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Workbook Comprehensive Course on IR-Class: Foundation of IR

UPSC Prescribed Syllabus

Prelims Current Affairs of International Importance

Mains India and its Neighbourhood- Relations.

Bilateral, Regional and Global Groupings and Agreements involving India and/or affecting India’s
interests.
Effect of Policies and Politics of Developed and Developing Countries on India’s interests, Indian
Diaspora.
Important International Institutions, agencies and fora - their Structure, Mandate.

Learning Pedagogy

Pedagogy Understanding The Concept or Issue Being Discussed and Write Down Core Points As Explained in Workbook

Home Assignment Do Daily Home Assignment from Textbook for Reference

Reference Book International Relations, 3rd Edition, McGraw Hill Education

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Concept-1: Time Lines

Timeline Event to Remember

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Concept-Diaspora

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Concept-2: Alliance

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Concept-3: Strategic Partnership Agreements

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Concept-4: Joint Naval Exercise and Joint Naval Patrolling

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Concept-5: Conflict in International Relations

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Concept-6: War and Civil War in International Relations

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Concept-7: Balance of Power Theory in International Relations

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Concept-8: Imperialism, Colonialism and Neo-colonialism

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Concept-9: Arms Control and Diplomacy

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Concept-10: Geopolitics in Foreign Policy

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Concept-11: Para-diplomacy and Indian Foreign Policy

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Concept-12: Strategies for Economic Dominance in International Relations

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Concept-13: Hyphenation, De-Hyphenation and Examples of Diplomacy

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Concept-14: Policy of Strategic Depth and Foreign Policy Implications

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Concept-15: Nuclear Fuel Cycle

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Concept-16: Atoms For Peace Initiative and International Atomic Energy Agency

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Concept-17: Peace Nuclear Explosions

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Concept-18: Nuclear Weapon Test and State of Sub-Criticality

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Concept-19: Thucydides Trap and Examples in Modern Diplomacy

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HOME ASSIGNMENT

Concept of Advanced Industrial Countries

Page-462

Concept of Asian Tigers

Page-463

Concept of Brown and Blue Water Navy

Page-463

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Concept of Net Security Provider

Page-467

Concept of Three-World Theory

Page-469

Concept of Tracks of Diplomacy

Page-469

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Concept of White Shipping Agreement

Page-469

Fact Maximiser for Prelims

Page-470 • Amnesty International:

• Greenpeace:
• Tropical Forest Alliance 2020:
• Interpol:

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Workbook Comprehensive Course on IR-Class: World History for IR

Europe in Medieval Era: Society

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Europe in Medieval Era: Economy of Europe

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Geographical Discovery Narrative, Age of Reason and Renaissance

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Renaissance, Religion and Rise of Civil Wars

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Rise of Industrial Revolution

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Colonisation Narrative and Emergence of Scramble of World

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Infusion of Insecurities in Europe and Manifestations

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Power Politics by Germany

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The Story of Austria-Hungary Empire and Balkans

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The Ambitious Italy and Its Own Dilemmas

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Perception Battle and Triple Alliance

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Counter-Alliance Counter Currents

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Nationalism in Balkans

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Post Assassination Politics and Alliances in Motion

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Story of World War-I in 1914, 1915 and 1916

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Entry of Game Changer Power in World War-I

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The Curious Case of Italian Betrayal

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Motives of Japan and Power Assertions in World War-I

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End of World War-I and Post-War Settlement

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Fundamentals of Administered Territories

Page- 5

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The International Situation in Interwar Period

Page- 6

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Poland As Trigger For World War-II

Page- 7

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History of World War-II

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Refer to Diagram on Page-8

Collective
Balance of Power Security

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Workbook Comprehensive Course on IR-Class: World History for IR

Power Structure of World Politics At End of World War-II

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The Curious Case of Power of US and USSR

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The Factors That Gave Birth to Cold War

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Greece From Colonial Era Till Onset of Cold War

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Truman Doctrine, Marshall Plan and Counter Response By USSR

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Ottoman Empire, Birth of Turkey and Gunboat Diplomacy of Soviet Union

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Entry of Britain in Turkish Crisis, Entry of US, Diplomacy and Formation of NATO and Warsaw Pact

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Extension of Cold War Through American Sub-Alliances

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Cold War and Red Stars In Global Politics

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China From 1644 to 1911

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China From 1911 to 1920

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China From 1920 to 1949

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Vietnam From French Colonisation Till 1954

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Ho Chi Minh Trails, Red Star and Entry of USA

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Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, US- Vietnam War and Paris Accord

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Page-15 Cuban Missile Crisis and Nuclear Disarmament Strategies

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End of Cold War and Rise of Unipolar World

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Post-Covid World Order and Crisis of Multilateralism

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Workbook Comprehensive Course on IR-Class: Indian Foreign Policy

Importance of Past in Foreign Policy

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Ramayana and Indian Foreign Policy

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Ramayana and Indian Foreign Policy

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Page-22 Nitisara of Kamandaki and Indian Foreign Policy

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Kautilya’s Arthashastra and Analysis of Chapters of Foreign Policy

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India in Afghanistan: From 1979 to 2001

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Indian in Afghanistan: From 2001 and Case of Medical Diplomacy

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India in Afghanistan, Medical Diplomacy and Concerns of Pakistan

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India in Afghanistan, Mandala Theory, Policy Implications for India and Vietnam and India and Mongolia Relations

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Page-24 Five Values of Indian Foreign Policy

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Page-25 Core Institutions Involved in Making of Indian Foreign Policy: Ministry of External Affairs, Reforms in Ministry in 2020

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Page-25 Core Institutions Involved in Making of Indian Foreign Policy: Ministry of External Affairs, Reforms in Ministry in 2020

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Page-27 Grand Strategy and Strategic Thought: Conceptual Differences

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Nehruvian Foreign Policy Approach and Non-Alignment Strategy

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Nehruvian Foreign Policy Approach and Non-Alignment Strategy

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Shastri Foreign Policy Approach and Non-Alignment Strategy

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Page-30 India’s Strategy To Revive Non-Alignment in Post-Cold War Period

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Indira Gandhi and Approach of Foreign Policy Approach

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Rajiv Gandhi and Approach of Foreign Policy Approach

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Narsimha Rao and Approach of Foreign Policy Approach

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Narsimha Rao and Approach of Foreign Policy Approach

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IK Gujral, Gujral Doctrine and Approach of Foreign Policy Approach

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Vajpayee and Approach of Foreign Policy Approach

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Manmohan Singh and Approach of Foreign Policy Approach

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Manmohan Singh and Approach of Foreign Policy Approach

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Narendra Modi and Approach of Foreign Policy Approach

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Page-39 India’s Strategy From NAM to Strategic Autonomy

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Page-40 India’s Strategy Rising Power or Middle Power

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Page-37 Economic Diplomacy as Key To Great Power Status

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British Policy of Managing India’s Neighbourhood

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India’s Neighbourhood Contours Post-Independence

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Neighbourhood Policy of Nehru

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Neighbourhood Policy of Indira Gandhi

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Neighbourhood Policy of Rajiv Gandhi

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Neighbourhood Policy of Narsimha Rao

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Neighbourhood policy of IK Gujral and Gujral Doctrine

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Neighbourhood Policy of Vajpayee

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Neighbourhood policy of Manmohan Singh

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Neighbourhood Policy of Narendra Modi

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Neighbourhood First Policy: Features and Assessment of Policy

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Page-49 Three Core Elements of Neighbourhood First Policy

Features of SAARC Satellite

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Page-50 Security Diplomacy of China and Impact on India’s Neighbourhood Policy

