
Evaluate I = e(x dV, where V is the unit ball:
V

V = {(x, y , z) | x 2 + y 2 + z 2 ⩽ 1}
Triple Integrals in Spherical Coordinates
Triple Integrals in Spherical Coordinates
Triple Integrals in Spherical Coordinates
Triple Integrals in Spherical Coordinates
EXAMPLE
Use spherical coordinates
p to find the volume of the solid that lies
above the cone z = x 2 + y 2 and below the sphere
x 2 + y 2 + z 2 = z.

SOLUTION
Triple Integrals in Spherical Coordinates
Triple Integrals in Spherical Coordinates
Triple Integrals in Spherical Coordinates
Triple Integrals in Spherical Coordinates
Triple Integrals in Spherical Coordinates
Triple Integrals in Spherical Coordinates
Triple Integrals in Spherical Coordinates
Triple Integrals in Spherical Coordinates
Triple Integrals in Spherical Coordinates
Triple Integrals in Spherical Coordinates
That’s all. Thanks a lot

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