District Wise History & Tourist Places of J&K by Gourav Sarswat

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AUTHOR NOTE
➢ On 1 jan 2022, I had released
my first book for the Aspirants of
J&K Service selection Board.
➢ I am thankful to my readers for
the overwhelming response you
have shown to that book.
➢ I want to use this opportunity
to thank each and everyone of
you for helping me as much as I
hope I’m helping you.
➢ Your messages and comments
give me the motivation to provide
the Best content for you by way of
JKSSB SPECIAL. [email protected]

lectures and now in the form of

this book.
➢ In this Edition I have covered
District wise history and various
Tourist Destinations in a lucid and
simple manner to help students to
gain proficiency in J&K GK.
➢ To help the students to
understand the districts in a
better way, I have also uploaded
detailed lectures encompassing all
the Districts on my YOUTUBE
CHANNEL – JKSSB SPECIAL.

➢ STUDENTS ARE SUPPOSED TO

WATCH THESE LECTURES ALONG
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Mr. Gourav Sarswat.
Table of Content
1) UDHAMPUR…………………..6
2) JAMMU. ……………… 17
3) DODA…………………… 33
4) RAJOURI……………… 41
5) POONCH………………… 53
6) SAMBA…………………. 60
7) REASI…………………. 65
8) RAMBAN………………… 72
9) KISHTAWAR……………. 80
10) KATHUA……………… 90
11) Anantnag…………… 98
12) Kulgam………………. 111
13) Shopian……………… 117
14) Pulwama…………….. 121
15) Srinagar………………. 127
16) Budgam……………….139
17) Ganderbal…………….. 150

18) Baramulla…………….. 156
19) Kupwara………………. 162
20) Bandipora…………….. 166
21) Brief History of J&K… … .. . 169
22) Economy of J&K UT… … . 177
23) Fruits of J&K… .. … .. . 180
24) CUISINES OF J&K… … . 183
25) Geography of J&K… … . 189.

UDHAMAPUR
HISTORY
➢The city is founded by Raja Udham Singh, the eldest
son of Maharaja Gulab Singh.
➢Named after Raja Udham Singh, it serves as the district
capital and the Northern Command headquarters of the
Indian Army. A Forward Base Support Unit (FBSU) of
the Indian Air Force is also stationed here. Udhampur
is used by the Armed Forces as a transit point between
Jammu and Srinagar when travelling by road (National
Highway NH 44).
➢The second largest city within the Jammu division of the
UT of Jammu and Kashmir.
➢It is a strategically important city for India as it sits close
to the Pakistan border and thus, the Northern
command headquarters for the Indian military is based
out of there.
➢The need for a separate headquarters in the North was
felt during First Kashmir War in 1948. The experience of
wars in 1962, 1965 and 1971 reinforced the conviction

that the Northern Theatre needed to be commanded by

a headquarters at Shimla.
➢The Kiramchi temples located on the Udhampur-Jammu
highway are a particular attraction in Udhampur along
with other temples in the region such as the Chountra
Devi, Babore Temples, Pingla Devi.
➢Udhampur is a district in the Indian state of Jammu and
Kashmir. Patnitop and Sudh Mahadev are also tourist
places.
➢ Major attractions in Udhampur city include Gole
Market, Devika Ghats, Jakahni Park, Ramnagar chowk
(Pandav mandir and Kachalu), Salain Talab, and the
Main Bazar.
➢The major languages spoken in the district are Dogri,
Gojri, Hindi
ECONOMY
• The economy of Udhampur is predominantly
Agricultural. 80℅ of population depends upon
Agriculture.
• The District has large and medium scale industries.
• The district is rich in minerals such as coal, bauxite,
gypsum and limestone.
GEOGRAPHY
• The district of Udhampur is located in the Shivalik range
of Himalayas and the terrain is mostly mountainous.
• Udhampur is situated among lush green forests of
Eucalyptus, it is the second-largest city of the Jammu
region and the fifth-largest city in the UT of Jammu and
Kashmir.
• In between Shiwalik hills are located many longitudinal
valleys which are known as Duns. Udhampur is also a
dun.
• The upper reaches of the district experience snowfall in
the winter season.
• Udhampur is located on National Highway NH-44, which
is the only national highway that connects Srinagar to
the rest of India.
• The dominant religion in the city is Hinduism.
CULTURE
• Udhampur celebrates many festivals which are

common to Northern India such a Lohri, Basant
Panchami, Baisakhi among many others.
• Important Muslim festivals are also observed and
celebrated here such as Id-ul-Fitr and Id-ul-Zuha
along with Sikh religious festivals like Guru Govind
Singh’s birthday.
• Udhampur is in the Pahari heartland and thus Pahari
as well as Dogri song and dance folk traditions are
quite common here.
• Surma Fumenie and Kudd are dance rituals
performed in groups during special occasions such as
marriages or cultural events.
• Ramnagar, which is within the Udhampur district and
not too far away from the city is also famous for its
cuisine such as the dish of Kalaadi, Kulthein di Dal,
which is prepared from locally grown legumes, Ambal
and many other Dogri dishes.
• Patnitop and is famous for a local sweet known as
“Desi Ghee Patisa” another name of the sweet made
up of milk products. Desi Ghee is a milk product and
patisa is known as Papdi.

CHENANI
• Chenani is a town and tehsil in the Udhampur district, in
the Indian union territory of Jammu and Kashmir.
• Until 1947, Chenani principality was ruled by a Rajput
clan (Anthal), Chandel Rajputs who came to this place
in the 9th century AD from Kot Kalhur, Bilaspur Himachal
Pradesh.
HERITAGE SITES
Ramnagar Fort
• Ramnagar Fort is believed to have been built by

Rajput Raja Suchet Singh, who died in 1844. His wife
performed sati nearby.
• There is a Samadhi of Maharani at the site where
the sati was performed.
• The fort was renovated and undertaken by
the Archaeological Survey of India in 1972.
• It is a protected monument of the Archaeological
department.

Sheesh Mahal
• Sheesh mahal is present in Ramnagar, which was ruled
by brave dogra king Ram singh. Sheesh mahal was
constructed by him.
• The palace got its name Sheesh Mahal from its
adorned mirror work and thus it also named as Palace
of Mirror.
• The walls of the exquisite palace are ornamented
with beautiful murals and paintings, which depicts the
stories of Indian epics like Mahabharata and Ramayana.
• Life history of Rama Ram Singh and other former
rulers can also be found in the paintings of the Sheesh
Mahal.
TOURIST PLACES
NATHATOP.
• Nathatop has become very famous for its
paragliding and sometimes people from different parts
of the country travel to experience the beauty and
these experiences offered by the place.
Patnitop
• Patnitop sits at an altitude of 2,024 m (6,640 ft).
The river Chenab flows in close proximity to this
location.
• Origin of the name PatniTop is a distortion of the
original name of “Patan Da Talab” meaning “Pond of
the Princess”.
• In olden times a pond existed in the meadows and
the kings princess often used to have her bath there.
Part of the pond still exists near the youth hostel.
Krimchi temples
• Krimchi Group of Temples is located in Krimchi, a
small village located in Udhampur district of Jammu and
Kashmir.
• These exceptionally beautiful ancient temples are
believed to have been built in the 11th-12th century AD,
and locally, they are also known as the Pandava
Temples.
• There are seven ancient Hindu temples in this
famous tourist religious site in Jammu, of which four

are large and three are small, and all of them are
dedicated to Lord Shiva.
• Raja Kichak is believed to have constructed these
temples.
Sudhmahadev
• The temple is near nucleus of Mantalai where Raja

Himachal held the marriage ceremony of his daughter
Parvati to Lord Shiva.
• It is believed that in olden times a Rakshas (demon)

named ‘Sudh’, used to trouble Devtas and the residents
of this place. They all worshiped Lord Shiva to save
them from the demon.
• Hearing the genuine prayers of the devotees Lord Shiva

hurled his trident at the demon with such a power that
it not only killed him but pierced the earth through and
through down to patala.
• It is said that in his dying moments after being hit by the

trident, the demon expressed repentance for his

misdeeds and begged for pardon as he himself was a

staunch devotee of Lord Shiva.
• Lord Shiva pardoned him and ordained that the

demon’s name would be taken before His and this is
how the name Sudhmahadev came in to being.
• The iron Trident of Lord Shiva still exists in the temple

complex, standing six feet above the ground with a
diameter of six inches.
• A spring called Gouri Kund, just short of Sudh Mahadev

the Goddess Parvati worshipped the Shivling here that
is believed to be at least 3000 years old .
Panchari hill station

• Panchari is one of the beautiful Unexplored hill station
in Udhampur District.
• It is a hill resort perched with Deodar forest on the one

side,and a small hill top township on the other and
surrounded by Ladha Dhar on the east, Saroli Dhar on
the west, Sankhpal Dhar on the north and Kainth Gali
ridges on the south.
ISCKON Temple
• The temple is very nice and worth seeing.

• The temple is dedicated to Lord Krishna.
• Very big and beautiful temple built in the middle of
Udhampur city in j&k.
• It is on the Dhar road udhampur
Famous personality.
• Jitendra Singh is an Indian physician and politician.He is

the Minister of State (Independent Charge) for the
Ministry of Science and Technology and Minister of
state (independent charge) ministry of earth science
and Minister of State for Prime Minister’s Office;
Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions; Department
of Atomic Energy and Department of Space.
Shyama prasad mukherjee

tunnel.
• The Chenani-Nashri Tunnel renamed as Shyama Prasad

Mukherjee Tunnel. It is not only India’s longest
highway tunnel (9.2 km long) tunnel.
• It is located in the lower Himalayan mountain range,
between Udhampur and Ramban in Jammu & Kashmir.
Devika river
• Udhampur is also well known city for the Devika river.
The Devika river is also known as the sister of the river
Ganges.

JAMMU
History
➢The winter capital of Jammu & Kashmir is bluffed on the
Shivalik Range, overlooking the northern plains.
➢According to Tarikh-i-Azmi, Jammu came into
existence around 900 CE. The state of Durgara (modern
forms “Duggar” and “Dogra)”) is also attested from
around this time. The capital of the Durgara state at
that time is believed to have been Vallapura ( modern
Billawar).
➢Jammu district derives its name from the city of Jammu
which besides being the winter capital of the state, is
known as the city of temples.
➢It is believed that the city was originally founded by
Raja Jamboo Lochan who lived in fourteenth century
B.C.
➢The Raja had gone out one day for hunting when he
happened to witness a tiger and a goat drinking water
from one and the same pond.
➢This extraordinary phenomenon set him thinking and
he decided to build a city at this site so that the strong
and weak could live together in peace and mutual

tolerance.
➢Eventually, he founded the city which came to be
known as “Jamboo” after his own name. With the
passage of time and due to its frequent use the
pronunciation of the name got slightly distorted and the
city, came to be known as ‘Jammu’ as it is called now.
➢After the decline of the Mughal power in the 18th
century, the Jammu state under Raja Dhruv Dev of the
Jamuwal (Jamwal) family.
➢Its ascent reached its peak under his successor Raja
Ranjit Dev ( 1728–1780), who was widely respected
among the hill states.
➢Ranjit Dev promoted religious freedom and security,
which attracted many craftsmen and traders to settle in
Jammu, contributing to its economic prosperity.
➢In 1808, Jammu itself was annexed to the Sikh Empire
by Maharaja Ranjit.
➢In 1818 Raja Kishore Singh Father of Raja Gulab Singh
was appointed and anointed the ruler of Jammu
Principality hence started the Jamwal Dynasty, aka
Dogra dynasty, which came to rule the princely state of
Jammu and Kashmir under British suzerainty.
➢The rulers built large temples, renovated old shrines,
built educational institutes and many more. A 43 km
long railway line connecting Jammu with Sialkot was

laid in 1897.
➢Jammu is situated on a hillock, on the bank of river Tawi
and is bound by Udhampur district in the north and
northeast , Kathua district in the east and southeast,
Pakistan (Sialkote) in west and Rajauri district and POK
(Bhimber) in the northwest.
➢The city has numerous shrines for Muslims, Sikhs &
Christians also.
➢Jammu is also the Railhead of the state.
➢This District is having a National Airport situated at
Satwari.
➢This District serves as the Winter Capital of J & K state
from November to April when all the offices move from
Srinagar to Jammu.
ECONOMY
• Jammu city is the main cultural and economic centre of
the administrative division of Jammu.
• One of the most famous local Basmati rice is produced
in the RS Pura area near Jammu, which is then
processed in rice mills in Jammu.

• Industrial estate at Bari Brahamna has a large

presence of industrial units manufacturing a variety of
products right from carpets, electronic goods, electric
goods.
GEOGRAPHY
• Jammu is located at 32.73°N 74.87°E. It has an average
elevation of 300 m (980 ft).
• Jammu city lies at uneven ridges of low heights at the
Shivalik hills.
• It is surrounded by the Shivalik range to the north, east,
and southeast while the Trikuta Range surrounds it in
the North West.
• The city spreads around the Tawi river with the old city
overlooking it from the north (right bank) while the new
neighbourhoods spread around the southern side (left
bank) .
• There are five bridges on the river. The city is built on a
series of ridges.
• Jammu, like the rest of north-western India, features a
humid subtropical climate.
• January is the coldest month and June is the hottest
month.
• Average yearly precipitation is about 42 inches with the

bulk of the rainfall in the months from June to
September.
• In summer, particularly in May and June, extremely
intense sunlight or hot winds( locally known as Loo) can
raise the temperature to 46 °C.
• National Highway 44 which passes through Jammu
connects it to the Kashmir valley. National Highway 1B
connects Jammu with Poonch town.
• Jammu Airport is in the middle of Jammu. It has direct
flights to Srinagar, Delhi, Amritsar, Chandigarh, Leh and
Mumbai and Bengaluru.
CULTURE
• Jammu is known for its sund panjeeri, patisa, rajma
with rice and Kalari cheese.
• Dogri food specialties include ambal, khatta meat,
kulthein di dal, dal patt, maa da madra, rajma, and
auriya.
• Pickles typical of Jammu are made of kasrod, girgle,
mango with saunf, jimikand, tyaoo, seyoo, and
potatoes.
• Auriya is a dish made with potatoes.
• Jammu cuisine features various chaats, especially gol

gappas, kachalu, Chole bhature, gulgule, rajma kulche
and dahi palla, among various others.
• The festivals celebrated in Jammu are Lohri, Baisakhi,
Diwali, Makar Sakranti etc.
• Main dances of Jammu Province are Dogri Bhangra,
Gogri Dance, Letri Naach, Chowki Naach, Jattar,
Jagarana, Keekli.
• The ornaments wear by Jammu women are Tikka,
Balu and Kada.
TOURIST PLACES
AKHNOOR FORT
• The Akhnoor fort which lies towards east of the town,

on the bank of the Chenab river holds great significance
and is extremely important for reconstruction of the
past history.
• The fort was built by Raja Alam Singh in 1802.
• Work on the fort, actually began in 1762 at the behest

of Raja Tegh Singh and was completed by his son Raja
Alam Singh in 1802.
• This two-storeyed fort which is perched on a cliff
overlooking river Chenab is under the Archaeological
Survey of India (ASI) since 1982 and has been declared a
national monument protected under the Monument
Act, 1958.
• Turf or Burj of Akhnoor fort is called Kishore singh Burj.
He is close associate of tenth sikh Guru Gobind ji.
• There are two-storeyed watch-towers at corners.
• This fort, where excavation is still in progress in a
phased manner, is perched upon an ancient site
depicting three periods of history.
• The first period is represented by the Harappan red and
grey earthenware that include jars, beakers and
goblets.
• The second period is marked by the presence of early
historic pottery and the third period is represented by
Kushana objects and an impressive wall of rubble
diaper masonry flanked on both sides by a 3-metre
wide street.
• Just as Akhnoor finds a place of pride in history for its
antiquity and historical importance, the Jia Pota Ghat

on the right bank of Chandrabhaga i.e. today’s Chenab

at Akhnoor .
• The Jia Pota Ghat got its name from the Jia Pota tree
whose botanical name is Putranjiva roxburghii under
whose shade the Raj tilak ceremony of Maharaja Gulab
Singh took place in 1822 A. D.
• It was on 17th of June 1822 A.D. that the magnanimous
Maharaja Ranjeet Singh, the most powerful king in the
realm of Hindustan coronated Gulab Singh as Raja of
Jammu region at Jia Pota in the backdrop of Akhnoor
fort.
• Historians consider Akhnoor as the northernmost
point of Indus Valley civilization.
• Another important site from the archeological point of
view is the ancient site of Manda.
• It lies on the right bank of Chenab in the Shivaliks
foothills.
• It is believed that Harappans had reached Manda in the
4th century B.C. Their culture continued to evolve at
Manda till 1st century B.C.
• Excavations were carried out here by ASI in 1977.
• The place is believed to be the ancient city of Virat
Nagar mentioned in the Mahabharata.
• The town is believed to have been named Akhnoor by
Mughal Emperor Jahangir who once visited the area
and the fort on the advice of a saint when his eyes got
infected while returning from Kashmir.
• He called the town Aankho-ka-Noor (light of the eyes)
and since then the place came to be known Akhnoor.
Ambaran
• Ambaran ,also locally known as Pambaran, is a village
of Akhnoor tehsil in Jammu district and is said to have
been founded by Amba Jagdev Pawar .
• A scion of Pawar dynasty of Dhar Ujjain which seems to
have been the original capital of Akhnoor.
• It was named Ambari after the family diety Amba, one
of the names of goddess Durga.
• The name got changed gradually into Ambaran.
Ambaran is the eighth place in the world, where relics
of Buddha have been found in a stupa.
• Historians are of the opinion that the place might have
been an important centre of Buddhism between the 1st
and 7th century B.C.
• A cultural sequence of four historical periods has
already been unraveled at Ambaran.
• It is believed to be the only early Buddhist site in
Jammu region.
• Excavations have unearthed terracotta figures, small

sculptures, pottery and brunt brick structures dating
back to pre Kushan and post Gupta period.
Mubarak Mandi Palace

• Mubarak Mandi is a Palace in Jammu, India. The palace
was the royal residence of the Maharaja of Jammu and
Kashmir from the Dogra dynasty.
• It was their main seat till 1925 when Maharaja Hari
Singh moved to the Hari Niwas Palace in the northern
part of Jammu.
• The palace is built in a manner that resembles both
Rajasthani and Mughal architecture.
• The Pink Hall houses the Dogra Art Museum with
miniature paintings of the various Hill Schools of
Kangra, Jammu and Basholi.
• It also has a gold painted bow and arrow of Mughal
emperor Shah Jahan.
Amar Mahal

• This museum is housed in the Amar Mahal Palace, built

in 1862 in a unique, French-chateau style of
architecture.
• Located atop a hill overlooking the Tawi river, 4 rooms
of the palace have been converted into art galleries and
historic museums, depicting the royal history of Jammu.
• The star of this museum is the golden throne of Jammu,
weighing a whopping 120 kgs, all pure gold.
Balidan Stambh
• Balidan Stambh ( “pillar of sacrifice”) is a war memorial
situated in Jammu District of Jammu and Kashmir.
• It was erected in the honour of all the military and
paramilitary personnel who have laid down their lives
since the Indo-Pakistani War of 1947.
• The pillar is shaped like a bayoneted rifle and
symbolises soldiers who went to war bravely.
• The pillar was officially inaugurated in 2009 for the
general public.
BAHU FORT
• The Bahu Fort is a historic fort in the city of Jammu.