Agartala Doctrine and Indian Neighbourhood Diplomacy

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Workbook Comprehensive Course on IR-Class: India and Bhutan Relations

Ancient and Modern Engagement of India and Bhutan

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Bhutan and India: From Post Colonialism to Nehruvian Foreign Policy

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India and Bhutan Treaty of Friendship

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Issues in Treaty of Friendship and Diplomatic Strategies to mitigate Issues

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Commercial Foreign Policy of India for Bhutan

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Development Diplomacy Between India and Bhutan

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Democratic Diplomacy of India, Difference from American Democratic Diplomacy and Indian Support to Bhutan

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Bangladesh Factor in India and Bhutan Relations: Issues, Challenges and Mitigation Strategies

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Origin of India and Bhutan Energy Diplomacy

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Bhutan and Hydro-Diplomacy: Multiple Phases

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Challenges in India and Bhutan Hydro-Diplomacy and Mitigation Strategies

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Defence and Security Diplomacy Between India and Bhutan

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Diplomatic Irritant Between China and Bhutan, Chinese Religious Card and Chinese Commercial Games in Bhutan

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Chumbi Valley, Strategic Significance and Strategic Concerns

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Workbook Comprehensive Course on IR-Class: Indian and Afghanistan Relations

Emotional Bond Between India and Afghanistan

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India’s Relationship with Afghanistan at the onset of Cold War: Afghans Tilt towards Pakistan

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India’s Relationship with Afghanistan during Cold War: The 1965 War and Afghan Policy-U-Turn

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India’s Relationship with Afghanistan during Cold War: The Rise of BPLF and Afghanistan Coups

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India’s Relationship with Afghanistan during Cold War: The Soviet Invasion and Indian Policy

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India’s Relationship with Afghanistan during Cold War: The Response of US to Mujahedeen Campaign

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India’s Relationship with Afghanistan during Cold War: The Response of US to Mujahedeen Campaign and India’s Mujahedeen
Relations

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India’s Relationship with Afghanistan during Cold War: The Mujahedeen Campaign to Geneva Accord and India in the process

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India’s Relationship with Afghanistan: The Split of Mujahedeen, ISI and Peshawar Accord and Indian Policy

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India’s Relationship with Afghanistan: The Search of Friends Policy of Narsimha Rao in Afghanistan

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India’s Relationship with Afghanistan: Failure of Peshawar Accord and Rise of Resentment

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India’s Relationship with Afghanistan: Failure of Peshawar Accord and Rise of Resentment

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Page-61 The K-2 Programme of ISI of Pakistan and Indian attempt to outweigh its influence

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India’s Relationship with Afghanistan: Rise of Taliban

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India’s Relationship with Afghanistan: Rise of Taliban, Role of ISI of Pakistan and Relationship of Taliban and Al Qaeda

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India’s Relationship with Afghanistan: India’s Taliban Policy

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Page-62/63 Why Was Taliban Not Involved in Hijacking of IC-814 And How Did IC-814 Incident Changed India’s Perception
of Taliban?

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India’s Relationship with Afghanistan: US Global War on Terrorism

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India’s Relationship with Afghanistan: India and Afghanistan From Operation Enduring Freedom Onwards

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India’s Relationship with Afghanistan: Pakistan- Taliban Deal and Impact on US- Afghan Ties

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India’s Relationship with Afghanistan: India’s Taliban Policy and Rise of Pakistan Taliban

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India’s Relationship with Afghanistan: New Narrative on Taliban

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India’s Relationship with Afghanistan: The Good Taliban, Bad Taliban and Indian Policy

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India’s Relationship with Afghanistan: Creation of ISIS and Relation of ISIS and Taliban

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India’s Relationship with Afghanistan: End Game of ISIS, Rise of Good Taliban and Demise of Bad Taliban

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India’s Relationship with Afghanistan: Rise of Taliban As A Political Actor and India’s Policy

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Page-66 India’s Gift Of MI-35 Helicopters To Afghanistan in 2015 And Policy Architecture for Transfer of Lethal Arms?

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Page-70 India’s Core Interest in Afghanistan and Grand Strategy

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Page-71 Afghanistan as a litmus test for India’s regional and global power aspirations

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Page-72 Heart of Asia Process and Key Drivers of India’s Afghan Policy

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India’s Relationship with Afghanistan: India’s Five Stages of Taliban Policy

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India’s Relationship with Afghanistan: India’s Five Stages of Taliban Policy

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India’s Relationship with Afghanistan: Taliban’s Perception of India

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India’s Relationship with Afghanistan: India’s Future Taliban Policy

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Workbook Comprehensive Course on IR-Class: India and Pakistan Relations

Pakistani Narrative of India and their belief system

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Cabinet Mission Proposals and Interpretation of Muslim League and Congress

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Curious Case of Kashmir, Hari Singh and His Games

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The Entry of Lashkars and Change of Kashmir Policy of Hari Singh

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The First India and Pakistan War 1947-48

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Kashmir at United Nations and Resolution 39

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Kashmir at United Nations, Resolution 47 and United Nations CIP formed

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Military Advisors, Formation of UNMOGIP and Karachi Agreement

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Case for Plebiscite, Reasons for No Plebiscite and Implications on UNCIP

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The First Turn Towards Bilateralism and implications of Sino-Indian Conflict

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The 1965 India and Pakistan War and Tashkent Agreement

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Formation of Research and Analysis Wing and Creation of Covert Surrogate of India

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Aftermath of 1971 War, The Simla Agreement and Suchetgarh Agreement 1972

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Operation Smiling Buddha and Implications on Bilateral Ties

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Operation Meghdoot and Operation Topac Planned

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Operation Brasstacks and Operation Flying Horse

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Kashmir Intifada and Operation Topac Executed

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Nuclearisation of Sub-Continent and Implications on Bilateral Ties

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Confidence Building Measures 1.0 and Bus Diplomacy

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Jihad in Kargil Under the Nuclear Shield and Operation Safed Sagar

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The IC-814 to Operation Parakram

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Ceasefire Agreement at LOC-2003 and Launch of Composite Dialogue

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Page-81 Core Issues Identified in Composite Dialogue

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Page-81 The Four Step Approach to Kashmir Problem: Musharraf Formula

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Page-82 Kashmir Intifada from 2008 to 2010

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Manmohan Singh’s Pakistan Policy

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 188

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Page-83 Possible Approaches for India to tackle Pakistan and Pakistan for India

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Modi’s Pakistan Policy and Post-2019 Doctrine

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 190

How and Why was Article-370 Conceptualised?

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 191

The Formation of Constitution of Kashmir and Delhi Agreement

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Page-85 Treachery of Sheikh Abdullah

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Page-86 Acquire, Internationalise and Cry

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Page-86 Breaking the invisible Berlin Wall

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Failure of Gupkar Model and Islamic Caliphate in Kashmir

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 196

Mediation of Trump, Discrimination Angle and Prevention of National Integration approach

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 197

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Page-88: Ek Desh, Ek Vidhan, Ek Samvidhaan Approach

Pavneet Singh’s Course On International Relations

 198

Failure of Gupkar Model and Rise of Islamic Caliphate

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 199

Discrimination, National Integration and Mediation Challenges in Kashmir

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Pavneet Singh’s Course On International Relations

 200

Pakistan and Muslim Ummah Support, War Against India rhetoric and Shout in UN Policy

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Pavneet Singh’s Course On International Relations

 201

Eating American Flesh Policy of Pakistan and Terrorism with Human Right Narratives

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 202

Why China and Others Supported Pakistan at UN on Kashmir in 2019

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 203

Indian Counter Strategy at UN and Indian Strategy for Rejection of Mediation

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 204

Democratic, Ethical, Demographic and Bilateralism Arguments of Critics and Counter Currents

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 205

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Page-93 Ricardo Hausmann Thesis

Curzon Insights and Indian Policy

Pavneet Singh’s Course On International Relations

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Page-94 Populism Theory and Article 370

Centrality to Periphery Model

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India-Pakistan, Water Narratives and Indus Water Treaty

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 208

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Page-96: Kishanganga Dispute

Pavneet Singh’s Course On International Relations

 209

Wullar Barrage , Tulbul Navigation Project and Baghliar Dam issue

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 210

Kulbhushan Jadhav and Jaish-ul-Adl Racket

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 211

Kulbhushan Jadhav and India-Pakistan at International Court of Justice

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Why Kulbhushan Jadhav matters to Pakistan and their narrative

Pavneet Singh’s Course On International Relations

 212

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Pavneet Singh’s Course On International Relations

 213

India-Pakistan and Gurudwara Diplomacy

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 214

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Page-99 Khalistan Referendum 2020

Pavneet Singh’s Course On International Relations

 215

Gurdwara Diplomacy of India and Pakistan

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 216

Future of India and Pakistan Relations

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Pavneet Singh’s Course On International Relations

 217

Workbook Comprehensive Course on IR-Class: India and Bangladesh Relations

From Pre-Partition To Partition and Partition of Land

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 218

The reasons for 1971 War

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Pavneet Singh’s Course On International Relations

 219

The Course of War and Outcome

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 220

India and Bangladesh Swings from 1971 to 2021

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 221

Waves of Migrations from Bangladesh to India

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 222

The National Register of Citizens Issue and India- Bangladesh Relations

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Pavneet Singh’s Course On International Relations

 223

India’s Military Thoughts on Bangladesh

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 224

India and Bangladesh Defense Diplomacy

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 225

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Page-109 India and Bangladesh Maritime Issue

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Security Threats To India from Bangladesh and Mitigation Strategies

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 227

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Page-110 India and Bangladesh Hydrocarbon Partnership

Pavneet Singh’s Course On International Relations

 228

India and Bangladesh Commercial Diplomacy

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 229

Issue of Chitmahals and Nehru-Noon Agreement

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Pavneet Singh’s Course On International Relations

 230

Land Boundary Agreement or Indira-Mujib Pact and Border Problem

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Pavneet Singh’s Course On International Relations

 231

Teesta River Issue Between India and Bangladesh

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Pavneet Singh’s Course On International Relations

 232

China Factor in India and Bangladesh

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 233

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Page-111 Future Areas of Cooperation

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 234

Workbook Comprehensive Course on IR-Class: India and Sri Lanka Relations

India and Sri Lanka- From Hanuman till British Times

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Pavneet Singh’s Course On International Relations

 235

The British and Tamil Migration to Sri Lanka

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Pavneet Singh’s Course On International Relations

 236

The rise of Tamil fault lines

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Pavneet Singh’s Course On International Relations

 237

Tamil repatriation management between India and Sri Lanka

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 238

The 1971 as a turning point in bilateral ties

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Pavneet Singh’s Course On International Relations

 239

The formation of LTTE and TELO

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 240

Operation Poomalai

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 241

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Page-123 India and Sri Lanka Defense Diplomacy

Pavneet Singh’s Course On International Relations

 242

India and Sri Lanka Accord and aftermath

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 243

Reasons for Failure of India-Sri Lanka Accord

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 244

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Page-123 India and Sri Lanka Free Trade Agreement

Pavneet Singh’s Course On International Relations

 245

The 13th Amendment Issue and its Provisions

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 246

The 13th Plus and 13th Minus and India’s Position

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 247

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Page-124 India and Sri Lanka Economic and Technical Cooperation Agreement

Pavneet Singh’s Course On International Relations

 248

Indian Citizenship (Amendment) Act.2019 and Tamil Issue

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 249

Fishermen Issue and Kachchatheevu Island Issue between India and Sri Lanka

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 250

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Page-125 India and Sri Lanka Nuclear Cooperation

Pavneet Singh’s Course On International Relations

 251

China Factor in India and Sri Lanka Relations and India’s Counter Strategies

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Pavneet Singh’s Course On International Relations

 252

Workbook Comprehensive Course on IR-Class: India and Nepal Relations

Historical Background of India and Nepal Relations

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 253

Provisions of India and Nepal Treaty of Friendship 1950

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 254

Issues in India and Nepal Treaty of Friendship

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 255

Nepalis Struggle with Constitution: Decade of 1950-1960

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Pavneet Singh’s Course On International Relations

 256

Nepalis Political Chaos from 1960 to Jan Andolan-1

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 257

Jan Andolan-1 to Nepalis Civil War

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 258

Jan Andolan-II and Interim Constitution of Nepal

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 259

Madhesi Problem and Delay in Constitutional Draft

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 260

Nepal Constitution-2015 and Issues in Representation

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 261

Nepal Constitution-2015 and Issues in Article-42, Article- 84 and Article-282

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 262

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Page- 137 BBIN Motor Vehicle Agreement

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Page-130 India and Nepal Commercial Diplomacy

Pavneet Singh’s Course On International Relations

 264

Basic foundation of Water Management

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Pavneet Singh’s Course On International Relations

 265

Kosi, Gandak and Mahakali Treaties in Hydro diplomacy

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Pavneet Singh’s Course On International Relations

 266

The Power Trading Agreement between India and Nepal-2014

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Pavneet Singh’s Course On International Relations

 267

Basics of India- Nepal Border and Open Border Analysis

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 268

Border Demarcation, Border Management Practices and Issues in Open Border

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 269

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Page-130 Transformational Development Diplomacy

Pavneet Singh’s Course On International Relations

 270

Background of Kalapani, Lipu Lekh and Mahakali issue

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Pavneet Singh’s Course On International Relations

 271

Treaty of Sagauli and Article V and Western Boundary Construction

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 272

Significance of Lipu Lekh for India

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 273

Sledgehammer Tactics

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 274

Map Machinations of Nepal

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Pavneet Singh’s Course On International Relations

 275

Chinese New “Front”

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Pavneet Singh’s Course On International Relations

 276

Chinese Interests in Nepal

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Pavneet Singh’s Course On International Relations

 277

Chinese confluence of Geo-Strategic Ambitions and Geo-Economic ambitions

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Pavneet Singh’s Course On International Relations

 278

India’s Concerns on Chinese Presence in Nepal and Mitigation Strategies for Future

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Pavneet Singh’s Course On International Relations

 279

Workbook Comprehensive Course on IR-Class: India and Myanmar Relations

From Tapusa, Bhallika to Bahadur Shah Zafar

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Pavneet Singh’s Course On International Relations

 280

India and Myanmar During Cold War

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Pavneet Singh’s Course On International Relations

 281

Myanmar Flirtation With Democracy and the 8888 Revolt

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 282

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Page-117 Commercial Diplomacy

Pavneet Singh’s Course On International Relations

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Page-118 Hydrocarbon Partnership

Pavneet Singh’s Course On International Relations

 284

India and Myanmar Border Cooperation

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Pavneet Singh’s Course On International Relations

 285

Defense Diplomacy and India and Myanmar Security Cooperation

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 286

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Page-118 China Factor in India and Myanmar Ties

Pavneet Singh’s Course On International Relations

 287

India and Myanmar Cooperation on Kaladan Multimodal Transit Corridor

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Pavneet Singh’s Course On International Relations

 288

Background of Rohingya Issue

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Pavneet Singh’s Course On International Relations

 289

The 969 and 786 Movements and Rakhine State

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Pavneet Singh’s Course On International Relations