• Constructed on the banks on Tawi River.

• The ancient fort is believed to be constructed by Rajput
Raja Bahulochan around 3,000 years ago.
• It is believed that the first renovation of this fort was
undertaken during Dogra Rule in 18th century.
• The fort is a religious place, and within its precincts has
a temple dedicated to the Hindu goddess Kali.
• The temple is known locally as the “Bawe Wali Mata
temple”.
Raghunath temple
• It consists of a complex of seven Hindu shrines.
Raghunath Temple was constructed by the first Dogra
ruler Maharaja Gulab Singh in the year 1835 and later
his son Maharaja Ranbir Singh got it completed in the
year 1860 During Dogra rule.
• The temple has many gods in its complex of shrines,
but the presiding deity is Rama – also known as
Raghunath, an Avatar of Vishnu.
• All the spiral-shaped towers in the temple have gold
plated spires.
RANBIRESHWAR TEMPLE
• The biggest Shiva temple in north India.

• Ranbireshwar Temple is one of the most famous shrines
of Shiva in Jammu.
• Ranbireshwar Temple was built by Maharaja Ranbir
Singh in 1883.
• The temple is enshrined an eight feet long central
‘Lingam’.
Peer kho
• The Peer Kho cave is positioned on the bank of river
Tawi
• It is extensively believed that a character named
Jamvant, who was famously worshipped as the bear
god had meditated in this cave.
• This temple is based in the vicinity of the Panchbakhtar
temple and the Ranbireshwar Temple, which are also
temples dedicated to Lord Shiva and are all placed
along the river Tawi.
• Also known as the Jamvant cave, these caves are
located on an altar of igneous rocks, laced with the
sedimentary deposits from the river and are placed on
the edges of a circular road in the Northeast of Jammu
city and are surrounded by the acacia jungle.

Bagh-e-Bahu
• Bagh-e-Bahu is actually a garden which is situated in
Jammu and serves as a magnificent source of attraction
for several tourists.
• It is seated on the top of a mountain overlooking the
Tawi river.
• The garden is characterized with grand lawns, gorgeous
fountains, aesthetic stone sculptures, a beautiful lake
and a large aquarium.
• It is located on the bank of Tawi River just beside the
famous Bahu Fort.
Nandini Wildlife sanctuary

• Nandini Wildlife Sanctuary is a renowned site located
at a distance of 28 km from Jammu.
• This sanctuary has derived its name from the village
of Nandini.
• The Nandini Wildlife Sanctuary is sprawled over an
area of 34 sq km.

Ramnagar wildlife sanctuary

• This wildlife sanctuary also has the distinction of
housing some of the rare species of mammals in the
world.
• Some of the distinct animals that can be spotted here
are The Barking Deer, Nilgai, Rhesus Monkey, Wild
Boar, and many more other animals can be spotted
during one’s visit to this sanctuary.
• In addition, this place also shelters about 15 species
of birds and the chirping sound of the birds make this
place an ideal retreat for nature lovers.
• Some of the birds that can be found in this sanctuary
are Indian , White Cheeked Bulbul, Red Jungle Fowl,
Peafowl, Golden Oriole, Blue Rock Pigeon, Jungle
Crow, Mynah and many others.
Conservation Reserves
• Sangral Asa chak
• Nanga WR
• Kukarian
• Pargwal
• Gharana
• Bahu
• Nandini

DODA
History
➢Doda was largely inhabited by Sarazi population
before people started settling here from Kashmir and
other adjoining areas.
➢It got name Doda due to Opium plant which is known
as Doddi in local language.
➢The Doda district consists of areas drawn from the
ancient principalities of Kishtwar and Bhadarwah,
both of which became part of a district by the name
of ‘Udhampur’ in the princely state of Jammu and
Kashmir.
➢In 1948, the erstwhile Udhampur district was
partitioned into the present Udhampur district,
containing the Udhampur and Ramanagar tehsils, and
‘Doda’ district
containing Bhadarwah, Thathri Kishtawar and
Ramban tehsils.
➢In 2006, Ramban was made into an independent
district and the hilly area to the east of the present
Doda district was separated as the Kishtwar district.
The remaining areas include the Doda tehsil carved

out of Kishtwar and the original Bhadarwah, now
divided into three tehsils.
➢The records reveal that one of the ancient Rajas of
Kishtwar whose dominion extended beyond Doda
persuaded one utensil maker namely deeda a migrant
from Multan (Pakistan) to settle permanently in his
territory and set up a utensil factory there. Deeda is
then said to have settled in a village which later on
came to be known after him.
➢With the advent of time, the name Deeda seems to
have got distorted into Doda, by which name it
continues to be known today.
➢Maharaja Gulab Singh had first of all conquered
Doda in 1822 AD.
➢The English Traveller G.T. Vigne, who visited Doda in
1829.
➢Doda is a perfect tourist destination situated amidst
nature. The main attractions of the destination
include Bhaderwah, Chinta Valley, Seoj Meadow and
Bhal. Bhaderwah is known for a pilgrimage for the
Hindus known as the Kailash Yatra, which takes place
every year in the month of August.

BHADERWAH
➢Bhaderwah also known as “Nagon ki bhoomi”
means ‘ land of Snakes ‘.
➢The history is very little known to general masses.
➢The Bhaderwah Town ( Nagar Bhaderwah ) was
known as Hettary Nagar and prior to that, there
were two other towns namely Donga nagar and
Udho Nagar.
➢Both the Nagar was situated around villages
Mondha which is about 3 Kms in the East of present
Bhaderwah town.
➢Bhaderwah is known as KERALA OF J&K beacause it
has highest literacy rate.
➢Bhaderwah is known by the name of Chotta
kashmir due to its natural beauty.
GEOGRAPHY
• Doda is a district in the eastern part of Jammu Division
in the Indian union territory of Jammu and Kashmir. The
district consists of 18 tehsils.

• The district is located inside Chenab Valley and shares

borders with valley of Kashmir.
• The climate of the district is almost dry. The rainfall is
scanty. The temperature of the district varies from
place to place.
• Doda is the largest district in the Jammu region.
• Doda town after which the district is named is situated
at an altitude of 5000 feet above the sea level.
• The district boundaries do not touch with international
borders or the LOC.
• The district shares border with Anantnag, Ramban,
Kishtwar, Udhampur & Chamba district of Himachal
Pradesh.
• The entire district is hilly.
ECONOMY
• The district is known for its rich mineral deposits. Lead,
mica, gypsum, manganese, marble, graphite copper etc
are found here.
• The distict is pre-dominantly rural and has agricultural
and pastoral economy.
• The district has good potential for tourism including
pilgrimage and adventure.

CULTURE
• Kashmiri, Dogri, Bhadarwahi, Siraji, Punjabi etc are the
languages being spoken here in different areas.
• Dhakku, Ghurai and Kood are the famous dances of
Doda District.
• Naag puja and Kanchoth also celebrated in Doda.
• Mela Patt is the famous festival of Baderwah of Doda
District to commemorate the historic meet of Mugal
emperor Akbar and king Nag pal of Bhaderwah. Dekho
dance is performed in this fair.
HERITAGE SITES
DODA FORT.
• The Doda fort was built from the fear of possible
attacks by the Rajas of Bhaderwah.
• Since the Doda town was the part of the Kishtwar
state serving its winter capital.
• In view of the defence, this Doda fort was built on
the left bank of the river Chenab.
• Doda fort demolished in 1952 AD.
• The buildings of Government HSS Boys Doda exist on

its place today.
BHADERWAH FORT.
• The Bhaderwah Fort is one of the most significant
cultural landmarks of the Bhaderwah, located on top of
small hillock.
• The fort commands panaromic view of the town.
• Out of the forts of Doda only Bhaderwah Fort exists
to this day.
• Construction of this fort was started by Raja
Maidini Pal in 1733 and was completed by his son Raja
Sampat Pal and he named it as Maidinipur after the
name of his father.
• Afterwards, Wazir Ratno rebuilt the fort and
changed its name to Rattan Garh.
TOURIST PLACES
• DESSA VALLEY.

• PADRI
• TELLI GARH
• JAI VALLEY
• Chinta valley.
Famous personality
Ghulam Nabi Azad.
• Ghulam Nabi Azad is an Indian politician of the Indian
National Congress.
• He was the 7th chief minister of Jammu and Kashmir
from 2005 to 2008.
• He was the Minister of Health and Family Welfare.
• He served as the Leader of opposition in Rajya Sabha

until 2021 February.

RAJOURI
History
➢Rajouri area remained the region of great importance
in ancient times.
➢In Mahabharta there was a kingdom known
as Panchal Desa.
➢The king of this State was Panchal Naresh whose

daughter Dropdi was married to Pandvas.
➢The Historians Identify Panchal Desha as the region
in Panchal range of mountains.
➢Rajouri was also a part of this kingdom
of Panchal Naresh.
➢Rajouri, then known as Rajapuri – ‘the land of Kings’ –
finds its mention in the travelogue
Chinese traveler Hiuen Tsang who visited the town in
632 A.D. and described it as a part of Kashmiri
dominion.
➢Still earlier in the Buddhist period it formed a part
of Gandhar territory (Afghanistan, Gandhar and
Tashkent) and later was included in the domain

called Darabhisanga which comprised the hilly stretch
from Poonch to Kashmir.
➢Those days Laharkote in Poonch district and Rajouri
had emerged as two powerful states of the area.
➢According to F.E.Pargitor, second branch of Aryan
emigrants crossed Himalayas in the north and west and
settled in Rajouri and Poonch area.
Rajouri, Bhimber and Naushera were included within
the territory of Abhisar, which was one of the hill states
of Punjab Kingdom.
➢At the time of Alexander’s invasion, Rajouri was at the
height of its glory. In Mauryan period, the town of
Rajouri was a great trade centre.
➢During the Mughal rule, the rulers of Rajouri have
embraced Islam though they retained the title of Raja.
➢Albaurni visited Rajouri with Sultan Masud (Son of
Sultan Mehmud) in 1036 A.D. In his book “India” he
wrote name of Rajouri as Raja Vari.
➢Srivar, the writer of ‘Raj Tirangini’ written during the
regime of Sultan Zain-Ul-Abdin, also named this area as
Raja vari.
➢Praja Bhat another writer of Raj Tirangini of 16th
century A.D. wrote this place as Raj-Vare in his book.

➢Mirza Zafarulla Khan writer of ‘Tarikh Rajgan-E-

Rajour’ described in his book that this place was
originally known as Raj-Avar and then changed
from Rajour to Rajouri. But the old people in the
villages still call the place as Rajour.
➢With the passage of time the name changed from Raja’s
Raj Avar to Raja Puri, Rajpuri to Raj Vari, Raj Vari to
Raj Vara, Raj Vara to Raj Avar, Raj Avar to Rajour and
then Rajour to Rajouri.
➢As per Rajtirangini of Kalhan, Rajouri emerged as
principality in about 1003 A.D. The first ruler of this
kingdom was Raja Prithvi Paul. From 1033 A.D. to 1194
A.D. these Pauls ruled this state.
➢Raja Sangram Paul defended his Principality Rajouri
when Raja Harash of Kashmir assaulted his country in
1089 A.D. Sangram Paul fought so bravely that
Raja Harash was compelled to return from Prithvi Paul
fort without capturing Rajouri.
➢As per ‘Tarikh-Rajgan-e-Rajour” Noor-Ud-Din who
migrated from Punjab to Rajouri revolted against
Raja Amna Paul. Raja Amna Paul was killed in the revolt
and Noor-Ud-Din became the Raja of Rajouri. In this
way Raja Noor-Ud-Din aid the foundation
of Jaral Muslim rule in Rajouri in 1194 A.D. to 21st
October 1846 A.D.
➢Raja Raheem Ullah Khan was the last Muslim Ruler

of Rajouri who governed this principality upto 21st
October, 1846.
➢Jaral Muslim Rajas rebuilt Rajouri city during their rule.
Number of Fort, Sarai, Mosque and Baradaries were
constructed with the help of Mughals, on Mughal road.
➢Raja Aggar Ullah Khan (1808-1819) fought bravely,
first against Maharaja Ranjit Singh in 1815 and then
Raja Gulab Singh in 1819.
➢The town also called Rampur as per the revenue
document, gained popularity during the Mughal period
as the Mughal Ruler, during their movement from Delhi
to Kashmir and back, used to stay at the station for
some time.
➢In 1846 Amritsar pact was signed between British
Government and Raja Gulab Singh of Jammu. In the
light of this pact, Jammu and Kashmir State was handed
over to Raja Gulab Singh and he was designated as
Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir.
➢After taking the charge of Rajouri from
Raja Faqir Ullah in 1846, Maharaja Gulab Singh changed
the name of Rajouri to Rampur. He
appointed Mian Hathu as Governor of Rajouri.

➢Mian Hathu remained in Rajouri upto 1856 A.D. He

constructed a beautiful temple in
between ThannaNallah near Rajouri city.
➢He also built Rajouri Fort at Dhannidhar village.
➢After Mian Hathu, Rajouri was converted into a Tehsil
and affiliated with Bhimber District.
➢ In 1904 A.D., this Tehsil was bifurcated
from Bhimber and affiliated with Reasi District. After
Independence, Rajouri became part of the newly
constituted Poonch-Rajouri District. On Ist January
1968, Rajouri emerged as a new District on the map of
the State.
GEOGRAPHY
• The Rajouri district is bordered on the west by Pakistan-
controlled Azad Kashmir’s Kotli district, on the north by
the Indian part of the Poonch district, on the east by the
Reasi district and on the south by the Mirpur and
Jammu district.
• The northern parts of the Rajouri district are in the Pir
Panjal range, especially the Thanamandi and Darhal
tehsils.

• However, The Rajouri Tawi River (also called Naushera

Tawi) and its many tributaries flow through the
mountain valleys, making them habitable.
• The Ansi river similarly waters the Budhal tehsil.In the
south, there is a wide valley between the Tain Dhar and
Kali Dhar ranges (part of the Outer Hills of Himalayas),
which is called either Naushera valley or Lam-Khuiratta
valley.
• In between these two ranges, there is a lower range
called Koti Dhar, which divides the valley into two parts.
• The old Mughal Road into the Kashmir Valley used to
come up from Bhimber, and pass through the Naushera
and Rajouri towns to the Pir Panjal Pass.
ECONOMY
• The main livelihood of the people is agriculture and
allied activities.
• In the beginning of 50s, a Thermal Power Station was
established at Kalakote keeping in view the available
coal resources. But after commissioning of this project,
it was found that the coal available at site was not
suitable for the project

• The main mineral resources present in this area are:

Coal, Limestone and Bauxite.
• Murree formation supposed to be the main source of
hydrocarbon is predominantly developed in this area.
CULTURE
• The people of various faiths, castes and creeds are
living peacefully and in cordial atmosphere in the
District.
• Races like Gujjars, Bakerwals, Paharis, Punjabis,
Kashmiris and Dogras are inhabiting in various parts
of the District.
• Paharis inhabit in most of the villages of the District
apart from NACs. They are dominating the
population of the District.
• Although, the name “Paharis” means ‘Mountaineers’
yet it is confined to those people whose mother
tongue is pahari dialect.
• They are Hindus, Muslims, and Sikhs whose cultural
affinity and language is binding strength of their
composite cultural heritage.
• Apart from this, Dogri speaking people also inhabit in
some pockets of Sunderbani, Kalakote and Nowshera,
while some Kashmiri families are residing in

Thannamandi, Behrote and upper reaches of Budhal.
HERITAGE SITES
DANDHIDHAR FORT
• In 1819 Maharaja Ranjit Singh while concurring
Kashmir captured Rajouri, he appointed Mirza
ReheemUllah Khan as Raja of Rajouri in place of Raja
Agar Khan.
• Raja Raheem Ullah Khan remained governing Rajouri
principality upto 1846 under the control of Khalsa
Darbar Lahore.
• On 15th March, 1846, Jammu and Kashmir and
Ladhakh was sold by the Britishers to Raja Gulab
Singh of Jammu and Kashmir. By this way, the Rajouri
principality also came under the jurisdiction of
Maharaja Gulab Singh.
• Since Maharaja was not having good relation with
Raja Raheem Ullah Khan of Rajouri, therefore, he
directed him to step down. But Raja Raheem Ullah
Khan refused to do so.
• In these circumstances, Maharaja Gulab Singh
alongwith his forces reached Rajouri and dismissed
Raja Raheem Ullah Khan and his administration and
on 26th of October, 1846, Raja Raheem Ullah Khan

was compelled to leave principality alongwith his
family and relatives.
• Then Maharaja Gulab Singh appointed Mian Hathu
the Governor of Rajouri in 1846 AD.
• Mian Hathu governed Rajouri from 1846-1856 .
• In this very period, he started the construction of
Dhannidhar Fort .He used the stones and material in
the construction of Fort of those buildings which were
belonging to Jaral Rajas and destroyed during the
invasion of Maharaja Ranjit Singh on Kashmir.
• The Fort was completed in 1855 AD.
• The main intention for the construction of the Fort
was to keep Dogra Forces in this safer place because
from this place, the whole Valley of Rajouri could be
viewed.
• Apart from this during the Dogra regime, the revenue
was collected from the farmers in the shape of grains
and this grain was dumped in this Fort which was sold
later on. This Fort has been used by the defense in
the past.
CHINGUS FORT
• Chingus derives its name from the Persian name
‘Chingun’ which means ‘Intestines’ as Mughal sarai of
chingus is historically renowned for containing mortal

remains of Mughal Emperor Jehangir who died on
way from Kashmir to Delhi 1627 A.D.
TOURIST PLACES
DEHRA KI GALI
• This beautiful scenic spot is situated at a height of
plus 6600 feet above sea level, in the Pir Panjal Range
and is one of the passes connecting Rajouri and
Poonch districts.
• Famous shrine of Rattan Pir is also situated nearby.
LAL BAWLI
• At about 20 kms from Rajouri, on the Rajouri-
Thannamandi road this spring of fresh water abounds
with fish.
• It is believed that the spring is linked underground
with the lake NANDANSAR at the top of Pir Panjal.
• In case proper attention is given to the beautiful
scenic spot, it can prove more attractive than
Cheshma Shahi of Kashmir.
THANNAMANDI
• This is an important historical place right from the
time of Mughals, who used to stay there during their
journey from Delhi to Kashmir and vice-versa.
• An old Mughal Sarai still exists there which speaks of
its glorious time.
• The climate of this place is very charming and in fact
is a health resort.
• It is also famous for its artistic wooden products.
• The famous Shrine of Shahdara Sharief is just 6-7
kms. From this place.
DARHAL MALKAN
• In the northeast of Rajouri town, at a distance of 25
kms. DarhalMalkan, a bowl shaped valley surrounded
by gentle sloping mountains on all sides, is situated.
• Nature seems to have carved a stadium for the
prospective sport lovers, who could be attracted here
in thousands, if sport facilities were created.
• Enroute to Darhal is the Khanghah of Sain Ganj Baba,
which accords religious importance to this area.
• The perennial flow of limpid water in Darhal Tawi

adds more charm to its beauty.
KOTRANKA BUDHAL
• Kotranka at the distance of 40 kms is an attractive
tourist spot situated on the right bank of river Ans.
Famous personality
• Abdul Samad is an Indian cricketer who plays for
Jammu & Kashmir in domestic cricket and for Sunrisers
Hyderabad in the Indian Premier League.
• He is a right-handed batsman and right-arm leg-break
bowler.
• Abdul Samad is the third cricketer from Jammu &
Kashmir to feature in the IPL.