 290

Role of ISI in Fomenting Rohingya Issue

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 291

The Aqa Mul Mujahedeen and Harakah Al Yaqin of ISI

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 292

Phase-1 of India’s Rohingya Policy

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 293

Phase-2 of India’s Rohingya Policy

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Pavneet Singh’s Course On International Relations

 294

Phase-3 of India’s Rohingya Policy

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Pavneet Singh’s Course On International Relations

 295

Factors Shaping The Narrative of India’s Rohingya Policy

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Pavneet Singh’s Course On International Relations

 296

International Law on Refugees and India’s Rohingya Policy

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 297

Workbook Comprehensive Course on IR-Class: India and China Relations

Border Issue From Medieval Times to British: Tibetan Borders

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Pavneet Singh’s Course On International Relations

 298

The Case of Assam: Inner and Outer Line Permits

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Pavneet Singh’s Course On International Relations

 299

Kashmir from Punjab to Gulab Singh

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 300

Treaty of Lahore and Treaty of Amritsar

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 301

Kashgaria Rebellion

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Pavneet Singh’s Course On International Relations

 302

Johnson Line-1865

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 303

Crimean Wars and John Ardagh Line

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 304

Forward School Thoughts of British

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 305

McCartney-McDonald Line-1899

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 306

Shimla Convention and McMahon Line

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 307

Inner and Outer Tibet and Chinese Face-offs

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 308

Undefined, Undemarcated and Color Wash boundary

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 309

Chinese Annexation of Tibet and 17 Point Agreement-1951

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 310

Case of Tawang: NEFT to NEFA

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 311

The Path to Panchsheel and Challenges

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 312

Publication of New Maps and Removal of Color Wash

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 313

Counter Chinese Objections post-1954

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 314

Nehruvian Policy and Aksai Chin Road

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 315

The G-219 and Chinese Claims

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Pavneet Singh’s Course On International Relations

 316

Nehru and Zhou Enlai Dialogues-1958 and 1959

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Pavneet Singh’s Course On International Relations

 317

Chinese fear of Tibetan Uprising and Exodus of Dalai Lama

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Pavneet Singh’s Course On International Relations

 318

The road to 1962 conflict

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Pavneet Singh’s Course On International Relations

 319

Forward Posts and Logistic Stations Dilemma

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 320

Armed Co-existence of China and Issues

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 321

Namka Chu Dhola Post and Conflict

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Pavneet Singh’s Course On International Relations

 322

Namka Chu Firing and aftermath

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Pavneet Singh’s Course On International Relations

 323

Unilateral Declaration of Ceasefire By China and Unilateral Use of “LAC”

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Pavneet Singh’s Course On International Relations

 324

The case of Aksai Chin and Tawang

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Pavneet Singh’s Course On International Relations

 325

China Study Group to Package Approach versus Sector by Sector Approach

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 326

The New Blood By Rajiv Gandhi

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Pavneet Singh’s Course On International Relations

 327

The 1993, India and China Agreement on Maintenance of Peace and Tranquillity at Border and 1996, India and China CBM Agreement

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Pavneet Singh’s Course On International Relations

 328

The SRM Talk Mechanism, 2003 and 2005, Political Parameters and Guiding Principles For Settlement of India and China Border

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 329

2012 India and China Working Mechanism for Consultation and Coordination was established (WMCC); 2013 Border Defence Cooperation
Agreement and 2018 India and China signed Internal Security Agreement

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Pavneet Singh’s Course On International Relations

 330

Ladakh Standoff at Pangong Tso

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Pavneet Singh’s Course On International Relations

 331

Chinese Salami Slicing Tactics

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 332

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Page-164 Clamour for Boycott China

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 333

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Page-164 India’s Digital Strike Against China

Pavneet Singh’s Course On International Relations

 334

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Page-166 The Heart of India’s China Dilemma

Pavneet Singh’s Course On International Relations

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Page-169 Global Decoupling and Strategic Churn by India

Pavneet Singh’s Course On International Relations

 336

Conflict at Galwan Valley

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Pavneet Singh’s Course On International Relations

 337

Moonlight Massacre at Galwan Valley

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Pavneet Singh’s Course On International Relations

 338

Status Quo Ante, Disengagement and De-escalation Strategy of India

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 339

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Page-154/155 Dolam Crisis 2017

Pavneet Singh’s Course On International Relations

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Page-154/155 Chinese Three Warfare Strategy

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Page-178 Commercial Diplomacy and Kiss of Death Via 5G

Pavneet Singh’s Course On International Relations

 342

The Concept and Need for Belt and Road Initiative

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Pavneet Singh’s Course On International Relations

 343

The Chinese Malacca Dilemma and Belt and Road Initiative

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 344

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Page-186/187 Informal Rendezvous: From Wuhan To Chennai

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 345

India’s Stand on Belt and Road Initiative

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 346

Reasons for Indian Opposition To Belt and Road Initiative

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 347

Areas of Future Collaboration Between India and China

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Pavneet Singh’s Course On International Relations

 348

Workbook Comprehensive Course on IR-Class: India and Africa relations

India and Africa: Ancient and Medieval Ties

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Pavneet Singh’s Course On International Relations

 349

India and Africa: British Period and Gandhian Influence

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Pavneet Singh’s Course On International Relations

 350

India and Africa During Indian National Movement

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Pavneet Singh’s Course On International Relations

 351

India and Africa: Phase-1

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 352

India and Africa: Phase-2

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Pavneet Singh’s Course On International Relations

 353

India and Africa: Phase-3

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Pavneet Singh’s Course On International Relations

 354

India and Africa: Phase-4 and 5

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 355

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Page-300/301 Case Study: India and Its Attitude Against Racism

Case Study: The NAM Summit Fiasco (Cairo, 1964)

Case Study: India and East Africa

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Page-302/303 Case Study: Reconnecting To The Diaspora and Kenya

Pavneet Singh’s Course On International Relations

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Page-302/303 Case Study: Reconnecting To The Diaspora and Kenya

Pavneet Singh’s Course On International Relations

 358

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Page-303 Approaches of Different PMs For Africa

Pavneet Singh’s Course On International Relations

 359

Significance of Africa for India

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Pavneet Singh’s Course On International Relations

 360

Indian Policy in Africa

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Pavneet Singh’s Course On International Relations

 361

Indian Policy in Africa-Continued

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 362

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Page-306 Case Study: Western Sahara, Morocco and IAFS-3

Pavneet Singh’s Course On International Relations

 363

India and Africa Trade Diplomacy

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 364

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Page-307 Operation Vanilla and Operation Sahatya

Pavneet Singh’s Course On International Relations

 365

India and Africa Trade Diplomacy: Hurdles and Future

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 366

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Page-309 India and Africa: Pharmacy and Covid-19

African Continental Free Trade Agreement and Impact on India

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 367

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Page-311 Peace Keeping And Africa

Two Plus One And Africa

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 368

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Page-312 Piracy and power projection in Africa

India and Africa Defence Diplomacy

Pavneet Singh’s Course On International Relations

 369

Workbook Comprehensive Course on IR-Class: India and Central Asia relations

India and Central Asia: Historical Analysis

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 370

India and Central Asia: Great Game

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Pavneet Singh’s Course On International Relations

 371

India and Central Asia: Policy Engagements

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Pavneet Singh’s Course On International Relations

 372

Look North Policy

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 373

Connect Central Asia Policy

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 374

Pavneet Singh’s Course On International Relations

 375

Pavneet Singh’s Course On International Relations

 376

Pavneet Singh’s Course On International Relations

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Page-291 Ashgabat Agreement

India and Central Asia Dialogue

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 378

Strategic Interests of India in Central Asia

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Pavneet Singh’s Course On International Relations

 379

Challenges in Indian diplomacy and future of Indian diplomacy

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Pavneet Singh’s Course On International Relations

 380

Workbook Comprehensive Course on IR-Class: India and European Union relations

India and EU Historical Background And Policy Evolution

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Pavneet Singh’s Course On International Relations

 381

India and EU Core Binders in Foreign Policy

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Pavneet Singh’s Course On International Relations

 382

India and EU Cooperation in Non Traditional Security Threats

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 383

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Page-254/255 India and EU Maritime Cooperation

India and EU Cyber Space Collaboration

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Page-256 India and European Union- Bilateral Trade and Investment Agreement

Pavneet Singh’s Course On International Relations

 385

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Page-258 India and European Union: Issues in Trade Diplomacy

Pavneet Singh’s Course On International Relations

 386

India and EU Issues in Global Governance

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 387

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Page-259/261 India’s EU Outreach and Nordic Outreach

Pavneet Singh’s Course On International Relations

 388

India and European Union: Hurdles, Challenges And Future

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 389

India and France Relations: Why France Matters? And Core Binders

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 390

India and France Strategic Diplomacy

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 391

Home Assignment

Page-264/265 Terrorism Prevention Diplomacy

Space Diplomacy

Commercial Diplomacy

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Home Assignment

Page-264/265 Nuclear Diplomacy

Technology Diplomacy

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India and France Defense Diplomacy

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 394

Home Assignment

Page-266/267 Need/ Advantages and Disadvantages of Rafale

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Page-267 International Solar Alliance

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India and Russia: Why Russia Matters?

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China Factor in India and Russia relations

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Page-271 India’s Eurasian Outreach and Indian Policy of Act Far East Policy

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India and Russia Defense Diplomacy

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 400

Pakistan factor in India and Russia Defense Relations

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Page-274 India and Russia Space Cooperation

India and Russia Commercial Diplomacy

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Page-275 India and Russia Energy Diplomacy

India and Russia Nuclear Diplomacy

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Page-276 Hurdles in Engaging With Russia

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Workbook Comprehensive Course on IR-Class: India and Southeast Asia relations

Levels Of Analysis Approach

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 405

India and Southeast Asia: Phase-1: Level-1

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 406

India and Southeast Asia: Phase-1: Level-2 and 3

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 407

India and Southeast Asia: Phase-2: Level-1

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 408

India and Southeast Asia: Phase-2: Level-3

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 409

India and Southeast Asia: Phase-3: Level-1 and 2: Look East Policy

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 410

India and Southeast Asia: Phase-3: Level-1 and 2: Act East Policy

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 411

Home Assignment

Page-201 India’s Oceania Policy

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Indo-Pacific, QUAD, AUKUS and Indian Foreign Policy

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Page-204 India’s Six Layered Policy and Seven Pillars for Indo-Pacific

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Page-205 Quadrilateral Security Dialogue

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Page-206 India and JAI Trilateral Pact

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Home Assignment

Page-214/215 Challenges in Act East Policy

Options to make Act East Policy Vibrant

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Origins Of South China Sea Issue

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 418

The Zoning Of UNCLOS

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 419

The Arc Creation And UNCLOS

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 420

The Chinese Games in the South China Sea and why

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 421

India’s Stand On South China Sea Issue

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 422

Workbook Comprehensive Course on IR-Class: India and Japan relations

Historical Overview of India and Japan relations

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 423

India and Japan-Level-1: Domestic Level

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Home Assignment

Page-232 Commercial Diplomacy

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Page-233 India and Japan Defense Diplomacy

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Page-234 Malabar Exercise

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Page-234 Democratic Security Diamond

Nuclear Diplomacy

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Home Assignment

Page-235 Tokyo Declaration and Plus-5

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India and Japan: Level-2: Systemic Level

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 430

India and Japan: Asian Rebalancing Initiative, Pivot To Asia Programme, Indo-Pacific and Quad

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 431

Understand The Concept And Write Down The Analysis

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Home Assignment

Page-236 MAHSR

Space Diplomacy

Shortcomings

Future Areas

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Workbook Comprehensive Course on IR-Class: India and Israel Relations and Palestine Policy

Palestine in Modern Times

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 435

Rise of Jewish Nationalism

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 436

World Wars and Ottoman Empire

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 437

Palestine in the inter-war period and Post- War Palestine

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 438

Birth of Israel

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 439

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Page-352 Period-2: Reality Check

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Home Assignment

Page-352 Period-2: Reality Check

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Arab-Israel War and Suez Canal Crisis

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 442

Arab Introspection and Formation of PLO and FATAH

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 443

Yom Kippur War, Oil Shock, Camp David Accords

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 444

First intifada and Oslo Accords

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Page-357 Period-5: Prudent rapprochement

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Home Assignment

Page-357 Period-5: Prudent rapprochement

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Page-357 Period-5: Prudent rapprochement

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Home Assignment

Page-357 Period-5: Prudent rapprochement

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Page-360 India’s Relations With Palestine

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Page-361 India’s Relations With Palestine

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Workbook Comprehensive Course on IR-Class: India and West Asia Relations

India’s West Asia Policy During Cold War

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 452

Look West Policy

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 453

India and Saudi Arabia: Historical Partnership

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 454

India and Saudi Arabia: Strategic Partnership

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Page-348 Nuclear Diplomacy

Protection of Diaspora

Intelligence Sharing

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Page-348 Oil and Energy Security- The Saudi Buffer

Shortcomings

Potential Areas

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India and Iran: Historical Ties and India’s Interests

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 458

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Page-335 Iran Nuclear Deal

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Page-335 Iran Nuclear Deal

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Page-335 Iran Nuclear Deal

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Core Irritants Between India and Iran

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Page-365 Farzad-B and Payment Issue

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Workbook Comprehensive Course on IR-Class: India and Nuclear Policy

Evolution of Indian Nuclear Policy

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 464

Atoms For Peace To IAEA

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 465

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Page-370 Additional Protocols

First Strike and First Use

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Page-371 FMCT

Nuclear Warheads Data 2020

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India’s Domestic and International Diplomacy

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 468

Understand The Concept And Write Down The Analysis

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 469

From PTBT to CTBT: Journey Analysis

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 470

From Pokhran-I to Pakistani Nuclearisation

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 471

NPT Review Conference and CTBT

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Page-383 INF Treaty and India

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Indian Pokhran-II and Nuclear Doctrine

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 474

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Page-382 Debate on revisiting the doctrine

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Page-407 India and NSG

India and Australia Group and Wassenaar Arrangement

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Workbook Comprehensive Course on IR-Class: India and US Relations

Cold War and Post- Cold War Engagement Evolution

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 478

Defense Engagement

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Page-396 Strategic Trade Authorisation-2 to 1 Debate

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Issues in Defense Diplomacy

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 481

Understand The Concept And Write Down The Analysis

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 482

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Page-398 Indo-US Two Plus Two Dialogue-2018 and 2019

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Home Assignment

Page-400 Blue Dot Network

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Nuclear Diplomacy

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 487

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Pavneet Singh’s Course On International Relations

 488

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Nuclear Liability Issues

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 490

Trade and Intellectual Property Issues

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 491

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Page-411 End of Strategic Altruism

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Page-413/414 Pharmacy and Data Exclusivity Issue

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Home Assignment

Page-414/415 Knee Implants and Stent Pricing

Chicken Legs

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Page-418 H1-B Visa Issue

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Workbook Comprehensive Course on IR-Class: India and UN Diplomacy

India and UN Relations

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Page-425 Concept of R2P

Challenges To UN System

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Page-426 Principles Of India’s Preventive Diplomacy

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India’s Non-Permanent Candidature-2021

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 500

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Page-432 India’s WTO Diplomacy

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India’s Aspirational Diplomacy

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Page-447 India’s SAARC Diplomacy

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India’s Relationship With United Nations

Topic-1: India’s Foundation Diplomacy

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 504

Topic-2: Analysis Of The Structure Of United Nations

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 505

Topic-3: What Does The General Assembly Do?