POONCH
HISTORY
➢Hiuen Tsang, the famous Chinese traveller crossed
through Poonch during 6th century. He later wrote
that this place was famous for good horses, graphics
and fine tea called Musloom.
➢District Poonch which is popularly known as mini
Kashmir is the smallest in area and the remotest
district of Jammu and Kashmir state. It is bounded by
the Actual Line of Control (ALC) from three sides.
➢Around 850 A.D., Poonch became a sovereign state
when Mr. Nar, a horse trader declared himself Raja
of Poonch .
➢Poonch (or Punch), called Prunts in the Kashmiri.
➢Poonch has witnessed many historical eras. Around
326 BC when Alexander the Great invaded the lower
Jhelum belt to fight with Porus, this region was known
as Dravabhisar.
➢In 1596, the Mughal emperor Jahangir made Raja
Siraj-Ud-Din Rathore, the descendant of Rao
Jodha and Rao Suraj Singh, the new ruler of Poonch.
Siraj-Ud-Din and his descendants Raja Shahbaz Khan

Rathore, Raja Abdul Razak Rathore, Raja Rustam
Rathore and Raja Bahadur Rathore ruled this area up
to 1798 AD.
➢From 1819 to 1846, Poonch was a part of the Sikh
Empire of Maharaja Ranjit Singh. Ranjit Singh granted
it as a jagir to Raja Dhian Singh, one of his nobles and
a brother of Raja Gulab Singh of Jammu.
➢ In 1846 Poonch was part of the territories
transferred to Gulab Singh, who became the
Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir under the suzerainty
of the British Raj. However, Poonch remained a jagir
under the descendants of Dhian Singh.
GEOGRAPHY
• The town is at elevation of 1,021 m (3,349 ft), on
the bank of the Poonch River at its point of
confluence with the Betar Nala.
• The Poonch river originates in the Pir Panjal range
and flows west till the town of Poonch, after
which it turns southwest.
• The District Poonch is popularly known as mini
Kashmir and is one among the remote districts of
the Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir.
• It is the place of Rishis & Munis and is at distance

of two hundred and fifty (250) Kms from Jammu
connected by National Highway.
TOURIST PLACES.
Mughal Road & Pir ki Gali
• A newly built road from Rajuri to Srinagar named
Mughal road is an alternative route in the summer. The
highest point is called Pir ki gali.
• In the ancient days Jahanjir used this road to reach the
Mughal Gardens at Srinagar from the Delhi Sultanate.
Multiple Sarais were made to rest in the night enroute.
Than Pir. …
• It is situated in Tehsil Mandi at a distance of 43 kms in
the north-east of Poonch town, on the tributary of
Doda Range of Mountains.
• From this commanding place, the overlooking view of
Suran Valley, Mandi, Poonch right up to Toli Pir in POK

is marvelous. There is a beautiful green pasture around

the shrine.
Nangali sahib Gurudwara

• Gurudwara Nangali Sahib is situated in the lap of a
picturesque hill and on the banks of Drungali Nallah
about six kms from Poonch Town.
• It is one of the oldest Shrine of the Sikhs in Northern
India.
• Gurudwara Sahib was established by Thakur Bhai Mela
Singh ji (Fourth successor of Sant Bhai Feru Singh ji) in
the 1803 AD.
• Maharaja Ranjit Singh visited Gurudwara Nangali Sahib
in 1814 and was impressed very much. He attached an
estate with the Gurudwara sahib.
• He again attached a four villages with the Gurudwara
sahib in the year 1823.
Buddha Amarnath.

• Baba Buddha Amarnath is situated at 290 kms North

West in Poonch district of Jammu and Kashmir.
Surrounded by Loran valley the place is breathtakingly
beautiful and serene.
• The temple is 4600 feet above the sea level and is
located alongside the river Pulasti.
Loran valley.
• Loran is a small village 35 kms. Away from Poonch

town and is situated at the foot of high mountains of
Pir Panjal range and is another attraction for the
tourists.
• Loran Nallah which flows through this beautiful
village makes the place more enchanting to the eyes.
• Loran was once the capital of Poonch state under
Hindu rulers upto 1542 A.D.
• It was then known as Loran-Kote. There are ruins of
the Lohar Kote fort which was once called the
Gateway of Kashmir.

Noori Chammb.
• Noori Chamb is a waterfall in the headwaters of the
Poonch River in Poonch district of Jammu and
Kashmir in India.
• It is named after the Mughal queen Nur Jahan.
• This place is linked with the Mughal history.
According to local legends, it is named after Nur
Jahan, the wife of emperor Jehangir. “Chamb” in local
terminology is water fall.
• On the way to Kashmir, Nur Jahan used to bath in the
waterfall.
POONCH FORT
• The Poonch Fort is a beautiful place to visit sprawling

across an area of 7,535 sq m, this grand historical
edifice bears stories of periods under the rule of the
Dogras, Sikhs and Muslims, within its thick walls.
• The foundation of this fort was laid in AD 1713 by
Raja Abdul Razaq Khan, but the construction of the
same was completed by his son Raja Rustam Khan,

between AD 1760 and 1787.

SAMBA
HISTORY
➢Famous as land of Rajput warriors, Samba town is
situated on the stream Basantar.
➢It is said that Samba was principally established
somewhere in 1400 A.D.
➢As per folklore, Malh Dev, the younger son of Rai
Saidu of Lakhanpur was the founder of Samba, who
married into the family of Ghotar a local tribesman.
➢After his marriage he stayed at Samba and made
himself the master of the tract with Samba as its
capital.
➢Samba ultimately came under the supremacy of
Jammu, during the period of Hari Dev in 1816 A.D.
➢In 1822, Suchet Singh younger brother of Raja Gulab
Singh was made the Raja of Bandralta and Samba.
➢Historically, Samba has been known for its 22
Mandies which were established by Raja Suchet
Singh to whom the District also owes the famous
Samba fort.

➢In 1846 A.D it was annexed to J&K by Maharaja Gulab

Singh making it an integral part of the state.
➢Four urban towns viz. Samba, Vijaypur, Ramgarh and
Bari Brahmana are also part of this District.
➢Famous as land of Rajput warriors, the district has
produced many gallant soldiers including the
recipient of the first gallantry award of Independent
India Brigadier Rajinder Singh.
➢Samba is also famous for traditional Calico Printing,
where local dyes and wooden blocks are used for
block printing of weaved cotton fabrics (bed sheets).
It is for this reason that it is also known as ‘City of
Sheets’.
SAMBA FORT
• The historical ‘Samba Fort’ was constructed in 1822 by
Maharaja Suchet Singh, but the successive
Governments and the concerned Department totally
neglected it.
GEOGRAPHY
• Samba is located at32.57°N 75.12°E and has an average
elevation of 384 m (1,260 ft).
• Samba is situated in the Shivalik Hills alongside the
National Highway 1-A on the bank of the Basantar
River, at a distance of 40 km (25 mi) from the city of

Jammu.
• The district covers Samba town and adjoining tehsils:
Vijaypur and village Supwal and Ghagwal tehsil of
Kathua. The district is separated from the Jammu
district by “Purmandal Bridge”. Samba is situated on
the bank of Basantar River.
• Samba district consists of four blocks: Samba, Vijay Pur,

Purmandal, and Ghagwal.
• The district shares the boundaries with district Jammu,

Udhampur and Kathua and is equidistant from the said
three District headquarters.
TOURIST PLACES
Baba Sidh Goria Shrine
• A very popular shrine where people in lakhs pay

obeisance annually and is presiding deity of many clans
is situated at a distance of 8 Kms from Vijaypur on
National Highway.
Utterbehani
• Utterbehni is another religious place situated on the
bank of legendary Devika and is having centuries old
temples located at a distance of five kms from
Purmandal.
Baba Chamliyal
• A shrine on zero line of Indo-Pak border is visited by
Hundreds of Thousand pilgrims from both the sides of
India as well as from Pakistan and attracts world media
during the annual congregation.
Chichi Mata
• It is situated on National Highway only 2 Kms from
Samba town and is very famous temple of the region.
• It attracts tourists and pilgrims throughout the year.
PURMANDAL
• Purmandal (also called Chhota Kashi) is a village
located on the Devika River in Samba district, Jammu
and Kashmir, India.
• Purmandal Temple, dedicated to Parvati, is built on
the west bank of the river. A number of other temples
are dedicated to Shiva.
Mansar lake
• History of Mansar is of the time of Mahabharata.
Babar Vahan (son of Arjuna and Ulpi) was the ruler of
this area during that time.
• After the war, Arjuna performed a ritual called
“Ashwamegh Yagya” to prove his mettle and vantage
over the land. Babar Vahan captured the horse which
was the power symbol of the yagya at Khoon village
near Dhar Udhampur road where later on Babar
Vahan killed arjuna.
• After the victory, Babar Vahan shared his success with
his mother by presenting the head of Arjuna to her.
• After knowing that Arjuna was the father of Babar, he
wanted to get Arjuna back. Therefore, he had to
procure Mani from sheshnag.
• For that, Babar Vahan made a tunnel with his arrow
which was known as Surangsar. After defecting
sheshnag and capturing the mani, he came out of
Manisar(Mansar), that was the other end of
the tunnel.
• It become ramsar site in nov. 2005.

REASI
HISTORY
➢Reasi is a town situated at the bank of River Chenab.
➢In the eighth century, Reasi was a part of the
Bhimgarh state established by Bhim Dev. The name
Reasi is derived from the town’s old name “Rasyal”.
➢The erstwhile Bhimgarh State, which is now called
Reasi, was established by Bhim Dev in the 8th Century
AD.
➢In 1810, during the rule of Diwan Singh, Jammu was
under turmoil. It was at this time that Maharaja
Ranjit Singh sent Gulab Singh to take control. Gulab
Singh came down heavily on the rebels and
established the rule of law. After defeating the rebels
in the Reasi area, he handed over the administration
to his trusted commander, General Zorawar Singh.
➢Reasi district is one of the 20 districts in the J&K,
which came in to existence on 1 April 2007.
➢The state of Jammu and Kashmir has very limited coal
deposits. It is the Reasi in which coal of anthracite
qual-ity found.
➢Reasi is looking forward to have the World’s tallest

bridge by December 2019. Chenab Bridge (359
meters) being built by Konkan Railways.
GEOGRAPHY
• Reasi is located at a distance of 64 km from Jammu
and is bounded by Tehsil Gool-Gulabgarh in the
north, Tehsil Sunderbani and Kalakote of District
Rajouri in the west, Tehsil Udhampur in the east,
Tehsils Jammu and Akhnoor of District Jammu on
the south.
• Situated at the bank of River Chenab
SALAL HYDROELECTRIC POWER PROJECT
• Salal Dam, also known as Salal Hydroelectric Power
Station, is a run-of-the-river hydropower project on
the Chenab River in the Reasi district of the Jammu and
Kashmir.
• It was the first hydropower project built by India in
Jammu and Kashmir under the Indus Water
Treaty regime.
BHIMGARH FORT.

• This is an historical fort built by Gen. Zorawar Singh, the

famous Dogra General who repelled the Chinese from
Ladakh.
• The fort is built on the bank of River Anji at a hillock. It
is also an attraction for the tourist visiting Reasi.
TOURIST PLACES
Vaishno Devi
• The Vaishno Devi cave, discovered many centuries
ago, was founded in the real sense by Maharaja Gulab
Singh in 1846 when he donated Rs 5 lakh towards the
development of the shrine.
• Vaishno Devi shrine is located in the lap of Trikuta
hills which is 13 Kms from base camp Katra, which is
one of the prominent town of District Reasi and 63
kms from Jammu city.
• The Shrine is famous pilgrimage centre in Jammu and
Kashmir state.
SHIV KHORI
• Shiv Khori is one of them located in Ransoo a village
in the Pouni block in Reasi district, which attracts
lakhs of devotees annually.
• Shiv Khori is situated in between the hillocks about

140 km north of Jammu, 120 km from Udhampur and
80 km from Katra.
• It is said that Lord Shiva made this cave from his
trishul (trident) in order to avoid demon Bhashmasur
when he was chasing after him.
• He resided here for some time with Goddess Parvati
and Nandi.
BABA AGHAR JITTO JI
• Baba Aghar Jitto a spiritual devotee of Shri Mata
Vaishno Devi.
• A farmer sacrified his life for getting due right share
of agriculture crop from Jagirdar Bir Singh who denied
to give the committed share.
• This is why he scarified his life for getting his right &
became famous among the farmers, have a attraction
for yatries also.
• The statue of Baba Jitto is situate near road side in
the lap of Shri Mata Vaishno Devi.
BABA DHANSAR
• The holy place of Baba Dhansar is located at Karua
Jheel (Pond) near village Karua, 17 km

from Reasi towards Katra in Reasi district of Jammu &

Kashmir State, India.
• It is a mythological belief that when Lord Shiva went
to the Amarnath cave to tell Parvati the story of his
immortality, he left his serpent
king, Sheshnag at Anantnag. Shesh Nag came in the
human form as Vasudev.
• One of the sons of Vasudev was Dhansar who was a
saintly person.
• As the local belief goes, in the ancient times there
was a demon who lived near Karua Jheel(lake) and
committed atrocities on the people of village Karua.
• The villagers sought help of Baba Dhansar to get rid of
the Demon.
• It is believed that Baba Dhansar prayed to Lord
Shiva for help.
• Lord Shiva arrived and helped in killing the Demon.
The temple of Baba Dhansar and a cave of Lord Shiva
near Karua Jheel has become a place of worship.
• Karua Jheel is considered sacred where bathing is not
permitted.
• However, the devotees may take a bath downstream.
People believe that their wishes are fulfilled if they
take bath in the stream and pray with complete faith.

• A large number of devotees visit the place every year

on the day of Mahashivratri when an annual fete
(mela) is organized.
• This place is hometown of actor Sumit Raina.
DERA BABA BANDA BAHADUR JI
• Dera Baba banda is another place of the tourist
attraction. Baba Banda Singh was a famous saint
soldier of Guru Govind Singh.
• A Gurdwara on the bank of Chinab is reminding
memories of his time. He spent his last days here.
• This place is considered as a major pilgrimage center
for Hindus & Sikhs situated in Bhabbar area of District
Reasi.
• People from outside state also come to this place for
pilgrimage particularly on the festival of Baisakhi in the
month of April every year.
Ziarat Baji Ismail Sahib:-

• Ziarat of Baji Mian Mohammed Ismail Sahib is
situated at Jandi Morh near Bharakh village in Reasi.
• It is a place of great faith and worship among all
sections of society, irrespective of caste , greed and
colour. Thousands of devotees visits the Ziarat
through out the year and also participated in the

annual urs and sought blessing of Baji Mian Ismail
Sahib.

RAMBAN
History
➢The Dogras constructed a pacca building near present
Ramban and a wooden bridge for the crossing of
Chenab River. Sukhdev Singh Chadak writes in his
book ‘Maharaja Ranbir Singh’ that Maharaja passed
order for a cart road from Jammu to Srinagar via
Banihal and a suspension bridge over Chenab River at
Ramban
➢It lies on the banks of the Chenab river in Chenab
Valley on the National Highway-1A (now NH-44) at
about 150 km from Jammu and about 150 km from
Srinagar, making it almost the central point on the
Jammu-Srinagar National Highway.
➢Before the formation of the J&K State in 1846, there
was a small village consisting of 15 houses on the
right bank of Chenab river known as Nashband (later
‘Ramban’). … In this process, Ramban got the status
of halting station for the royal Carvans.

➢This road became national highway and now it is

being converted into four lanes. With the
development of this road, the halting station Ramban
also developed a lot and now it has got the status of
District Headquarters.
GAJPAT FORT
• There is an important fort known as Gajpat Fort on
the top of the mountain.
• It is said that once Sheikh Abdullah was kept
imprisoned in this fort for several days.
• In 1825, Gulab Singh imprisoned Raja Sultan Khan of
Bimbar in this fort.
• Sultan Khan died there and was buried at
Chanderkote.
• In 1858 Mean Hathu Singh, the Governor of Rajouri,
and close relatives of Maharaja revolted against the
state government and tried to kill Maharaja Ranbir
Singh.
• Mian Hathu was arrested and moved to Gajpat fort.
GEOGRAPHY
• Ramban district is 1,156 metres (3,792 feet) above

sea level (on average).
• The boundary lines of Ramban district encompass hill
station Patnitop as its southernmost point, Assar on
its eastern edge, Gool to the west, and Banihal to the
north.
• The terrain of district Ramban is tough and hilly.
• Tehsils: Banihal; Ramban; Khari; Rajgarh; Batote;
Gool; Pogal Paristan; Ramsoo
TOURIST PLACES
RAJA SHANKHPAL
• Sankhpal is a world famous trek in middle Himalayas of
Jammu region.
• It is 130 KMS from Jammu city. The Sankhpal trek has
the shrine Raja Sankhpal the presiding deity of the
region as the culminating point.
• The trek is through Alpine Meadows and involves a
length of seven KMS.
• The trekkers need to negotiate an ascent of three
thousand feet’s. It affords 360 view of Seoj Dhar, Pir
Panjal and Trikuta peaks.
• This sacred temple is 400 years old temple and is

situated in sanasar this shankhpal temple comes after
10 kilometres of track from sanasar.
GHORA GALI
• Ghora Gali is an ancient sculptural marvel situated in
village Gool on Gool-Sangaldan road 50 km from district
headquarter Ramban and 200 km from Jammu.
• A treasure-trove of large stone sculptures spread in 4-5

kanals (area), the relics is houses are believed to be
personally sculpted by the Pandavas during the age of
Mahabharata.
• The art work on these stones is very fine and depicts a

high form of artistic skill of the time.
• Even after thousands of years, the art on these

sculptures remains absolutely explicit.
• It is believed that wherever the Pandavas stayed in

district Ramban or Reasi, they continued the work of
stone engraving.
SANASAR
• Sanasar is a tourist destination and the name given to

the two small villages of Sana and Sar in Ramban
District, Jammu and Kashmir.
DAGANTOP
• Dogan Top is situated about 10kms from Gool on Gool-
Mahore road.
• It is situated at an altitude of nearly 2000 metres above
thesea level and offers a panoramic view of the Gool
town.
• The area has lush green meadows and offers excellent
opportunity for winter games like skiing and snow
sledges.
• The paragliding can also be done here.
• A helipad is located at the top.In summer months cool
breeze is swirling around.
MAHU VALLEY
This is a beautiful tourism place in district Ramban.
TATTA PANI

• This place is famous for the sulphur spring whose

water is believed to have miraculous healing powers.
It is located at about 40kms from the Ramban town.
• Thousands of people throng the place from June to
ending November every year from within and outside
the state particularly from neighboring Punjab state
to take a dip in these revered spring to get rid
themselves of ailments particularly Dermatitis and
Arthritis.
POGAL PARISTAN
• Pogal Paristan is a valley in the mountains of Jammu

Division, in the Indian union territory of Jammu and
Kashmir.
• Since 2014 its area has constituted a
separate tehsil within Ramban district. The valley is
situated about 35 kilometers far District
Headquarter Ramban and 23 kilometers from Sub-
District Banihal.
• It is situated in Ramban District in Chenab Valley
which is located 150 Kilometers from Jammu making
it almost the central point on the national highway
(NH-44).

BAGLIHAR DAM
• Baglihar Dam (Hindi: Baglihār Bāndh), also known as
Baglihar Hydroelectric Power Project, is a run-of-the-
river power project on the Chenab River in
the Ramban district.
• The first power project executed by the Jammu and
Kashmir Power Development Corporation, it was
conceived in 1992 and approved in 1996, with
construction begun in 1999. The project was
estimated to cost US$1 billion.
• The project consists of two-stage of 450MW each.
The first stage of the project was completed in 2008-
09 and was dedicated to the nation by the Prime
Minister Manmohan Singh of India.
• The second stage of the project was completed in
2015–16, and was subsequently dedicated to the
nation by the Prime Minister Narendra Modi of India.
THALI DANCE
➢Thali Dance was popular among people of Ramban in
old time who used to perform it during Kirtan or
Jagrans to appease local deities.
FAMOUS CUISINE
RAJMA CHAWAL
➢Rajma Chawal served with chutney of Anardana
(Pomegranate) is a famous dish in Peerah, a town
in Ramban district of Jammu & Kashmir, and
Assar/Baggar in Doda district of Jammu & Kashmir.
FAMOUS PERSONALITY
Sh. T. S. Thakur
➢Born on 4 January 1952 was the 43rd Chief Justice of
India (CJI). He was appointed Chief Justice of India on
18 November 2015, with effective date 3 December
2015, succeeding Justice H. L. Dattu who retired as
CJI on 2 December 2015, on turning 65 years in age.
➢He was sworn in by President Pranab Mukherjee. He
retired on 4 January 2017 on turning of 65 years of
age.

KISHTAWAR
History
“The Land of Saffron and Sapphire “
➢KISHTWAR the land of Saffron and Sapphire is nestled

in the lap of beautiful & Majestic “CHOWGAN”
endowed with a high degree of Natural Beauty,
crowned with Naginshiru” peak to its North and
mighty river “CHENAB ” under its feet.
➢Existence of Kishtwar goes back to the period of
Mahabharata time when it was called “LOHIT
MANDAL” meaning the land of Saffron. According to
some historians, it was previously called
“KASHYAPWAS” meaning place of Kashyap Rishi.
Kishtwar town has a great historic significance. It has
remained the capital of Erstwhile Kishtwar State upto
1821 AD.

➢Kishtwar is the upland valley in Northeast corner of

Jammu lies among the picturesque folds of the GREAT
HIMALYAN Range. The area is drained by Chenab river
system which is flowing from Himachal and enters the
area at Padder.
➢Kishtwar District is bounded on North by Kashmir &
Zanskar, on South by Doda , the East by Himachal
Pardesh and on the West by Anantnag & Ramban
Districts.
➢Dacchan, Marwah,Wadwan, Padder &Chatroo are

major valleys and Tourist Spots of Kishtwar, through
these valleys the Internationally renowned Trans-
Himalayan Treks are leading to Suru,Zanskar and
Kashmir.
➢Kishtwar the land of saffron, sapphire and shrines was

an independent hilly state during the medieval
period. Maharaja Gulab Singh, the Dogra ruler of
Jammu annexed it in 1821 AD.

➢Kishtwar was carved out as a district from Doda

district and started functioning as an independent
administrative unit in the year 2007.
➢Kishtwar town, the headquarters of Kishtwar
District is situated at a distance of 211.5 km
(131.4 mi) from the winter capital of Jammu.
➢Kishtwar is also known as the “Land of Kishat rishi,
Sapphire and Saffron”, as kishat rishi was the saint
who lived here and there is mine a huge mine of
Sapphire in Paddar area and rich cultivation of Saffron
in Pochhal area in Kishtwar district.
➢A large ground locally called as Chowgan is located in
the heart of the town.
➢Kishtwar is surrounded by the
districts Anantnag and Doda and also touches the
boundaries of state Himachal Pradesh.
➢Kishtwar is well-connected by roads to other places in
Jammu and Kashmir and rest of India as several
highways and roads pass through Kishtwar
including NH 244.
GEOGRAPHY
• Kishtwar district is a district of the Indian union
territory of Jammu and Kashmir.

• As of 2011, it is the largest and least populous

district of Jammu and Kashmir.
• It is situated on the banks of the Chenab River.
• Kishtwar district has a total area of 7,737 square
kilometres (2,987 sq mi).
• The district is bordered by Kargil district in the east,
Chamba district to the south, Anantnag district to
the north and Anantnag and Doda districts to the
west.
TOURIST PLACES
Shrine of Shah Asrar
• Shrine of Shah Asrar is situated in southeast of
Chowgan.
• It is a highly revered shrine and is one of the prime
tourist attractions in Kishtwar.
Kishtwar High Altitude National Park
• Spread in an area of around 2190 sq km, Kishtwar
National Park or Kishtwar High Altitude National Park
is one of the major wildlife destinations in Jammu &
Kashmir.
• The national park in Kishtwar attracts wildlife lovers
with its rich flora & fauna which comprises musk deer
and Himalayan brown bear.
• The wildlife reserve offers great trekking opportunity

adding more to the thrill of exploration.
• History of Kishtwar National Park:

• Kishtwar National Park was declared a national park
on February 4, 1981.
• The national park boasts a large number of wildlife
species like:
Brown Bear
Snow Leopard
Himalayan Black bear
Musk Deer
Indian Muntijal
Ibex

Markhor
Serow
Wild boar
Bharal
Rhesus Macaque
Hangul or Kashmiri Stag
Birds in Kishtwar National Park
Kishtwar National Park is home to a wide variety of bird

species like:
Himalayan Monal
Himalayan Snowcock
Koklass
Bearded Vulture
Himalayan Snowcock
Western Tragopan Himalayan Jungle crow
Griffon Vulture
Paradise Flycatcher
Golden Oriole
White Cheeked Bulbul

Machail Mata Yatra in Kishtwar, Jammu &
Kashmir

• Dedicated to Goddess Durga, Machail Mata Mandir is a

popular Hindu temple in Machail Village in Paddar,
Kishtwar.
• The temple also known as Machail Mata Sthan is set
amidst beautiful landscape comprising the green rolling
hills, glaciers and tributaries of the Chenab River.
• The temple is also known as Chandi Mata Shrine as
Goddess Durga is also called Chandi
Chowgan
• Scenic place in Kishtwar is surrounded by Chinar,
Deodar and different kinds of trees and spreads in an
area of 165-acre.
Sinthan Top in Kishtwar, Jammu & Kashmir.
• Located between South Kashmir’s Breng Valley and

Kishtwar, Sinthan Top is a mountain pass which is one
of the most popular tourist attractions in the region.
• At a height of 3800 m, Sinthan Top draws many
tourists with 360° gorgeous views of both Jammu
Region and Kashmir Region.
• Being covered in snow throughout the year, this

must-see place in Kishtwar attracts snow lovers as
well.
MUGHAL MAIDAN, KISHTWAR
• Mughal Maidan is about 24 km from Kishtwar it is the
place where Mughals had fought a war against
Kishtwar via Simthan and Singhpora.
• One of the beautiful treks starts from here which go
to Kashmir valley via Singhpora.
• It passes through at a height of 11,570 feet and
culminates at Vailo near Kokarnag.
• Another trek just before Mughal maidan leads to
Dacchan Wadwan Valley. Mughal Maidan is situated
on the bank of Chhatroo river.
• The slopes adjacent Mughal Maidan are full of thick
forests that are rich in wild-life. Mughal Maidan has a
very small but old shops.
Warwan valley
• It is a beautiful valley lies in Kishtawar District.
Warwan river flows through it.
Cuisine
• The staple food of Kishtwar is rice.
• They take plenty of vegetables but the favorite dish is

the Khamira (Pathur) and sag.
Dams
Dul Hasti dam
• It is on the Chenab river. It has a capacity of 390 MW.
Pakal dul dam

• The Pakal Dul Dam is an under construction concrete-
face rock-fill dam on the Marusudar river.

KATHUA
History
➢Though there is no detailed and fully documented
history of Kathua district. It is believed that One Jodh
Singh a famous Rajput of Andotra clan migrated from
HASTINAPUR to KATHUA nearly 2000 years ago and
settled here.
➢The three Hamlets of Taraf Tajwal, Taraf Manjali and
Taraf Bhajwal were established by his three sons Viz.
Teju, Kindal and Bhaju. Their descendent are now
called as Tajwalia, Bhajwalia and Khanwalia Rajputs of
Andotra sub-caste.
➢The conglomeration of these three hamlets was
loosely called “KATHAI” in earlier times which with
the passage of time came to be called as KATHUA.
➢GRREK historians, who provide an insight into the
ancient history of JAMMU HILLS prominently record
the existence of two powerful empires of Abhisara
(Present day POONCH) and KATHAIOI at the time of
invasion of India by ALEXANDER.

➢Strabo describes KATHAIOI as a mighty republic of

that era located in the foot hills along river RAVI. The
topography of KATHAIOI corresponds with the
present day KATHUA.
➢Starbo describes the people of the republic as epitone
of bravery and courage and records that they gave a
tough fight to invading Army of ALEXANDER.
➢DOGRI & PAHARI are the main languages spoken.
Hindi, English and Urdu are the main medium of
education. Offcial language is Urdu.
GEOGRAPHY
• Kathua is located at 32.37°N 75.52°E.It has an average
elevation of 393 metres (1,289 ft). The city is
surrounded by three rivers.
• Ravi is just 7 km down Kathua while ujjh is about 11
km ahead on Jammu Highway.
• Kathua itself is situated along the banks of a khad
which has been heavily polluted and encroached over
there years and this has become a drain of sewage,
dividing it into two boroughs: Parliwand, meaning the
other side; and Orliwand, meaning this side.
• Itself being a Plain the area is surrounded in the North
by snow capped Sivalik hills. Kathua lies 88 kilometres
south of Jammu.
Tourist places
Sukrala Mata Temple
• This holy place is situated in the tehsil billawar district
Kathua(J&K) which is near about 3.5 kms from
jammu.
• It is one of the oldest and famous temple in billawar.
Ranjit sagar Dam

• Bordering three Ststes, Punjab, Himachal and Jammu
and Kashmir, this huge waterbody can be viewed
from every state .
• The Ranjit Sagar Dam, also known as the Thein Dam,
is part of a hydroelectric project constructed by the
Punjab Irrigation Department on the Ravi River on the
border of two states of India, Jammu and Kashmir and
Punjab.
Mata Bala Sundri

• The Historic holy shrine of Bala ji Sundri is situated on

the outskirts of Village Parole, 13 Kms from Kathua.
The temple is situated amidst a grove of mango trees.
• According to legend, one Brahmin was cutting grass
and his sickle struck with a stone which started oozing
blood. A dream at night commanded him to place the
stone under a Banyan tree for worship.
• The stone considered to be re-incarnation of holy
goddess was lateron enshrined in the temple.
Jodia Di Mata
• Jodia Di Mata Temple is situated at a distance of
about 4 km from Banjal in Kathua.
• This temple is located 7000 ft above sea level in the
lap of nature.
• Devotees in a large number visit this temple during
the popular Hindu festival, Navratras.
Duggan Valley
• It is situated at 7000 ft. It is charming valley spreading
to one Kms in width and 5 kms in length with fresh
water streams flowing from both sides. .
• It is blanked with thick CHIR, DEODHAR and SHRUBS.
BANI
• Bani is a small glaciated valley located at a height of

4200 ft in the lap of lofty mountains.
• Town Bani is flourished along the river ‘SEWA’. Bani
experiences temperate and pollar type of climate.
Purthu Beach
• Purthu Beach is an artificial beach on the right bank of
River Ravi (Ranji Sagar Dam).
• It is in Basohli town in Kathua district in Jammu and
Kashmir.
• It is known as Mini Goa.
SARTHAL
• It is a beautiful meadow situated at a height of 7000
ft which remains covered with snow for six months.
• The area is bounded by snow clad mountains. It is
connected to Bhaderwah and to Himachal Pardash. It
is 20 Kms from Bani .
Dhoula wali mata.

• Dhoula Wali Mata is a religious center. A large
number of pilgrims come and offer their prayers,
especially during Navratras.

• According to a popular belief, a Shephered once

dreamt that Mata had come to Mandhi Dhar.
• He went to Mandhi Dhar where Goddess gave
Darshan to him as a little girl.
• The Shepherd started worshipping the goddess
regularly. It is said that once it snowed very heavily.
The Shepherd who was a regular worshiper ran to
Mandhi Dhar to worship her.
• Realising the difficulty of the shepherd, she said she
shall go to where Dhouli Wali Mata is situated now.
The shepherd built a temple at Dhouli Wali Mata.
• This place is located 10 Kms from Jodia Di Mata at a
height of 6000 ft. People have to treck to reach this
beautiful spot. It can be reached from Katli
(Billawarr), Bhoond (Basohli), Banhore (Mahanpur).
Regular Bus service is available from Kathua, Jammu,
Udhampur, Pathankote to reach Billawar, Bhoond,
Basohli, Mahanpur. Sarais are available at the Shrine.
Banjal
• It is a colouful area with lot of flowers blooming also
known as “GARDEN OF NATURAL FLOWERS’.

Airwan Temple
• It is a famous Shiva Temple located at village Airwan
near Parole about 15 Kms. From Kathua.
• The 4th century old temple is believed to have been
constructed by King Vikramditya.
Basohli paintings.
• Basohli painting, school of Pahari miniature painting
that flourished in the Indian hill states during the late
17th and the 18th centuries, known for its bold vitality
of colour and line.
• The colours are always brilliant, with ochre yellow,

brown, and green grounds predominating.
• It was founded by Raja Bhupat Pal in the 16th century.

Basholi paintings are considered as the first school of
Pahari paintings.
• The most popular theme of Basohli painters was the
Rasamanjari of Bhanu Datta.
Jasrota fort
• It was Hira Singh who built the present fort at Jasrota,
although its foundations date from around the 12th or
13th century and had been developed as a fortified

town by Dev rulers thereafter with “palatial buildings,
Baradaris, shrines, water tanks etc.”
Jasmergarh Fort
• The prime source of attraction inside the fort is the
sanctorum of Mahakali which has now been
converted into a temple.
• The temple of Mahakali inside the fort is a place of
attraction not only for the people from Hiranagar and
adjoining villages.
• A jail complex is also present inside fort, in front of
temple.
• This fort is also built by king Hira.