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Topic-4: The International Court Of Justice

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Topic-5: United Nations Economic And Social Council

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Topic-6: Core Challenges To The United Nations System: Eight Case Studies

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 510

Topic-6: Core Challenges To The United Nations System: Eight Case Studies

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Topic-6: Core Challenges To The United Nations System: Eight Case Studies

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Topic-6: Core Challenges To The United Nations System: Eight Case Studies

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Topic-6: Core Challenges To The United Nations System: Eight Case Studies

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Topic-6: Core Challenges To The United Nations System: Eight Case Studies

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Topic-6: Core Challenges To The United Nations System: Eight Case Studies

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 516

Topic-7: India’s Non-Permanent Candidature For UNSC-2021: Analysis

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 517

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Topic-7: India’s Non-Permanent Candidature For UNSC-2021: Analysis

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Topic-7: India’s Non-Permanent Candidature For UNSC-2021: Analysis

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Topic-7: India’s Non-Permanent Candidature For UNSC-2021: Analysis

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Topic-8: India’s Aspirational Diplomacy At United Nations

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Topic-8: India’s Aspirational Diplomacy At United Nations

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Topic-8: India’s Aspirational Diplomacy At United Nations

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Topic-8: India’s Aspirational Diplomacy At United Nations

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Topic-8: India’s Aspirational Diplomacy At United Nations

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 527

Topic-8: India’s Aspirational Diplomacy At United Nations

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 528

Topic-8: India’s Aspirational Diplomacy At United Nations

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International Relations Supplementary Facts from Newspapers (January 2021 to December 2021)

Facts related to International Diplomacy in news

• In 1978, the IMO adopted international convention on standards of training ,certification and watch keeping for seafarers that sets minimum
qualification standards for personnel.
• In 2012 , EU supported Indian ocean Commission to launch Maritime security in Eastern and Southern African Indian ocean program with
two Regional Centres regional Maritime information fusion centre in Madagascar and regional coordination operations centre in Seychelles
• Triple billion target is a term used by W H O and was adopted by WHO’s 13th general programme of work (GPW).
• TBAlliance aims to discover and develop affordable TB medicines and the alliance is a not-for-profit developmental partnership
• US uses zeroing methodology to calculate anti-dumping duties against foreign products where the price of foreign product is compared
with its US import price adjusted for transportation and handling costs
• US naval and Air forces, through Freedom of Navigation operations reinforce internationally recognised rights of freedom by challenging
exercise Maritime claims
• The constitutional basis of European Union is Lisbon Treat
• Multiplication of FTA’s supplanting multilateral negotiations as an alternative path towards globalisation is called Spaghetti bowl effect .
• The RCEP aims to overcome spaghetti bowl.
• Puerto Williams has been recently granted the state of the southernmost city of the world
• The polymetallic nodules are also found in Central Pacific Ocean where they are called as Clarion clipperton zone
• France witnessed yellow vest protest against rising fuel prices taxes and high living costs
• To counter radicalization in Arab world and promote moderate Islam Jordan initiated Aquaba process.
• India has joined Christchurch call to action ,an initiative of France and New Zealand to tackle spread of extremism online
• Pro-democracy campaign in Hong Kong is called as Water Revolution
• Tipaimukh hydro power plant is on Barak river
• Operation Insaniyat was launched by India to provide humanitarian aid to Bangladesh to manage rohingyas
• Operation Kayla Mueller was the US military operation in Syria that killed Abu Bakr al-baghdadi
• To develop professional expertise in biodiversity policies and loss and developed capacity building, India and Norway has established
Centre for biodiversity policy and law.

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• To safeguard US BASED Swift India- Russia has set up global financial messaging system
• Malaysia and Indonesia produce 85% Global palm oil
• Power of Siberia is a gas pipe line between China and Russia and is tunnelled under Amour river
• Global crop diversity trust is a not-for-profit group in BONN and works for preserving crop biodiversity for food security
• Bougainville is the newest country in the world
Article 39 of UN charter
• It aims to maintain and restore international peace and security
Aqaba Process
• It was established by the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan
• It aims to counter radicalization and extremism in Arab World and promote moderate Islam

UN's Transports InternationauxRoutiers’ (TIR) convention

• It is an international transit system under the auspices of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE)
• It aims to facilitate the seamless movement of goods within and amongst the Parties to the Convention
• The first shipment under TIR convention arrived in India from Afghanistan through Iran’s Chabahar Port reently

The Concept of Note Verbale

• It is a diplomatic communication from one government to another, delivered through each other’s diplomatic representatives
• A note verbale is written on the sending entity’s letterhead, and stamped with that entity’s seal, but not signed
• India has raised with Pakistan the alleged abduction of two minor Hindu girls in that country and their alleged conversion to Islam

Cost, insurance and freight (CIF) mode vs free-on-board (FOB) mode

• The CIF and FOB are shipping agreements between the two trading countries used for transporting goods between a buyer and a seller.
The two differ in who assumes responsibility for the goods during transit.
• In CIF, the seller assumes the responsibility, in this case, Iran and in FOB, the buyer takes the responsibility
• In CIF, the exporter takes care of the costs and pays freight and insurance charges while in FOB, the buyer charters a vessel to ship crude.
• However, if India does get into CIF mode, it can be more expensive for buying oil

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Global Commission on the Economy and Climate

• It is a major international initiative to examine how countries can achieve economic growth while dealing with the risks posed by climate
change
• The Commission comprises former heads of government and finance ministers and leaders in the fields of economics and business, and
was commissioned by seven countries, Colombia, Ethiopia, Indonesia, Norway, South Korea, Sweden and the United Kingdom – as an
independent initiative

Haifa
• It is the third largest city in Israel
• It is home to Bahá'í World Centre, a UNESCO World Heritage Site and destination for Bahá'í pilgrims, one of religious group in Israel
• The Indian cavalry brigades fighting under leadership of British General Edmund Allenby helped liberate Haifa from clutches of Turkish-
German forces inn 1918.

World Capital of Architecture for 2020

• The UN Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) has named the Brazilian city of Rio de Janeiro as the World Capital
of Architecture for 2020
• It is a joint initiative of UNESCO and the International Union of Architects (UIA) launched in 2018

Asia Reassurance Initiative Act (ARIA)

• It is a law of USA
• It aims to counter various threats from China
• The Act recognizes the vital role of strategic partnership between U.S and India in promoting peace and security in Indo-Pacific region

Caspian sea Treaty

• The five Caspian Sea States are Azerbaijan, Iran, Kazakhstan, Russia and Turkmenistan
• They have signed a breakthrough agreement on Caspian Sea’s legal status
• They have tried to define the Caspian Sea’s legal status since the collapse of Soviet Union in order to divide up the waters and its natural
resources for new drillings and pipelines
• The treaty declares 15 Nautical Miles from the coastline as Sovereign waters and an Exclusive Economic Zone, with a further 10 nautical
miles to be used for fishing and beyond this would be open waters

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Senkaku Islands
• It is a disputed area between China and Japan
• It is located in East china sea
• Japan maintains its hold over these islands

New START (Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty)

• Formal name: Measures for the Further Reduction and Limitation of Strategic Offensive Arms
• It was signed in 2010 and entered into force on 2011.
• It is expected to last at least until 2021

Market Economy Status(MES)

• MES is accorded by the WTO to the countries where economic decisions and the pricing of goods and services are guided solely by open
competition, with little or no government intervention or central planning
• Chinese bid for this status is opposed by the US, the EU, India and other parties
• If granted this status, imposition of anti-dumping duties and other trade defences gets difficult to impose against such a nation.