ANANTNAG
History
➢Anantnag also known by the name of Islamabad.
➢It is however, said that the name of Islamabad was
assigned to the town by one Islam Khan who was the
Governor of Kashmir during the Mughal rule in 1663
A.D but the change in its nomenclature proved
temporary and during the reign of Gulab Singh the
town as well as district again resumed their old name,
Anantnag.
➢Anantnag is regarded as the commercial and financial
capital of the Kashmir valley. It is a large business and
trading centre of the valley.
➢Anantnag exists the confluence of three streams,
Arapath, Brengi and Sandran, and the resulting river is
named Veth or Jhelum.
➢It is the third largest city in Jammu and Kashmir after
Srinagar and Jammu.
➢Anantnag District is in southern part of Jehlum
Valley.
➢The entire Southern part of the district, which is

contiguous with tehsils of Reasi, Banihal and Kishtwar
of Jammu province, and Eastern sector which is
contiguous with tehsil Kargil of Ladakh division
comprises of thick forests and mountains.
➢The Northern and Western sides of this district are
bounded by Pulwama district while Kulgam district
falls in its west.
➢Anantnag has the largest number of streams.
➢The most important among these is Lidder which
takes its water from Sheshnag lake and irrigate
maximum area of the district.
➢The Pir Panjal range lies in Anantnag district which
stretches in its South and South-East.
➢The name of Anantnag District according to a well
known archaeologist, Sir A.Stein from the great spring
Ananta Naga.
➢Anantanag is also known as“land of countless
springs”.
➢The spring is mentioned in the Neelmat Purana as a
sacred place for the Hindus.
➢Before the advent of Muslim rule in 1320 A.D.,
Kashmir was divided into three divisions, viz; Maraz in
the south, Yamraj in the centre and Kamraj in the
north of the Valley.
➢Old chronicles reveal that the division was the

culmination of the rift Marhan and Kaman, the two
brothers.
➢The part of the valley which lies between Pir Panjal
and Srinagar now called the Anantnag was given to
Marhan and named after him as Maraj.
➢While Srinagar is no longer known as Yamraj, the area
to its north and south are still called Kamraz and
Maraz respectively.
GEOGRAPHY
• Anantnag district has a total area of 3,574 square
kilometres (1,380 sq mi).
• The district is bordered by Kargil district and Kishtwar
district in the east, Doda district and Ramban district
to the south and Ganderbal district to the north and
Kulgam, Srinagar, Pulwama and Shopian districts to
the west.
TOURIST PLACES

Verinag
• Verinag is famous for the Verinag spring and Mughal

garden in Anantnag district .
• Verinag is also the first tourist spot of Kashmir
Valley when travelling by road from Jammu.
• There is an octagonal stone basin at Verinag Spring
and an arcade surrounding it which were built by
Mughal emperor Jahangir in 1620 A.D.
• Later, a beautiful garden next to this spring, was laid
out by his son Shah Jahan.
• Verinag Spring is also the major source of
river Jhelum.
• Verinag Spring and Mughal Arcade surrounding it is
officially recognized by Archaeological Survey of
India as a Monument of National Importance.
• Jahangir wished to be buried at Verinag.
Achabal
• The place is notable for an ancient spring surrounded

by a garden terraced and developed by the Mughals.
• The upper portion of the garden is called ‘Bag-e-
Begum Abad’ developed by Malika Noor Jehan Begum
in 1616 AD and renowned as Sahib Abad in which

there is a Hamam (treasure of water) getting heat
from a logical lamp (Tosnag).
• A mosque standing in the garden is believed to have
been constructed by Mughal Prince Dara Shikwah.
• According to Kalhana’s Rajatarangini Achabal was
founded by Akṣa son of King Nara II of Gonandiya
dynasty.
Amarnath cave
• The cave is situated at an altitude of 3,888 m.

• The shrine represents an important part of Hinduism,
and is considered to be one of the holiest shrines in
Hinduism.
• The cave is covered with snow most of the year,
except for a short period of time in summer when it is
open to pilgrims.
• Sage Bhrigu was the first to have discovered
Amarnath.

Aru Valley
• The Aru valley is noted for its scenic meadows.

• The village is a base camp for trekkers to the Kolahoi
Glacier, the Tarsar-Marsar lakes and the Katrinag
valley.
Beetab Valley
• The valley got its name from the Sunny Deol-Amrita

Singh hit debut film Betaab.
• The Valley is towards northeast of Pahalgam and falls
between Pahalgam and Chandanwadi and is en
route Amarnath Temple Yatra.
Tulian Lake
• Tulian Lake a lake and tourist

destination at Pahalgam in Anantnag District.
• It is located in a meadow dotted with pine forests.
Botanical Garden Kokernag
• It was established in 1969.

• New lawns have been laid and about One Lakh
ornamental plants, trees, bushes, roses, as well as
flora from the wild niches of higher range has been
planted.
Sheeshnag Lake
• The lake is named after Sheshnag – the divine serpent

as per Hindu mythology.
• It is said that the serpent dug this lake and made it
his abode, where he still resides.

• The lake is regarded sacred since ancient times as it

lies on the pilgrimage route to the holy Amarnath
Caves.
Martand sun temple

• The Martand Sun Temple, also known as Pandou
Laidan, is a Hindu temple located near the city
of Anantnag.
• It was dedicated to Surya.
• The Martand Sun Temple was built by Lalitaditya
Muktapida, the third maharaja of Kashmir under
the Karkota dynasty, in the 8th century CE.
• The temple was destroyed by the Shah Miri dynasty in
the 15th century, on the orders of the
erstwhile Muslim ruler of Kashmir, Sikandar Shah Miri.
Chandanwari

• Chandanwari is famous for being the base, or starting

point, to the famous Hindu pilgrimage site, Shri
Amarnath Yatra.
• Is situated at an elevation of 2,895 meters.
• It is blessed with picturesque beauty, with the Lidder
River flowing closeby, and is famous for its
sightseeing opportunities, as it is surrounded by
snowcapped mountains.
Baisaran
• Baisaran Valley, located just 5 kilometers away from
Pahalgam in the Anantnag district of Kashmir, is
famous as a top sightseeing destination, called mini-
Switzerland because of its picturesque beauty.
• It’s a hilltop green meadow dotted with dense pine
forests and surrounded by snowcapped mountains.
• It also serves as a campsite for trekkers going to
Tulian Lake.

Aishmuqam Shrine
• This Shrine is considered as one of the most visited
and prominent shrine’s in Kashmir.
• This Shrine was constructed in the honour of Shiekh
Zain-ud-din, who was one among chief disciples
of Nund Rishi.
• This place is considered sacred by many people from
different religions.
Daksum Valley
• Daksum located in the green forests of Jammu
andKashmir, at Anantnag-Semthan-Kishtwar road is a
natural scenic spot.
Ziarat Baba Hyder Reshi Shrine

• Ziarat Baba Hyder Reshi is a well known shrine that is

located in Danter village in Anantnag District.
Kokernag
• Kokernag is a sub-district town and a notified area

committee in Brengi Valley .
• It is known as “Golden Crown of Kashmir”.
• The place is known for its gardens, pristine freshwater
springs and rainbow trout farms.
Pahalgam
• Pahalgam is famous for its scenic beauty and is the

jewel of the picturesque Liddar valley located in the
high Himalayas.
• It provides an ideal setting for activities like hiking,
trekking, and fishing.
• It is also the starting point of the annual pilgrimage to
the holy cave of Amarnath.

Rajparian Wildlife Sanctuary

• Rajparian Wildlife Sanctuary or Daksum Wildlife
Sanctuary is a protected area located in Anantnag
district.
• It is established in 1981.
• The Rajparian Wildlife Sanctuary is abode to many
species of animals including the Himalayan black
bear, hangul, and musk deer.
Overa Aru wildlife sanctuary

• The Overa-Aru Wildlife Sanctuary is a protected
area in Aru Valley near Pahalgam .
• It is on the periphery of the two villages of Overa and
Aru.
• The sanctuary spreads over 511 square kilometres .
• It was declared a game reserve in 1945 under
the Dogra Rule and later upgraded to a sanctuary in
1981.

• The Overa-Aru Wildlife Sanctuary lies in the Lidder

Forest Division in Anantnag District of the Kashmir
province. It is bordered to the north by Sind
Valley and to the west by Dachigam National Park.

KULGAM
History
➢Kulgam district is a district located at a distance of 18
km towards south-west of Anantnag.
➢This town is on the bank of river Veshaw across the
spread of which are the foothills of the Pir Panjal
mountains.
➢Kulgam, came into existence after being carved out
from District Anantnag in 2007.
➢Tazkira Sadat-i-Simanania, compiled by 13th-century
scholar and poet Swaleh Reshi, gives the name of
place as “Shampora”.
➢Syed Hussain Simnani later renamed it “Kulgam”
(kul for ‘clan’ and gam for ‘village’ in Sanskrit).
➢Syed Simnan came from a place called Simnan in Iran.
Travelling in the Kashmir valley, he came to Kulgam
and liked the spot on a cliff overlooking the
river Veshaw. He made Kulgam his permanent abode
and was buried at the very spot which he had found
fascinating.

➢The family of Syed Simnan is buried in a nearby village

called Amun.
➢Simnani is said to have invited Hazrat Amir Kabir Mir
Hamdani to Kashmir with poets including Sheikh
Noor-ud-din Noorani and Lal Ded.
➢The area had been a hunting place for Mughal
emperors and Dogra rulers, especially for Shahanshah
Shah Jehan, who laid the Chinarbagh,and
Maharaja Hari Singh, who discovered the virgin
potential of sanctuary at Kutbal.
➢The District is the birthplace of Sheikh Noor-ud-din
Noorani, the founder of the Rishi order, and of the
forefathers of Allama Iqbal and Jawaharlal Nehru.
➢Shaikh Nur-ud-din also known as Nund Rishi, was a
Kashmiri saint who belonged to the Rishi order and is
also called Alamdar-e-Kashmir.
➢A new archaeological site in a nearby village called
Kutbal which has yielded signs of having been home
to a first-century civilization as some artifacts
belonging to the period of Kushana kings appeared in
Kulgam district.
➢The old Kulgam is situated on the banks of “Kaval”.
➢Kulgam is called the granery of Kashmir Valley.
➢Kulgam is called the granery of Kashmir Valley.

➢Kulgam is famous being the first seat of missionaries

of Islam as before Hazrat Sayeed Ali Hamdani, he sent
Sayeed Mohmmad Hussain SImnani to Kashmir to
preach for Islam. Sayeed Simnani chose Kulgam as a
permanent seat.
➢Kulgam is famous for its lacquered woodwork.
GEOGRAPHY
• Kulgam is situated near the Pir Panjal Ranges,
overlooking the left bank of Veshaw River, along a
rough, hilly road from Larow.
• Nallah Veshav, which drains most of the northern
face of Pir Panjal, is the main left-bank tributary of
the Jhelum River and traverses through District
Kulgam.
TOURIST PLACES
PANCHANPATHRI
• It is open lush ground lined by alpine trees and a cool

stream flowing through it, it serves as an idyllic picnic
spot.
SYED SIMNANIA ZIYARAT
• Syed Simnania left an indelible mark on the people

through his life and teachings, no visit to Kulgam can
be complete without a visit to his Astaan (Shrine).
ZIYARAT SHARIEF SHEIKH UL AALAM (RA)
CHIMMER
• Sheikh ul Aalam (RA) may well be considered the

patron saint of Kulgam.
• Sheikh-Ul-Alam (RA) was born and brought up in
Qaimoh. He had spent most of his life in Qaimoh. At
the age of 30, he left for his home & retired to caves
for meditation. The cave is located in a small village
Guffabal of Tehsil Qaimoh.
• Chimmer in Kulgam, where he spent several years,
has an Astan (Shrine).
VASAK NAG KUND
• Kulgam Vasak Nag is a cold water spring of special

significance.
• The Waltengo Nar villagers believe it is the outcome

of a pact between the Sufi Saint Syed Noor Shah
Baghdadi (RA) and a Hindu seer that the spring flows
merely for 6 months before disappearing back into
the earth mysteriously.
BADI BAHEK
• The untouched alpine pasture spread over acres of

verdant green, dotted by a few nomad mud huts, is
nature in its pristine glory.
• In the midst of the Behek lies Peer-Nag where a mere
dip into it offers spiritual solace for the believers. An
ideal camping site and picnic spot.
CHIRANBAL
• The open, lush landscape of this montane meadow,

bifurcated into hear (small) and bon (big) Chiranbal,
offers a spectacular panoramic view.
• Chiranbal is situated on the bank of Zanjinar river,
offers fishing and swimming for enthusiasts.
Kousarnag /Vishnupad.

• It situated at about 4000 ft above sea level.

• It is the source of River Vishaw.
• Nestled in the lap of Pir Panjal peaks on three sides,
this snow fed lake in Kulgam.
• Aharbal to Kousarnag, via Kungwattan and Mahinag
is a major trek route, spanning 3 days.
Aharbal
• Aharbal Waterfall is also known as Niagara

Waterfall of Kashmir.
• The place is quite peaceful and suitable for
expeditions, trekking, photography, and fishing.

SHOPIAN
History
➢Shopian district is called “the apple bowl of Kashmir”.
➢Shopian or Shupiyan is , located in southern part of
Kashmir Valley, bounded by Pulwama, Kulgam,
Anantnag, and Peer Ki Gali .
➢Shopian has been an ancient Town of Kashmir,
➢It is situated on the ancient imperial road commonly
known as Mughal Road which connects Lahore and
Srinagar.
➢The geologist Frederic Drew stated that Shopian
derived its name from a distortion of word shah-
payan, i.e. “royal stay”.
➢However, the local people hold the view that Shopian
was earlier named as “Shin-Van” meaning “snow
forest”.
➢The Shias have a different view, believing it was
earlier inhabited by Shias so it is “Shin-Van” that is
“The Forest of Shias”.
➢It has decades-old road connectivity with Anantnag as
well as Kulgam.
➢Shopian has the honour to had Imam Shahi Hamadan

entered via it into the Kashmir valley to spread the
message of Islam.
➢Shopian district comes under the Pir Panjal
Range which makes it very cold in winter.
➢After partition of India, it was a tehsil of Pulwama
district. In March, 2007, the district status was
granted by the Government of India.
GEOGRAPHY
• Shopian was one out of six Wazarat Headquarters in
Kashmir from 1872-1892 A.D.
• The District is situated in the laps of foot Hills of
Pirpanchal range and most of its area is Hilly Terrain.
• The District is having an area of 30,741.6 hectares. It is
at a distance of 51 km from city Srinagar .
Hirpora wildlife sanctuary
• Hirpora Wildlife Sanctuary or Heerpora Wildlife

Sanctuary is located in Shopian district .
• It is bounded to the north by Lake Gumsar, northeast
by Hirpora village, east by Rupri, south by Saransar
and to the west by the Pir Panjal pass.
• Heerpora wildlife sanctuary is one of the beautiful

wildlife sanctuary in Jammu and Kashmir.
• The Hirpora Wildlife Sanctuary is an abode to many
species of animals including the Himalayan brown
bear, Himalayan black bear, musk
deer, leopard, Tibetan wolf, Himalayan palm civet and
around 50 individuals the critically endangered
markhor.
• The Mughal road cuts through the Hirpora Wildlife
Sanctuary and is believed to inhibit the movement of
animals, especially the critically endangered Pir Panjal
Markhor.
TOURIST PLACES
Children Park Shopian
Forest Block Padpawan
Dubjan spring.
• Located in village Dubijan Area of District Shopian on
Mughal Road near Army Camp, about 3000 meter
above MSL, surrounded with mainly Kail crop.

Mughal Road
• The Mughal Road was originally known as Namak

Road (Salt Route) before Kashmir was surmounted by
Mughal.
• It was a podium road on which travel could be carried
out only on ponies and horses.
• It was famous by this name because salt was
exported to Kashmir from the Western Punjab
through this circuit.
• It came to be known as the Mughal Road because the
prominent Mughal Emperors like Akbar, Jahangir,
Shahjahan and Aurangzeb along with their caravans
travelled through this route/road to the Paradise of
Kashmir.
• The decision to construct the Mughal Road from
Bufliaz Poonch to Shopian was taken in 1978 by the
then Chief Minister Sheikh Muhammad Abdullah to
afford an alternate route to Kashmir Valley, to
establish direct link with Rajouri – Poonch and to
make the most of scenic spots of Pir Panchal region as
a tourist attraction.

PULWAMA
History
➢According to the revenue records the original name of
Pulwama was Panwangam which comprised 4 villages
namely Malikpora, Dangerapora, Chatpora an
Dalipora.
➢Panwangam become to be called as “Pulgam” which
was with the passage of time changed to the present
name of Pulwama.
➢It has a rich and cultural and historical background
which legendry people having born and brought-up in
the district and ancients kings choosing the area as
their Capital the Kashmir ruler Awantiwarman
founded Awantipora as his capital city.
➢After the death of the king. It is said that his son,
Shanker Varma ascended the throne and retained
Awantipora as his capital. He conquered many areas
and extended his kingdom beyond Kashmir with his
large Army raised from the local people.

➢Pulwama is a part of the beautiful valley is bounded

by Srinagar in the North by Budgam and Poonch
Districts the west and by Anantnag Districts in the
South and East.
➢The District was formed in 1979 by separation of
Tehsils Pulwama, Shopian and Tral of District
Anantnag.
➢The district is administratively divided into four
Tehsils I.e.Pulwama, Pampore, Awantipora and Tral.
➢Pulwama is known as “Rice bowl of Kashmir”.
➢The District is also famous for production of milk
which is largest in the union territory and is known as
“Anand of Kashmir”.
➢The district is famous for Archaeological monuments

especially for those left by Raja Avantivarman &
Lalitaditya religious shrines like that of Khan-Kahi Faiz
Panah of Shah Hamdan at Tral and temple of Jawala
Mukhi at Khrew.
➢District Pulwama is famous all over the world for
saffron cultivation which is mainly grown in Karewa
lands of Pampore, Kakapora and Pulwama Blocks.
➢Agriculture is the main occupation of people. 70%
people are engaged with this activity and the
remaining 30% are engaged with other occupations.
➢The district is also famous in Fruit Cultivation.