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)

• It is a specialized agency of UN based in Paris
• It is the successor of the League of Nations’ International Committee on Intellectual Cooperation
• The sole purpose is to contribute to peace and security by promoting international collaboration
• UNESCO pursues its objectives through five major programs: education, natural sciences, social/human sciences, culture and
communication/information
• It is also a member of the United Nations Development Group +
• The U.S and Israel have quit UNESCO

United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL)

• It was setup in 1966
• It is the core legal body of the UN system on issues of international trade law
• India is a founding member
• India is only one of eight countries that have been a member of UNCITRAL since its inception.

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International Court of Justice (ICJ)

• It is the principle judicial organ of the UN setup in 1945
• The court may entertain two types of cases
• First is called Contentious cases, which are Legal disputes between States submitted to it
• Second is called Advisory proceedings, which are Requests for advisory opinions on legal questions referred to it by United Nations organs
and specialized agencies of UN
• The ICJ has NO jurisdiction to deal with applications from individuals, NGOs or private groups and it rules only on the rights and
obligations of States
• The court comprises of 15 Judges, elected by United Nations General Assembly and Security Council for 9 year term,elected every 3 years
to ensure continuity
• It is headquartered in Peace Palace, Hague, Netherlands
• India is a founding member of the ICJ

Havana Charter
• It was formally called the "Final Act of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Employment"
• It provided for the establishment of the ITO, International Trad Organization

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Facts related to International Organizations in news

• Brazil ,Germany ,India and Japan are a part of G4 and they support the permanent membership to UNSC for each other
• Brazil India China Mexico South Africa came together in 1974 to form G5 which was an informal forum to respond to the 1973 financial
crisis
• At United Nations ,134 Nations came together to form G-77 as a group to promote collective economic interests. The G-77 also jointly
negotiates capacity in the United Nations
• In 2019, the G20 summit at Osaka created a League of 15 world's leading city networks and technology governance organisations called
as G20. Global Smart City Alliance on technology governance .It was established jointly by G20 and World economic Forum and India
also join it in 2019 .
• The United Nation Habitat was setup in 1978 after the United Nations Conference on human settlement and sustainable Urban Development
in Vancouver Canada (1976) .The headquarter of UN Habitat is at Nairobi, Kenya
• The IMO was established in 1948 and is based in London. In 1973 it also adopted international convention for prevention of pollution
which aims to prevent pollution from ships due to accidental causes or operational causes
• The IAEA was set up in 1957 . It is an independent of United Nations but does report to UNGA and UNSC and it exists as a UN Watchdog
for Atomic and nuclear energy
• Shanghai cooperation Organisation was set up in 2001 as a political economic and security organisation with headquarters at Beijing
• Turkmenistan is not a member of SCO
• New Development Bank of BRICS, formed in 2014-15, lends for infrastructure projects and lending is done by participants states
• The NDB supports public and private project through loans ,equity and guarantees
• OECD, a group of 36 members excluding India was formed in 1966 to improve economic and social wellbeing of people globally. It is an
intergovernmental economic organisation
• The Nuclear Suppliers Group is a Non formal group with nonbinding guidelines . The principle of consensus is used for decision-making
including membership
• Eastern economic forum(EEF) was set up in 2015 to support the development of Far East Region of Russia. India has recently committed
development in the region.
• The World Economic Forum has council on the future of trade and investment
• Global Alliance of National Human Rights Institutions was called International coordinating committee earlier and it works on Paris
principles adopted in 1993 by UNGA.

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• International Maritime Bureau was formed in 1981 to fight Maritime crime and is a specialised division of international Chamber of
Commerce(ICC) as a non-profit making organisation .
Stop TB partnership
• It is a Geneva based nodal agency that recommends policy interventions
• It is administered by UNOPS-UN Office of Project Services
• It includes international NGO and governmental organisations
International classification of diseases 11(ICD 11)
• It identifies health trends and statistics worldwide
• It is released by WHO
• Gaming addiction has been added as a mental disorder

World health organization (WHO)

• It is a specialized agency of the UN
• It is concerned with international public health
• It was setup in 1948 and is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland
• The WHO is a member of the United Nations Development Group
• The WHO has 194 member states: all of them Member States of the United Nations except for the Cook Islands and Niue
• The World Health Assembly (WHA) is the legislative and supreme body of WHO and it meets annually and also appoints the Director-
General every five years
• The WHO operates "Goodwill Ambassadors"
• The WHO is financed by contributions from member states and outside donors
• Some important Publications of WHO are
o World Health Report,
o Bulletin of the World Health Organization,
o Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal,
o The Human Resources for Health,
o Pan American Journal of Public Health

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International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA)

• It was setup in 2009 and is an intergovernmental organization
• It aims to promote adoption and sustainable use of renewable energy
• It is headquartered in Abu Dhabi
• It has United Nations observer status

International energy agency(IEA)

• It was established in 1974 after 1973 oil crisis
• It functions as per framework of the OECD
• It is an autonomous body within OECD
• It is Headquatered at paris
• To be a member of IEA, the should should be a member of OECD
• All OECD members are not IEA member
• India is a associate country and not a ember state
• Reports it publishes are
o Global Energy & CO2 Status Report
o World Energy Outlook
o World Energy Statistics
o World Energy Balances
o Energy Technology Perspectives
Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries(OPEC)
• It is a permanent and inter-governmental Organization
• It was founded in 1960 at Baghdad
• Venezuela has the most oil reserves but Saudi arabia produces the most crude per day

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Facts related to International Agreements in news

• The first ever United Nations Global agreement on a common approach to International migration is the Global compact on safe ,orderly
and regular migration 2018 and it has recognised climate refugees and migrants who move due to climate change
• In 2020, Russia and China proposed an internet convention that was also supported by us at United Nations. India did not participate in the
United Nations when the convention was introduced
• In 1948 ,the UN established International Law Commission(ILC) to develop and codified international law .It has 34 elected individuals
who are elected on the basis of a recognised computers and qualifications for 5 years
• UN Habitat is also called UN human settlement program and it is the United Nations agency for human settlements mandated by UNGA
to promote socially and environmentally sustainable towns and cities to provide shelter for all.
• Yogyakarta principles document Human Rights in areas of sexual orientation and gender identity
• Five eyes is an intelligence Alliance of Australia, Canada and New Zealand ,UK and US
• Under WIPO copyright Treaty ,as per a special agreement under Berne convention, the term of protection must be at least 50 years of any
kind of work
• Copenhagen consensus is a think tank with publishers smartest solutions to global economic problems
• Conference on interaction and Confidence Building Measures in Asia(CICA) is a multinational forum to enhance cooperation to promote
peace security and stability in Asia.
• States having territory in Asia eligible to join CICA.
• Stockholm peace agreement is between Houthi rebels and Yemen forces and was mediated by UN
• To check illegal immigration by boats , a country named Australia has recently launched a campaign zero chance.
Paris Call
• It is a Trust and Security in Cyberspace
• It is commenced at UNESCO Internet Governance Forum (IGF) meeting
• It is aimed at developing common principles for securing cyberspace
• Prominent countries like India, US, China, Russia didn’t sign the agreement

Beirut Declaration
• It is related to Arab Economic and Social Development summits