➢Pampore have acquired in the district a distinction for
cultivation of SAFFRON.
➢The Saffron “Crocus-Sativus” of Kashmir is famous all
over world.
➢Agriculture contributes a major portion of the income
of the people residing in the district followed by Fruit
Cultivation.
SAFFRON
➢ Pampore region, commonly known as Saffron bowl

of Kashmir.
➢ According to legend, an arhat Indian Buddhist

missionary by the name of Madhyântika (or
Majjhantika) was sent to Kashmir in the 5th century
BC. Upon his arrival he seemingly sowed the first
Kashmiri saffron crop.
➢ Saffron, a spice derived from the dried stigma of the

saffron (Crocus sativus).

CONSERVATION RESERVES
1) Panyar
2) Khangund
3) Shikargarh
4) Khrew.
TOURISTS PLACES
TARSAR AND MARSAR LAKES
• Tarsar and Marsar are two beautiful lakes in the

Pulwama district.
AWANTISWAMI TEMPLE
❖ A signification monument in Pulwama, this temple

is situated in Jawbrari Village of the district and is said
to have been built by Raja Awanti Varman, in the 9th

Century AD. The temple is dedicated to Lord Vishnu

and Lord Shiva.
KUNGWATTAN
➢ Kungwattan is a meadow at a height of 8, 400km.

From Kungwattan a walk through thick forests lead to
Mahinag at 9, 800 feet.
Asar Sharief Pinjoora
• Asar Sharief Pinjoora is one of the most sacred and

popular religious centres in the district of Pulwama.
• This shrine contains the remains of the Islamic guru,
Prophet Muhammad, and on special occasions, these
are shown to the public.
• Tourists visiting here can also enjoy the beautiful
waterfalls present in the area.
Payer Temple

• One of the most popular religious attractions of

Pulwama, the Payer Temple is situated 3 km south of
Pulwama. This temple is also referred as the Payech
Temple by travelers.

SRINAGAR
History
➢Srinagar was ruled by the Mauryan empire till around
the 4th century and it was emperor Ashoka, who had
introduced Buddhism to the valley of Kashmir.
➢Ashoka also established the old city of Srinagar known
as Pandrethan.
➢The Kushans believed to have controlled this region

during the first century who ruled over this place
from their stronghold at Pakistan and Afghanistan.
➢Even King Vikramaditya from Ujjain, ruled over this
place before transferring the reigns of control to a
nomaid tribe named Huns during the 6th century.
➢One of the most terrified rulers of the city was
Mihirkula who belonged to this tribe.
➢After the 14th century, the city came under the
Mughal rule and was ruled by the Muslim Kings.
➢This city was made the capital during the rule of Yusuf
Shah Chak who was then tricked to death by Akbar
who set up his dominion on the city post the fall of

Yusuf Shah Chak.
➢It was in the year 1707 that the Mughal dominion
came to en end with the death of their last King,
Aurangzeb and then Srinagar came under the reign of
the Durrani Empire.
➢This empire was the leader of the Pasthun tribe and
they ruled on Srinagar for multiple decades.
➢Raja Sukh Jiwan Mal was a soldier in the Afghan
Durrani army who became governor and, later, the
king (1754–1762) of Kashmir.
➢It was in 1814 that the rule of Sikhs was established
and Maharaja Ranjit Singh ruled over Kashmir.
➢It was ruled by the Sikhs till the British Raj came into
India.
➢Till the year 1947 Srinagar was considered as a
princely state in the British India.
TOURIST PLACES
❖ Srinagar is a popular tourist destination located in

the Northern tip of India. Popularly known as the

‘Paradise on Earth’, the place is also known as the

‘Venice of the East’ and ‘Kashmiri Venice’.
DAL LAKE
• It is the most visited place in srinagar by tourists and
locals.
• It is integral to tourism and recreation in Kashmir and
is named the “Lake of Flowers”, “Jewel in the crown
of Kashmir” or “Srinagar’s Jewel”.
• The floating garden known as Rad can also be seen in
Dal lake.
• The Dal lake is divided by causeways into four basins
; Gagribal, Lokut Dal Dal, Bod
Dal and Nigeen (although Nigeen is also considered
as an independent lake).
Shalimar Bagh
• Shalimar Bagh is a Mughal garden in Srinagar.

• It also known as Shalimar Gardens, Farah Baksh, and

Faiz Baksh.
• It is now a public park and also referred to as the
“Crown of Srinagar.
• The word Shalimar in Sanskrit means ‘abode of love’.
• It is built by Emperor Jahangir.
1) NISHAT BAGH
• Nishat Bagh is a terraced Mughal garden built on the

eastern side of the Dal Lake,.
• It is the second largest Mughal garden in the Kashmir
Valley.
• Nishat Bagh’ is Urdu, which means “Garden of Joy,”
“Garden of Gladness” and “Garden of Delight.
• Located on the bank of the Dal Lake, with the
Zabarwan Mountains as its backdrop.
• The Bagh was designed and built in 1633 by Asif Khan,
elder brother of Nur Jehan.
• Mughal Princess Zuhra Begum was buried in the
garden she was the daughter of Mughal Emperor
Alamgir II.
INDIRA GANDHI MEMORIAL TULIP GARDEN
❖ Indira Gandhi Memorial Tulip garden,

previously Model Floriculture Center, is a tulip garden
in Srinagar.
❖ It is situated on the foothills of Zabarwan
Range with an overview of Dal Lake.
❖ The garden was opened in 2007 with the aim to
boost floriculture and tourism in Kashmir Valley.
NIGEEN LAKE
• Is sometimes considered a part of the Dal lake and is

connected to it via a narrow strait.
• It is also connected to khushal sar and Gil sar lakes via
a channel known as Nallah Amir Khan.

PARI MAHAL
❖ Pari Mahal or The Angels’ Abode is a seven terraced

garden located at the top of Zabarwan mountain
range over-looking city of Srinagar and south-west of
Dal Lake .
❖ The architecture depicts an example of Islamic
architecture and patronage of art during the reign of
the then Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan.
❖ The Pari Mahal was built by Mughal Prince Dara
Shikoh in the mid-1600s. It served as a library and an
abode for him.
CHASHMESHAHI GARDEN
• Shahi or Chashma I Shahi ( the royal spring), also
called Chashma Shahi.
❖ It was built in 1632 A.D.by Ali Mardan Khan, a
governor of Mughal emperor Shah Jahan as per the
orders of the Emperor, as a gift for his eldest son
Prince Dara Shikoh.
❖ The garden is located in the Zabarwan Range, near
Raj Bhawan (Governor‘s house) overlooking Dal
Lake in Srinagar.

HAZRAT BAL SHRINE

• The Hazratbal Shrine , popularly called Dargah
Sharif (“the Holy Shrine”), is a Muslim shrine
located in Hazratbal, Srinagar.
• It contains a relic, Moi-e-Muqqadas, which is
widely believed to be the hair of the Islamic
prophet Muhammad.
• It is situated on the northern bank of the Dal
Lake in Srinagar, and is considered to
be Kashmir’s holiest Muslim shrine.
SHANKRACHARYA TEMPLE
❖ The Shankaracharya Temple is also known as
the Jyeshteshwara Temple.
❖ It is situated on top of the Shankaracharya Hill on
the Zabarwan Range in Srinagar.
❖ It is dedicated to Lord Shiva.
❖ The Dogra King Gulab Singh (1792-1857 AD)
constructed the steps to the hill from Durga Naag
temple side.
❖ The Maharaja of Mysore came to Kashmir in 1925

and he made the electrical installations at the temple.
❖ In 1961 Shankaracharaya of Dwarkapeetham put
the statue of Adi Shankaracharaya in the temple.
❖ It is also known as Takht-i- SulSuleiman.
❖ Jaluka, the son of Emperor Ashoka had built
Shankaracharya Temple around 200 BC.
JAMA MASJID SRINAGAR

• Located in Nowhatta also called as Downtown, Jama
Masjid is the biggest mosque in Kashmir Valley and
amongst the top attractions for tourists in Srinagar.
• Jamia Masjid was built in 1402 by Sultan Sikandar.
• The existing construction was done on the orders of
Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb Alamgir in 1672.
• The architecture of Jama Masjid has the influence of
the Indo-Saracenic style.
• A magnificent courtyard with 370 wooden pillars add
to the charm of Jama Masjid.

Khanqah-e-Moula
❖ The Khanqah-e-Molla or Shah-e-Hamdan is one of
the oldest Muslim shrines located on the banks of the
river Jhelum in Srinagar city.
❖ An important religious destination in Srinagar, this
shrine was originally built in 1395 and later
reconstructed in 1732.
❖ Khanqah-e-Molla is an excellent example of
wooden architecture.
❖ Khanqah-e-Molla was originally constructed by
Sultan Sikander.
❖ In memory of Sufi saint Mir Syed Ali Hamdan, who
stayed in Kashmir and was instrumental in the spread
of Islam in Kashmir.
HOKERSAR LAKE
• The Hokersar is a wetland conservation area in
Zainakote near Srinagar.
• It is a Ramsar wetland designated in 2005.
• It is known for migratory birds.
NASEEM BAGH
❖ Naseem Bagh is a Mughal garden built on the
northwestern side of the Dal Lake.
❖ The garden is one of the oldest Mughal gardens in
Kashmir, built by Mughal emperor Akbar in 1586.
❖ Over 1200 chinar trees were planted in 1686
by Shah Jahan.
❖ It is developed as Chinar Heritage Park by
the University of Kashmir.
HARI PARBAT FORT

❖ Hari Parbat is also known as Kooh-e-Maran lies on
the west of Dal Lake in Srinagar.
❖ This Mughal structure was built by an Afghan
Governor Atta Mohammed Khan in 18th century.
❖ Later a long wall was constructed in 1590 by
Emperor Akbar.
❖ Hari Parbat provides a top view of Makhdoom Sahib

shrine.
❖ The Gurudwara Chatti Patshahi, Srinagar is one of
the most important Sikh pilgrimage sites in Kashmir. It
is situated at the heart of the Srinagar city in
Rainawari just outside the Kathi Darwaja of Hari
Parbat Fort.
Overlooking Srinagar is Hari Parbat, a hill home to a fort, a
temple, a gurdwara and a dargah. The temple here is
dedicated to Jagdamba Sharika Bhagwati, considered the
presiding deity of Srinagar.
Dachigam National park

• The name of the park literally stands for “ten villages”
which could be in memory of the ten villages that
were relocated for its formation.
• The park has been a protected area since 1910.
• It was upgraded and declared a National Park in the
year 1981.
• The main animal species that Dachigam is known for
is the hangul, or the Kashmir stag.
Salim Ali National Park

• Salim Ali National Park or City Forest National Park
was a national park located in Srinagar.
• Notified in 1986.
• The name of the park commemorated the Indian
ornithologist Salim Ali.
• The park was converted into the Royal Springs Golf
Course, Srinagar between 1998 and 2001 by Farooq
Abdullah, the then Chief Minister of Jammu &
Kashmir.
• The park featured a wildlife species such as
the hangul, musk deer, Himalayan black
bear, leopard, Himalayan serow and 70 species of
birds.

BUDGAM
History
➢Budgam is known as chota Punjab (mini Punjab),
gives huge vegetable production.
➢In the olden days Budgam was a part of the district of
Baramulla when Srinagar itself was a constituent of
the Anantnag district.
➢It was then known as Tehsil Sri pratap.
➢Old records also refer to the area as `Pargana Deesu’.
➢The present Budgam town (the district headquarter)
has a long history.
➢According to the chronicler, Khawaja Azam Demari,
the area was known as Deedmarbag and was densely
populated.
➢The place many believes, owes its name, Budgam
(Big Village) to this dense population.
➢Famous warrior, Mehmood Ghazni, made two
abortive attempts to invade Kashmir in the 11th
century through the Poonch Gali, the boundary of
the present district of budgam in Khag area.
➢In 1814 A.D. Sikh ruler, Ranjit Singh, also made his
first attempt from here to capture Kashmir.
➢The famous Chinese traveler, Hien Tsiang,while
visiting poonch, also took this route.
➢One of the tallest personalities of Kashmir, Sheikh
Noor-ud-din, popularly known as Alamdar-e-Kashmir,
has traveled much in the present Budgam district and
meditated at several places here.
➢His resting place at Chrar-e-Sharief is also situated in
the district.
➢A Prominent village, Nasrullah Pora, is named after
one of his distinguished disciples, Baba Nasr.
➢The tehsil of Chadoora has also a rich history. The
famous Malik Hyder belonged to this place. Malik
was a very influential landlord and a close friend of
Emperor Jahangir. The emperor too reposed great
trust in him. It is said that after the death of her first
husband, Nur Jehan (Jahangir’s wife) was given in
Malik’s custody by the Emperor before he finally
married her.
➢Jahangir has eloquently praised the beauty of
Chadoora and mentioned in his Tuzk-e-Jahangiri,
about a tree which would tremble all over if only a
branch of it was pulled. The tree, he says was known
as Halthal.
➢At Chadoora is also situated the grave of Mir Shams-

ud-Din Iraqi, a Shiete theologist.
➢The counsellor of the last native ruler of Kashmir,
Yusuf Shah Chak and his son, Yakub Chak’s tutor, Ali
Dar also belonged to this area.
➢The present Chadoora town was once a Kareva.
➢Jahangir used to visit this place for hunting.
➢He rechristained the place as Noorabad after his
beloved wide but the name, was not popular upon
which the king ordered reversion to its old name.
➢Chadoora held a place of prominence during the

Mughal period. The Mughals had constructed some
buildings here including a small palace and an
ammunition depot.
➢Another block of the district, Beerwah, was formerly
known as Behroop after a famous spring of the same
name.
➢In 1760 A.D. the Durrani Governor, Badal Khan
Khatak, constructed a fortress in Beerwah which was
repaired in 1801 A.D by Abdullah Khan.
➢In 1884 A.D the fortress was destroyed in a severe
earthquake. Subsquently, the remains of the fortress
also disappeared.

➢The village of Kanihama, the home of famous Kani

Shawl, was an important trade centre during the
Dogra rule.
➢The Budgam district has produced many
distinguished poets and writers of Kashmir Language.
➢Of these, the more famous include Shama Fakir and
Samad Mir, the pioneers of spiritual Kashmiri poetry
(Sufiana Shairee), Abdul Ahad Azad, revolutionary
poet of kashmir who also penned the history of
Kashmiri literature and Ghulam Nabi Dilsoz, a well
known romantic poet.
TOURIST PLACES
DOODHPATHRI
• Doodhpathri (translation; Valley of Milk) is a tourist

destination and a hill station in Budgam District. It is
located in khan sahab area of Budgam district.
• The name “doodpathri” means Valley of Milk. It is
said that the famous saint of Kashmir Sheikh ul Aalam
Sheikh Noor din Noorani has prayed here and once
when he was in search of water in the meadows, to
offer prayers, he pricked the ground with his stick to

search for water and milk came out.
• He asked the milk that you can only be used for
drinking and not performing ablution. Hearing this
milk at once changed its state to water and the
meadow got its name Doodpathri.
• The water which is at present flowing through the
meadows has a milky appearance from the distance
and remains very cold throughout the year.
• The famous Tosamaidan lies in the west of
Doodpathri.
THE TOMB OF SHEIKH NOOR-UD-DIN
• Tomb of Sheikh Noor-ud-Din, located 28 km from

Srinagar at Chrar-e-Sharif, is popular as Alamdar-e-
Kashmir or the flag-bearer of Kashmir.
• It is dedicated to Sheikh Noor-ud-din Noorani (RA)
who spread the religious message of Islam in the
valley of Kashmir.
NILNAG LAKE

❖ Nilnag is a picturesque lake situated 4 km away

from Yousmarg. The path from Yousmarg is quite
rough and passes through dense forests.
❖ The lake received its name from its clear-blue water
where nil stands for blue and nag stands for lake.
YUSMARG
❖ Yusmarg or Yousmarg (meaning ‘Meadow of Jesus’)
is a hill station in the Budgam district.
❖ Yousmarg provides space for beautiful landscapes,
young pine nurseries, green pastures and heart
touching lotic and lentic water bodies.
TOMB OF BABA LATIF UD DIN
❖ Tomb of Baba Latif-ud-Din was situated in the

village of Poshker in the Budgam district. Earlier
known as Ludo Raina, Baba Latif-ud-Din was a
precious disciple of Sheikh-ul-Alam (RA).
TOMB OF ZIA UD DIN BUKHARI

❖ Tomb of Zia-Ud-Din Bukhari was constructed in

memory of Zia-Ud-Din Bukhari, who came from
Bukhara to the valley of Kashmir with 360 Syeds.
❖ According to a popular belief, he used to do several
miracles. Once he brought back the vision of a blind
girl just by gently touching her eyes.
SHRINE OF HAZRAT BABA GANGA RISHI
❖ Shrine of Hazrat Ganga Baba Rishi located in

Palapora of Poshker is amongst the popular tombs in
Badgam district.
❖ This shrine is dedicated to Baba Rishi, who is
believed to have constructed about 360 mosques and
the same number of culverts.
THE SHRINE OF KHAN SAHIB
❖ Situated in the Khan Sahib block of district Budgam,

the shrine is associated with a famous saint – Hazrat
Salen Khan .
THE SHRINE OF SYED MOHAMMAD SAMRI
❖ Shrine of Hazrat Syed Mohammad Samri is located

7 km away from the village of Habri at Laspora in
Badgam district.
NARA NAG
❖ Naranag also known as Narain Nag is a beautiful

spring situated close to the village of Khag.
❖ This spring is believed to originate from the
Tosamaidan Lake.
TOSHMAIDAN
❖ Tosa Maidan is meadow in khag tehsil of Budgam

district of Jammu and Kashmir.Tosa Maidan is not
only famous as a pasture but also for its historical
background.

❖ The Mughals used to go to Poonch using this route.

It is said that they had constructed a seven-storeyed
building – Dam-Dam – here.
❖ The Basmai Gali(13,000 ft) is the pass which leads
into Tosa Maidan. Another pass – Poonch Gali – on its
right side leads to the valley of Poonch. This pass was
deemed to be the safest, easiest, and nearest to
reach Punjab in ancient times.
GANDHAK NAG
❖ Gandhak Nag, located in Darang Khaipora village in

the Budgam district, is a spring that contains sulphur
in its waters.
❖ The spring is believed to possess medicinal
properties, which can cure all kinds of skin ailments.
PUSHKAR NAG
❖ Poshker, in the middle of Ferozpora and Khag, is a

historical spring.

❖ According to popular belief, Kashmiri pandits used

to perform prayers known as Diavai Paath at the
spring in the month of Sawan of the Hindu calendar.
SUKHNAG FALLS
❖ Sukhnag waterfall is a breathtaking place, nestled

between Doodhpathri and Tosamaidan, in central
Kashmir’s Budgam district. It is located near a village
called Ringzabal, around 25 kms from Budgam
township.
SANGH-E-SAFED
❖ Sang-e-Safed, or White Rocks as it is referred to, is

located at a distance of about 10 kilometres from the
Yusmarg Valley in the Budgam .
❖ This is an oval-shaped meadow bisected at the
centre by a small tributary of the Doodh Ganga.
❖ The site is mostly visited as a picnic spot and for the
beauty of its sprawling meadows, but this landing,
surrounded by a dense pine tree forest, is also the
base for treks up to Mount Tatta Kutti.
SUT HARAN
❖ Sut Haran is a famous spring situated a little away

from Tosamaidan in the district of Budgam.

GANDERBAL
History
➢The Ganderbal district is located in valley of the Sindh
River, also known as Nallah Sindh. It is rich in landscape
and is often called the District of Lakes, as it possesses
the highest number of lakes in the state of Jammu and
Kashmir.
➢It is situated on the North of District Srinagar from
which it was carved out and given the status of District
on Ist April 2007 .
➢Nearly 70% area of the District is hilly and semi-hilly.
➢Some areas remain inaccessible for quite some time
during winter.
➢The Ganderbal town is the district headquarter and has
derived its name from a famous spring Ganderbhavan.
➢With the passage of time the name got changed into
Ganderbal from Ganderbhavan, now recognized name
and used officially.

➢In the olden days the territory of Ganderbal has acted

as gate way to the central Asia by constituting one of
the most important station of the erstwhile silk-route.
➢In addition Islamic influence on Kashmir found its way
through Sindh valley. Hazrat Shahi Hamdan, Rinchan
Shah the first ruler of Kashmir and Mirza Hyder
Daughlat have entered Kashmir through Ganderbal
popularly known as Sindh valley.
➢District Ganderbal holds the serene spring of
Kherbhawani.
TOURIST PLACES
Sonamarg
• Sonamarg, which means ‘meadow of gold’ .

• From Sonamarg, trekking routes lead to the
Himalayan lakes of Vishansar Lake, Krishansar Lake,
Gangabal Lake and Gadsar Lake, stocked with
Snowtrout and Brown trout and Satsar, glacier-fed
and surrounded by banks of alpine flowers.

• At Sonamarg the Jammu and Kashmir tourism

department organizes river rafting tournaments
yearly.
Mansbal Lake
• Manasbal Lake is located in Ganderbal District.
• The name Manasbal is said to be a derivative of the
Lake Manasarovar.
• It is the deepest lake in India.
• The large growth of lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) at the
periphery of the lake (blooms during July and August)
adds to the beauty of the clear waters of the lake.
• The Mughal garden, called the Jaroka, (meaning bay
window) built by Nur Jahan overlooks the lake.
• This lake has the sobriquet of “Supreme gem of all
kashmiri lakes. “
Thajiwas Glacier
❖ Thajiwas glacier at an altitude of 9,186 feet is a

striking silvery scene set against emerald meadows
and a clear blue sky.

Gadsar Lake
• It is situated at 16,400 feet lies frozen throughout the
year.
• Surrounded by snow covered mountains and
shrouded in alpine flowers, from Gadsar Lake you can
enjoy panoramic views of the frozen Satsar and
Baltan Lakes.
Kheer Bhawani Temple
• The Kheer Bhawani Temple, situated in the middle of

a natural spring, is often visited by tourists out of
curiosity.
• Devotees offer milk and kheer to the resident deity.
• Popular with all tourists, it is especially revered by the
Kashmiri Pandits in the Valley.
• It that the waters turn black as a warning for any
looming calamity.
Baltal Valley
❖ Baltal is known for its scenic views. The tents
available here are affordable and tourists need to
either trek or hire ponies to reach the cave.

Vishansar lake
❖ The Vishansar Lake is an alpine high altitude
oligotrophic lake situated in the vicinity of Sonamarg
at an elevation of 3710 meters.
Kishansar lake
❖ The Krishansar Lake is an alpine high altitude

oligotrophic lake situated in the vicinity of Sonamarg,
less than one kilometer from Vishansar Lake north
westwards.
Satsar Lake
▪ The Satsar Lake or Sat Sar consists of seven small

alpine lakes situated in the Kashmir Valley, in
Ganderbal district.
Gangabal lake

❖ The Gangabal Lake also called Gangbal Lake, is a

lake situated at the foothills of Mount Haramukh in
Ganderbal district.
❖ It is an alpine high altitude oligotrophic lake, home
to many species of fish, including the brown trout.
Conservation reserves
1) Shallabugh.
2) Wangat/chattergul

BARAMULLA
History
➢The city of Baramulla, from which the district derives
its name, was founded by Raja Bhimsina in 2306 BC.
➢The city held the position of a gate-way to the valley
as it was located on the route to the Valley from
Muzaffarabad, now in POK, and Rawalpindi, now in
Pakistan.
➢A number of prominent visitors have been to
Baramulla. These include the famous Chinese visitor
Heiun T’Sang and Moorcraft, the British historian.
➢Mughal Emperors had special fascination for
Baramulla.
➢Being the gateway of the valley, it was a halting
station for them during their visits to the Valley
➢.In 1588 AD, Emperor Akbar who entered the Valley
via Pakhil spent a few days at Baramulla and
according to “Tarikh-e-Hassan” the city during Akbar’s
stay, had been decorated like a bride.

➢Jahangir also stayed at Baramulla during his visit to

Kashmir in 1620 AD.
➢In the 15th century, Baramulla became important to
Muslims, as the famous Muslim saint Syed Janbaz
Wali, who visited the valley along with his
companions in 1421 AD, chose Baramulla as the
centre of his mission, and after his death he was
buried there.
➢In 1620 AD, the sixth Sikh Guru Shri Hargobind visited
the city.
➢Baramulla thus became an abode of Hindus, Muslims,
Buddhists and Sikhs living in harmony and
contributing to a rich composite culture.
➢It was the oldest and the most important town in
north of princely state of Jammu and Kashmir and the
‘Gateway of Kashmir Valley’ by Rawalpindi-Murree-
Muzaffarabad-Baramulla Road until 27 October 1947.
➢It became a part of Union of India when the Maharaja
signed the Instrument of Accession on 26 October
1947.
Sopore

❖ Sopore, also known as the London of Kashmir, is

renowned among people for its rapidly growing sectors
of horticulture and agriculture.
❖ The town of Sopore is famous for the Jamia Masjid,
Khan-kah Shah-i-Hamdan and several small shrines.
❖ Sopore was founded by Utpala engineer and
irrigation minister Suyya during the reign of king
Avantivarman in 880 CE.
TOURIST PLACES
Apharwat peak.
• Apharwat Peak is a summit, situated at a height of
4,390 metres (14,403 ft) above the sea
level, in Gulmarg.
• It receives heavy snowfall and remains covered
with snow for much of the year.
Alpathar Lake

• Alpather Lake in Gulmarg is a picturesque small lake

which is also known as the Frozen Lake, which owes
to its nature of being frozen from November until
mid-June.
Outer circle walk
Baba Rishi Shrine
• The Ziyarat Baba Reshi shrine is a three-storey

monument.
• It is located near Ramboh village in Baramulla
District. Built-in 1480, in Mughal and Persian style,
the tomb is named after Baba Payam Uddin.
Rani Temple
• Built in: 1915

• Built By: Maharaja Hari Singh’s wife Rani Mohini bai

sisodhia
• Dedicated to: Lord Shiva.
Gulmarg
• Gulmarg is very famous for its skiing scenes in India.

This town is located on the Pir Panjal Range, which is
a part of the western Himalayas
• Yusuf shah Chak, who ruled Kashmir from 1579 to
1586, frequented the place with his queen Habba
khaton and renamed it ‘Gulmarg’ (“meadow of
flowers”).
• Wild flowers of 21 different varieties were collected
by the Mughal emperor Jahangir for his gardens in
Gulmarg..
Kongdori

• Kongdori is a bowl-shaped area that lies between

Gulmarg and the summit on the Apharwat mountain
range.
• It draws skiers and snowboarders from across the
country and parts of the world.
Gulmarg Biosphere Reserve

❖ Spread over an area of 180 sq km, Gulmarg
Biosphere Reserve is home to many common and rare
species of fauna, flora and avifauna.
Kazinag National Park
❖ Kazinag National Park is situated in north bank of

Jhelum close to Line of Control in Baramulla district
about 70 km away from the capital city of Srinagar.
❖ The National Park is famous for Markhor (Capra
falconeri), Himalayan Musk Deer (Maschus
crysogater) besides home of 120 species of birds and 20
species of mammals.

KUPWARA
History
➢District Kupwara was carved out form erstwhile
District Baramulla in the year 1979.
➢Kupwara is the backward frontier District of Kashmir
Valley, full of scenic beauty.
➢Dense forests and rich wild life make it significant
from tourism and wildlife point of view.
➢The geographical area of the District is 2379 sqkms.
➢The north west part of the District is bound by line of
actual control (L.O.C)) while the southern portion is
bound by the District Baramulla.
➢Kupwara is called as Delight of Kashmir.
TOURIST PLACES
Badrakali
❖ Ancient holy place of Hindus located on a

motorable road leading from Handwara to Rajwar.

❖ There is a dormant volcano in the vicinity and

Hindus revere it and is known by the name Soyamj.
BUNGUS VALLEY
• One of the relatively unknown areas of Kashmir with
vast tourism potential is the valley of Bangus.
DRANGYARI
❖ Drangyari is located in Chowkibal region of Kupwara
District.
❖ Drangyari is set against the towering Shamsabari
hills. Drangyari Valley is one of the out-of-the-way
destinations in Kashmir Valley
Jabdi
❖ Jabri village is located in Karnah Tehsil of Kupwara
district.
KERAN VALLEY

• It is a charming valley located on the banks of sacred

river Kishan Ganga.
• To reach the valley we have to cross 8000 feet high pass
of Farkyan. Kishan Ganga forms the actual line of
control between India and POK at Keran.
LOLAB VALLEY
• The Lahwal River flows through this valley.

• This attractive and beautiful valley full of magnificient
blue prints has been praised by many poets.
• It is believed that the cave known as Kalaroos leads us
to Russia.
• This valley is named after Maharaja Lolo.
Muqam shah wali
• The shrine of famous Saint Zaiti Shah Wali, located in

village known after him as Muqam Shah Wali has
been selected as a spot of tourist pilgrimage and is
being developed accordingly.

• Zaiti Shah had been an army commandant of famous

Chak ruler, Ali Shah Chak and a disciple of Hazrat
Hamza Makdoomi.
REDI
• It is situated near Chowkibal on the way to Karnah.
There are rest house facilities available for the visitors
provided by the administration.
Reshwari
❖ This charming place is located in Nowgam area of
Handwara Tehsil, 25 kms from Handwara. The area is
motorable.
❖ Two tourist Dak Bungalows are available there for
tourists.

BANDIPORA
History
➢Bandipore is known for trekking, mountaineering and
fishing.
➢It is located on the northern banks of Wular lake the
largest fresh water lake in Asia.
➢Bandipora has a terraced garden similar to that of
Nishat Bagh in Srinagar.
➢Bandipora is famous for three A’s – A’lim
(knowledge), Adab (good habits or literature) and Aab
(water).
➢Bandipora is bound by mountains on three sides and
by Wular Lake in the fourth.
➢Bandipora is situated on the banks of the Wular, the
largest fresh-water lake in Asia which is home to a lot
of migratory birds.
➢Jhelum river deposits its water in Wular lake.
➢Bandipora was the connecting link between North
India and Central Asia via the Silk Road.
➢Bandipora is also known as Gateway to Central Asia.
➢There are strong links between skardu gurez and

Bandipora.
TOURIST PLACES
WULAR LAKE
• In ancient times, Wular Lake was also
called Mahapadmasar.
• Wular Lake is one of the largest fresh water lakes in
Asia.
• The lake basin was formed as a result of tectonic
activity and is fed by the jhelum River.
• The lake is one of the wetlands designated as
a Ramsar site.
• Wular Lake is an important fish habitat, the main
species being the common carp.
• The Kashmiri sultan Zain-ul-Abidin have ordered the
construction of the artificial island of Zaina Lank in the
middle of the lake in 1444.
• The Tulbul Project is a “navigation lock-cum-control
structure” at the mouth of Wular Lake.[

GUREZ VALLEY
• The Kishanganga River flows through the valley. The
road to Gilgit runs through Gurez. Gurez is divided
into three regions.
NISHAT PARK
• The famous Nishat Park in Bandipora was constructed
in 1954 under the supervision of the then Prime
Minister of Jammu and Kashmir, Bakhshi Ghulam
Mohammad.
CHOTTA AMARNATH
• One of the sacred places of Hindus is Danishwar,
locally also called as Chota Amarnath.
• It a cave in dense forests of Arin.
• Pilgrim have to crawl about 60 meters to reach a cave
where there are engraved features of Lord Shiva.

BRIEF HISTORY OF J&K UT

KASHMIR HISTORY.
• Kashmir, if literally translated, means land desiccated
from water: “Ka” (the water) and shimeera (to
desiccate).
• Tradition says that Kashmir was originally a lake that
was drained by the great saint of ancient India
Kashyap.
• It was included in the empire of Ashoka Maurya who
is credited with the foundation of the city of Srinagar
around the year 250 BC.
• During this period Buddhism spread in Kashmir and
flourished under the Kushans.
• During the reign of Kanishka, the third Buddhist
council took place in Kashmir which has been attested
by the 7th century Chinese traveler Hien Tsang.
• But Hinduism held its sway in the region. The 7th
Century AD witnessed the establishment of a dynasty
called the Karkota whose foundation stone was laid
by Durlabhavarrdhana.

• The most famous ruler of this dynasty was Lalitaditya

Muktapid who built the world famous sun temple
(Martand) in Kashmir.
• The Karkotas were supplemented by the Utpalas in
855 AD.
• The most important ruler of this dynasty was Avanti-
verman. He recovered Kashmir from utter political
and economic disorder into which Kashmir had fallen
during the rule of his predecessors.
• Didda, a Gupta widowed queen, ruled Kashmir until
1003 AD when the Lohara dynasty took over.
• The last Hindu ruler of Kashmir was Udyan Dev. His
Chief Queen Kota Rani was the de-facto ruler of the
kingdom.
• With her death in 1339 the Hindu rule in Kashmir
came to an end and thus was established the Muslim
rule in Kashmir under Sultan Shamas-ud-din-whose
dynasty ruled the valley for 222 years.
• The greatest ruler of this dynasty was undoubtedly
Sultan Zain-ul-Abdin. Under his rule, Kashmir was
culturally and politically at its zenith.
• He was essentially a man of secular out-look and
patronized all faiths and religions alike. He made
Kashmir the centre of a great culture and worked

hard to promote learning and to build up the

economy of the people.
• Badshah was not anxious for the expansion of his
dominion but was equally reluctant to part with the
territories which belonged to Kashmir and were of a
strategic importance.
• The Chiefs of Ladakh and Baltistan who had
acknowledged their allegiance to Shahab-ud-Din and
Sikandar his predecessors had, however, declared
themselves independent during the weak rule of Ali
Shah.
• He, therefore, set out with his army and made a
Bumlde IV, Raja of Ladakh, to recognize his
sovereignty.
• The ruler of Baltistan also followed suit and
surrendered. He next captured the town of Kulu
which was till then in the possession of Ladakhis.
• After these achievements, Badshah proceeded to
subdue the ruler of Ohind who had also declared
himself independent during the reign of Ali Shah.
• As before, the ruler of Ohind was defeated and
agreed to acknowledge the sovereignty of the king of
Kashmir.
• Badshah also exchanged embassies with various
foreign countries. In particular, he deputed his envoys
to Khurasan, Egypt, Mecca, Rukh, son of Timur, were

most cordial.
• Budshah took a series of measures for development
of Agriculture trade and Commerce.
• He constructed many irrigation canals. As a result of
these works and the reclamation of vast areas,
Kashmir became self-sufficient in food.
• According to Moorcroft, Kashmir produced as much
as 5.50 lakh tons of rice per year during the time of
Badshah.
• The Kingdom was annexed into the Mughal Empire in
1586.
• In 1757 Kashmir came under the control of Ahmed
Shah Durrani, the Afghan who invaded India many
times.
• In 1819 Kashmir was annexed by Ranjit Singh and

made a part of his Sikh empire.
• The two Anglo-Sikh wars fought between the Sikhs
and Britishers resulted in the complete extinction of
the Sikh sovereignty in Kashmir.
• The British gave away Kashmir to Ghulab Singh for
the sum of 75 lakhs of rupees under the Treaty of
Amritsar.
• He extended his territory by annexing Ladakh.

• Ghulab Singh died in 1857 and was replaced by
Ranbir Singh (1857-1885).
• Two other Maharaja, Partap Singh (1885-1925) and
Hari Singh ruled in succession.
• Maharaja Sir Hari Singh ascended the throne in 1925.
He continued to govern the state till 1950.
• In 1932 Kashmir’s first political party-all Jammu and
Kashmir Muslim Conference was formed by Sheikh
Abdullah.
• The party was later renamed the National
Conference in 1939 and continues to be a major
political party in Kashmir today.
• After Indian Independence in 1947, the ruler of the
princely state of Kashmir, Maharaja Hari Singh,
refused to accede to either India or Pakistan.
• When Pakistan invaded Kashmir in the following year,
the ruler of Kashmir sought help from the Indian
government and agreed to place Kashmir under the
dominion of India.
• In 1956 Kashmir was integrated into the Indian Union
under a new Constitution.
• However, PoK Kashmir continued to be under illegal
occupation of Pakistan.

• Kashmir was a tourist’s paradise during the 1970’s

and early 1980’s.
• However tourism in Kashmir declined during the late
1980’s and 1990’s, due to disturbances.
• The situation has improved and it is hoped that peace
will return to Kashmir-followed by tourists, who
remember its beautiful parks, Rolling Meadows,
spectacular mountains and scenic destinations with
nostalgia.
• On August 5,2019 : Home minister Amit Shah
proposes a presidential order to repeal Article 370
and 35A. J&K to be bifurcated as two union territories
of Ladakh (centrally administered) and J&K (with its
legislative assembly).