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• It has called for Arab free trade zone and support countries hosting refugees

Energy Charter Treaty (ECT)

• It is an international agreement which establishes a multilateral framework for cross-border cooperation in the energy industry
• The treaty covers all aspects of commercial energy activities including trade, transit, investments and energy efficiency
• It is is legally binding and includes dispute resolution procedures
• It was formed in 1991 and India is not a member

QUAD
• India, Japan, USA and Australia are part of the same
• It is an informal mechanism and interpreted as a joint effort to counter China’s influence in the Indo-Pacific region

Geneva Conventions and their Additional Protocols

• They form the basis of modern international humanitarian law, setting out how soldiers and civilians should be treated during the war
• They were adopted in 1949 and three additional protocols were also adopted later
• The conventions have been ratified by all states and are universally applicable
• If there is any nation that has ratified the Geneva conventions but not the protocols is still bound by all provisions of the conventions
• The provisions of the conventions apply in peacetime situations, in declared wars, and in conflicts that are not recognised as war by one or
more of the parties
• It contains stringent rules to deal with what are known as "grave breaches"(breaches against geneva convention and involves torture,
wilfully killing etc of military or civilian person)
• The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) has been mandated under the Geneva Conventions to ensure the application of
international humanitarian law
• The Convention I protects wounded and infirm soldiers
• The Convention II protects shipwrecked soldiers and other naval forces
• The Convention III defined 'Prisoner of War’
• The Convention IV deals with civillians
• The Protocol I expands protection for the civilian population as well as military and civilian medical workers in international armed
conflicts
• The Protocol II high-intensity internal conflicts such as civil wars

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• It does not apply to internal disturbances such as riots, demonstrations and isolated acts of violence
• The 3rd Additional Protocol provides for distinctive emblem- the red crystal - which has the same international status as the Red Cross and
Red Crescent emblems.
• People displaying any of these protective emblems are performing a humanitarian service and must be protected by all parties to the conflict

Facts related to Indian Foreign Policy in news

• India is one of the eight countries in the world which has been a member of United Nations Commission on International Trade and Law
since 1966
• India and France have recently ratified migration and mobility partnership agreement which shall enhance people-to-people ties
• Mahatma Gandhi IT and Biotechnology Park is dedicated Free Trade Zone built by India in Cote’d ‘lvoire .
• In 2020 the IMO adopted Cape Town agreement also ratified by India for safety of fishing vessels .
• India and Bolivia have recently concluded MOU for bio oceanic Railway integration corridor project
• India is a signatory to Brasilia declaration on road safety
• India was awarded a right to explore polymetallic nodules on MN module that are rock concentrations formed of iron and manganese
Hydroxide around the core bi International seabed authority in 1987 in Central Indian ocean basin
• Top 3 oil suppliers to India are Iraq, Saudi Arabia and Nigeria
• operation Peace spring is a Turkish military campaign to target Kurdish Rebels
• To enhance connectivity and facilitate movement of goods India and Bangladesh have signed agreements to use Chattogram and Mongla
ports.
• In 2020 ,Portugal setup Gandhi citizenship education price and first edition of award was given for animal welfare
• In 2020, the international conference on standardization of diagnosis and terminologies in Ayurveda Unani and Siddharth systems of
medicine adopted New Delhi declaration on collection and classification of traditional medicine Diagnostic data
• After the dispute settlement body of WTO became dysfunctional, multiparty interim appeal Party arbitration arrangement (MPIA) a has
been set up to offer arbitration. India is not on its part
• World Food Programme and UFO moviez have launched a “feed for our future “campaign against hunger and malnutrition in India
• Resolution 30/1, relates to addressing war crimes and reconciliation efforts in Sri Lanka and resolution 40/1 relates to promoting
accountability and Human Rights in Sri Lanka
• A Framework for action on Marine Plastic litter is adopted by G20

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• Mekong river flows from Tibet, Myanmar, Loas , Thailand Cambodia and Vietnam .
• Chuka Dam between India and Bhutan is on Wangchu river
• US house resolution on Kashmir is called HR 745
• operation Sunshine is the name of Indo Myanmar joint operation against militants in Rakhine state
• Operation Samudra Maitri was launched by with air and naval support to assist Indonesia for earthquake victims
• To reduce tax evasion ,common reporting standards have been adopted by OECD .
• OPEC continued to charge Asian premium as levy on Asian country
• Himadri is India's Arctic research centre and Dakshin Gangotri ,Maitri and Bharti are India's Antarctic research Centres
• India is not a member of Asia -pacific space cooperation organisation of China
• Coastal shipping agreement is related to BIMSTEC.
• World employment and social Outlook report is published by ILO
• Operation Euphrates Shield was launched by Turkey against Syria
• India has no source of Lithium and has signed a deal with Bolovia to develop Lithium for industrial use.
• India is third largest consumer of edible oil and palm oil constitutes a major share of edible oil imports.
SAGAR -Security and Growth for All in the Region programme
• It was setup in 2015
• It ws announced by the PM during a visit to Indian Ocean Rim (IOR) countries
• It is a maritime initiative which gives priority to Indian Ocean region for ensuring peace, stability and prosperity of India in Indian Ocean
region
• It is in line with the principles of Indian Ocean Rim Association
• It has a goal to seek
o A climate of trust and transparency;
o Respect for international maritime rules and norms by all countries;
o Sensitivity to each other`s interests;
o Peaceful resolution of maritime issues; and
o Increase in maritime cooperation

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Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons 2017

• It is the first legally binding international agreement that prohibits States Parties from developing, testing, producing, manufacturing,
acquiring, possessing, or stockpiling nuclear weapons or other nuclear explosive devices
• India did not participate in the negotiations on a Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons which was concluded in New York on 7
July 2017 quoting that India maintains the Geneva-based Conference on Disarmament (CD) as a single multilateral disarmament
negotiation forum that India accepts

Comprehensive Convention on International Terrorism (CCIT)

• It is proposed by India in 1996
• It has not been adopted yet by UN
• The CCIT defined terrorism and enhanced “normative processes for the prosecution and extradition of terrorists.”

Global Counterterrorism Forum (GCTF)

• It was launched in 2011
• It is an informal, apolitical, multilateral counterterrorism (CT) platform
• It develops good Practices and tools for policy-makers and practitioners to strengthen CT civilian capabilities, national strategies, action
plans and training modules
• The GCTF has 30 members and India is a founding member of GCTF

Terrorist Travel Initiative

• It was launched under auspices of Global Counter terrorism Forum (GCTF)
• It will bring together national and local governments, law enforcement and border screening practitioners, and international organizations
to share expertise on how to develop and implement effective counterterrorism watch listing and screening tools
• The initiative will develop a set of good practices which will reinforce countries and organizations to use border security tools prescribed
in UNSC Resolution 2396 to stop terrorist travel

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Tech against Terrorism

• It is an initiative launched and supported by the United Nations Counter Terrorism Executive Directorate UN CTED
• It is working with the global tech industry to tackle terrorist use of the Internet whilst respecting human rights

Global Internet Forum to Counter Terrorism (GIFCT)

• It is an industry led initiative
• It is working in close partnership with the UN Counter Terrorism Executive Directorate (UNCTED) to substantially disrupt terrorists'
ability to promote terrorism, disseminate violent extremist propaganda

China’s ‘Gold Rush’

• China’s has started mineral mining or the “gold rush” as part of its wider efforts in the Himalayas to extract precious metals, rare earths
and other resources from Tibetan plateau

Tatopani crossing
• It is between China and Nepal
• It is the oldest and biggest trading point between the two countries

Pavneet Singh’s Course On International Relations