JAMMU HISTORY
• The ancient history of Jammu province is shrouded in
mystery due to the non-availability of even a single
chronicle which could throw some light on the
happenings of the period prior to 18th century.
• During the 12th century, Rajputs of Jammu province
carved out separate estates and principalities in
Jammu Province, such as, Jammu, Kishtwar,
Bhaderwah, Basholi, Reasi etc. which they ruled as
independent sovereigns.
• Except the fact that the city of Jammu was founded
by Raja Jamboo Lochan who lived in 9th century A.D,
very little information is available about the
successive regimes which swayed the different
regions of the province from time to time till Raja
Ranjit Dev, son of Dhruv Dev, proclaimed himself as
the ruler of the principality of Jammu in 1730 A.D.
• From all available information, it appears that the first
Raja of Dogra dynasty, named Agnivarna settled at
Parol near Kathua and his son subsequently extended
his domination as far west as Jammu Tawi.
• Four other Rajas followed in succession and two of
the sons of the fifth Raja Agnigarbha, named Bahu
Lochana and Jamboo Lochana, are said to have
founded the Bahu Fort and the Jammu town

respectively.
• With the installation of Sikh rule in Punjab, however,
Jammu and all other adjoining areas were annexed by
Maharaja Ranjit Singh with his territories.
• Mian Kishore Singh who was a direct descendent of
Raja Dhruv Dev held a prominent and respectable
position in the court of Maharaja Ranjit Singh at
Lahore.
• His son Gulab Singh joined the army of Ranjit Singh
while in teens and in course of time became an
accredited lieutenant of Ranjit Singh.
• Gulab Singh was eventually made the Raja of Jammu
by the Treaty of Amritsar dated: 16.3.1846.
• Later on, he annexed Kashmir with Jammu.

ECONOMY OF J&K UT
• Jammu and Kashmir’s economy is predominantly
dependent on agriculture and allied activities.
• The Kashmir valley is also known for its sericulture and
cold-water fisheries.
• Wood from Kashmir is used to make high-quality cricket
bats, popularly known as Kashmir Willow.
• Kashmiri saffron is also very famous and brings the
state a handsome amount of foreign exchange.
• Agricultural exports from Jammu and Kashmir include
apples, barley, cherries, corn, millet, oranges, rice,
peaches, pears, saffron, sorghum, vegetables, and
wheat, while manufactured exports include
handicrafts, rugs, and shawls.
• Horticulture plays a vital role in the economic
development of the state. This sector is the next biggest
source of income in the state’s economy.
• The region of Kashmir is known for its horticulture
industry and is the wealthiest region in the state.
• Horticultural produce from the state includes apples,
apricots, cherries, pears, plums, almonds and walnuts.
• The Doda district has deposits of high-grade sapphire.
• The manufacturing and services sector is growing
rapidly, especially in the Jammu division. In recent
years, several consumer goods companies have opened

manufacturing units in the region.
• The Associated Chambers of Commerce and Industry of
India (ASSOCHAM) has identified several industrial
sectors which can attract investment in the UT and
accordingly, it is working with the union and the state
government to set up industrial parks and special
economic zones.
• The Government of India has been keen to
economically integrate Jammu and Kashmir with the
rest of India. The state is one of the largest recipients of
grants from New Delhi, totaling $ 812 million per year.
It also has a mere 4% incidence of poverty, one of the
lowest in the country.
• In an attempt to improve the infrastructure in the
state, the Indian government has commenced work on
the ambitious Kashmir Railway project which is being
constructed by Konkan Railway Corporation and
IRCON at a cost of more than US$2.5 billion.
• The Jammu & Kashmir Bank, which is listed as a S&P
CNX 500 conglomerate, is based in the state. It reported
a net profit of Rs. 598 million in 2008.
• Before insurgency intensified in 1989, tourism formed
an important part of the Kashmiri economy.

• The tourism economy in the Kashmir valley was worst

hit. However, the holy shrines of Jammu and the
Buddhist monasteries of Ladakh continue to remain
popular pilgrimage and tourism destinations.
• Every year, thousands of Hindu pilgrims visit holy
shrines of Vaishno Devi and Amarnath which has had
significant impact on the state’s economy.
• The Vaishno Devi yatra alone contributes Rs. 475 crore
to the local economy annually.
• Tourism in the Kashmir valley has rebounded in recent
years and in 2009, the state became one of the top
tourist destinations of India.
• Gulmarg, one of the most popular ski resort
destinations in India, is also home to the world’s
highest green golf course.
• However with the decrease in violence in the state has
boosted the states economy specifically tourism.

FRUITS OF KASHMIR
Names of fruits grown in the Kashmir valley.
▪ Mulberry is Tuell in Kashmiri
▪ Raspberry is Chhanchh in Kashmiri
▪ Barberry is Kaawa-duchh
▪ Red-berry is Haapat -meawa in Kashmiri.
▪ Treil Apple is Treil in Kashmiri.
▪ Musk Melon…..Kharbooz
▪ WaterMelon is Hendha-vendh in Kashmiri.
▪ Almond is Badaam in Kashmiri. Varieties grown are
Kagazi ,Burzul and Tyoth.
▪ Walnut is Doon in Kashmiri .( varieties grown are
Kaagazi,Burzul and Wonth )
▪ Quince is Bama-tsoonth in Kashmiri.
▪ Apple is Tsoonth in Kashmiri. ( Varieties grown are
Hazratbali, Razaakvaari, Delicious, Ambri, American
Trail, Kulu, Chamura, Golden and Maharaji )
▪ Peach is Tse’nunn in Kashmiri. Peach grown in Kashmir
is juicy and sweet.
▪ Plum is Ollu-bukharaa/ Aae’r in Kashmiri.
▪ Green Sour Plum is Gor-doul in Kashmiri.
▪ Pear is Tung in Kashmiri. Popular varieties grown are
Naak and Bubgosha. Unlike apple, the shelf life of
Kashmir pear is very low.
▪ Apricot is Tser in Kashmiri. Nothing like the apricots

grown in Leh.
▪ Cherry is Gilaas in Kashmiri. Varieties grown are
Makhmali, Double Gilaas and Mishri. Mishri is sweet
and fleshy and much sought after.
▪ Richmond or sour Cherry is known as Alecha in
Kashmiri. It is dark red and fleshy but sour. It contains
many nutrients and beneficial plant compounds
compared to sweet cherry. In Europe and the US , this
variety is used for making jams, cakes, pies, cocktails,
and even in the occasional savoury dish. However, it is
mostly used by Kashmiris to make tasty Chutney. Not
grown commercially in Kashmir.
▪ Fig is Anjeer in Kashmiri. It is not grown commercially.
▪ Grapes are known as Duchh in Kashmiri. Surprisingly,
grapes are not commercially grown in Kashmir.
▪ The Sweet Chestnut is known as Punjaeb Gour (
Singada ) in Kashmiri. The valley also has a wild variety
of this fruit known as Horse chestnut or Haan-doon.
▪ In 2014, scientists at the Central Institute of Temperate
Horticulture (CITH), Rangreth, Srinagar successfully
grew olive trees in its farm.
▪ In 2015, the Horticulture Department had also grown
Kiwi on a trial basis in Kashmir.

▪ Now Strawberry is also commercially grown at many

places in the Kashmir valley. It has created a large
demand in the local markets.
▪ Fruits like Papaya, Banana, Orange, Mango, Leechi,
Guava, etc. don’t grow in Kashmir. These are imported
from different areas of the country.

CUISINES OF J&K
❖ The Jammu and Kashmir cuisine is influenced by

various communities that have settled in the state.
You will observe a unique aroma and awesome flavor
in the vast variety of vegetarian and non-vegetarian
food.
❖ The delicious food of J&K is believed to have

evolved when the Timurs invaded Kashmir in the 15th
century A.D. and thousands of expert cooks from
Samarkand immigrated to cater to the Indian Kings.
Those master cooks were called ‘Wazas’ and they
worked under the guidance of ‘Vasta Waza’, the
master chef.
❖ They offered the kings a grand feast, which is

traditionally known as ‘Wazwan’ and is still in
practice. The special grand feast is characterized by
36 different kinds of meals, out of which fifteen to
thirty dishes are the varieties of meat. Today,
Wazwan is not only a ritual but also a ceremony.

During a trip to J&K, you can enjoy this luxurious food
style. Kashmiri weddings are popular for the
delicacies mastered by those chefs.
❖ Three different styles of cooking that exist in
Kashmir are:
• Kashmiri Pandits
• Muslims
• Rajputs.
❖ All the three styles not only differ in the style, but
also in the ingredients, recipies and courses. A few
differences exist because of the locally produced
crops. On one hand the Kashmiri Pandits do not
prefer much onion and garlic in their food, while
contrary to this, the Muslims do.
❖ The Muslims avoid the use of asafoetida (hing) and
curds, whereas the Kasmiri Pandits use them often..
However, the Hindu Brahmins or Kashmiri Pandits
also cook non-vegetarian food for themselves, but
they prefer mutton or lamb meat instead of chicken
or beef.
❖ Jammu city has a unique cuisine and the Dogra
dishes are famous all around India. Rajma, Aloo Dum,
Kashmiri Pulao and Patisa are the prominent dishes
that have a special and mouth watering taste.

Tourists coming in Jammu must taste these delicious
dishes.
❖ Jammu is famous all over India for Chocolate Barfi,

Sund Panjeeri, Patisa and Rajma. Another renowned
dish prepared here is Kalaadi (a processed cheese).
❖ Jammu people make some of the famous Dogri

dishes like Ambal, Khatta Meat, Kulthein di Dal,
Kashmiri Aloo Dum, Phirni, Kashmiri Pulao, Dal Patt,
Maa da Madra, and Auriya.
❖ Pickles of Kasrod, Girgle, Zimikand, Tyaoo, Seyoo,

and Potatoes are also made.
❖ Popular Dishes to Try in Jammu & Kashmir

• Dumaaloo.
• Chaaman.
• Rogan Josh.
• Rista.
• Gushtaba.
• Rajma Chawal.
• Kalaadi Kulcha.
• Khatta Meat.
• Yakhni
• Tabakmaaz
• Kuer
• Madra
• Ambal
• Khamira
• Aabgosh
• Dhania wala korma
• Kashmiri sag
• Kashmiri curry
• Morel Mushroom
Beverages
❖ Kahwa
• It takes Kashmiri green tea leaves, cardamom,
cinnamon, dried fruits, berries and saffron to prepare
a cup of aromatic Kahwa (also kehwa)–the local chai.
Kahwa is the most-selling beverage in the state, and is
available at almost every food joint in Kashmir.
❖ Kashmiri Noon Chai
• Also known as Sheer Chai, this pink coloured

beverage is as good to taste as it looks enticing.
• It is a morning or afternoon beverage in Kashmiri
homes, made using gunpowder tea (green tea leaves
made into small balls), milk, sea salt and baking soda.
❖ Kesar Doodh
• Kesar or saffron is the home-grown spice of Kashmir,
which also carries the prestigious Geographical
Indicator (GI) tag.
• Thus, there is no reason why it won’t be used to
prepare a tasteful milk beverage by the Kashmiri
locals.
❖ Kanji
• It is a healthy drink made by boiling black carrots in
water and adding a few herbs and spices to give it a
delicious flavour.
• Kanji should be enjoyed either cold or at room
temperature.

Famous Bakery items.

• Kulcha
• Kripa
• Sheer Maal
• Tail woru
• Bakir khani
• Girda
• Masala cake

GEOGRAPHY OF J&K UT
PHYSICAL REGIONS OF J&K UT
J&K UT is physically divided into five physical regions
namely:-
• The Outer Plains
• The Siwaliks
• The Lower or Middle Himalayas
• The Valley of Kashmir
• Greater Himalayas
The Outer Plains (Andarwah and Bajwat):

• The outer plain of Jammu and Kashmir, locally known as
Andarwah or Bajwat, is a part of the Great Plains of
India.
• The alluvial plains of the Jammu and Kashmir state are
formed by the depositions of Chenab, Tawi, Ravi and
their tributaries. In width, in the plain it varies from 7 to
30 km.
• It stretches in the southern parts of Akhnoor,
Ranbirsinghpura (R.S. Pura), Samba and Kathua. The

height of this well-drained plain varies between 325 to

350 m.
• Situated in the vicinity of Siwaliks, the outer plain of
Jammu Division is traversed by numerous hill torrents,
locally known as Khad.
• These torrents remain dry over the greater parts of the
winter and summer seasons and at-tain enormous size
during rains.
Shiwaliks:-
• The relatively low outermost hills of the Himalayas
along its whole length from the Indus to the
Brahmaputra are known as the Siwaliks.
• The Siwaliks are conspicuously well developed for a
distance of about 200 km between the Ravi and the
Jhelum rivers in the state of Jammu and Kashmir.
• The width of the Siwaliks is between 20 to 50 km and
height above the sea level between 600 to 1220 m in
the state of Jammu and Kashmir.
• Then follows a succession of nar-row parallel ridges hill,
their strike persistent in a N.W.-S.E. direction,
separated by more or less broad longitudinal or strike
valleys . These valleys are known as duns.
• In the Jammu Hills the extensive, picturesque duns of
Udhampur and Kotli .
• The southern slopes of the Siwaliks are gentle, covered

with deciduous forests, evergreen bushes and
numerous scrubs.
• The northern slopes are steep with thin cover of
vegetation.
• In the Siwaliks to the east of Jammu City are situated
the Mansar and Surinsar lakes at an altitude of about
600 m above the sea level.
• The undulating slope, adjacent to the plains upto an
elevation of 300 m between Ravi and Chenab rivers are
locally known as Kandi. The Kandi land is characterised
by numerous torrents, hilly soils and scarcity of water.
Middle Himalayas(Lesser Himalayas) :-

• The Middle Himalayas of the Jammu and Kashmir
state lie between the Ravi in the east and the Poonch
in the west and continues up to Muzaffarabad.
• The ranges of Pir Panjal and Dhaula dhar lie in the
Lesser Himalayas of the state.
• In Jammu region they are locally known as Pahar
(mountain).
• In elevation they seldom rise above 3600-4600 m.
• The sacred cave of Vaishno Devi is situated on a peak
of Trikuta Mountain.
Valley of kashmir:-
• The Valley of Kashmir, nestled in north-western
folds of the Himalayas is a transverse valley,
surrounded on all sides by high mountain ranges,
characterized by snow covered lofty peaks.
• The surrounding mountain ranges, rising to a
height of 5,550 m on the north-east, where the
Banihal-Pass (Jawahar-Tunnel) provides an exit
from the valley.
• The oval shaped Valley of Kashmir is filled with
thick deposits of allu-vium which have blanketed
even the lower slopes of the surrounding ranges.
On the borders of the Kashmir Valley and even in
the valley floor occur ex-tensive elevated
plateaus of alluvial and lacustrine material. These
deposits are locally known as Karewas.
• Within the Valley of Kashmir, there are three
important side valleys, namely: Liddar valley,
Sindh valley and Lolab valley.

Greater Himalayas(Inner Himalayas) :-

• To the north of Pir Panjal and Dhauladhar ranges are
the more lofty moun-tain ranges of the innermost
zone of the Himalayas rising above the snow-line into
peaks of perpetual snow.
• In the north, Kashmir Range is an offshoot of the
Zanskar Range, which forms the north-eastern border
of the Valley of Kashmir.

RIVERS IN J&K
• Jammu and Kashmir has many lakes, rivers, and
glaciers. Significant rivers that flow through Jammu &
Kashmir from the Himalayas are Jhelum, Chenab,
Sutlej, Ravi and Tawi.
• These river basins are located at a higher elevation
facilitating huge hydro power potential.
JHELUM:-
• It is the westernmost of the five rivers of the Punjab
region, and passes through the Kashmir Valley.
• It is a tributary of the Chenab River and has a total
length of about 725 kilometres (450 mi).
• The river Jhelum is called Hydaspes by the ancient
Greeks.
• The name survives in the Kashmiri name for this river
as Vyeth.
• Alexander the Great and his army crossed the Jhelum
in BC 326 at the Battle of the Hydaspes River, where
he defeated an Indian king, Porus.

• The river Jhelum rises from Verinag Spring situated at

the foot of the Pir Panjal in the southeastern part of
the Kashmir Valley.
• It is joined by its tributaries Lidder River near village
Mirgund at Khanabal, river Veshaw at Sangam in
Anantnag, Pohru river at Doabgah Sopore and Sind
River at Shadipora in Kashmir Valley.
• It flows through Srinagar and Wular Lake before
entering Pakistan through a deep narrow gorge.
• The Neelum River, the largest tributary of the
Jhelum, joins it at Domel Muzaffarabad, as does the
next largest, the Kunhar River of Kaghan Valley.
• It also connects with the rest of Pakistan and
Pakistani Kashmir at the Kohala Bridge east of Circle
Bakote.
• It is then joined by the Poonch River, and flows into
the Mangla Dam reservoir in the Mirpur District.
• The Jhelum enters Punjab in the Jhelum District. From
there, it flows through the plains of Pakistan’s Punjab,
forming the boundary between the Jech and Sindh
Sagar Doabs.
• It ends 67 Kilometers from Mari Shah Sakhira City in
a confluence with the Chenab River at Trimmu in the
Jhang District.

• The Chenab merges with the Sutlej to form the

Panjnad River, which joins the Indus River at
Mithankot.
CHENAB:
• The Chenab River is a major river that flows in India
and Pakistan, and is one of the 5 major rivers of the
Punjab region.
• It is formed by the union of two headwaters, Chandra
and Bhaga, which rise in the upper Himalayas in the
Lahaul and Spiti district of Himachal Pradesh.
• Chenab flows through the Jammu region of Jammu
and Kashmir, India into the plains of Punjab, Pakistan,
before flowing into the Indus River near the city of
Uch Sharif.
• The Chenab river was called Asikni in the Rigveda .
The name meant that it was seen to have dark-
coloured waters.
• The Mahabharata, the common name of the river was
Chandrabhaga because the river is formed from the
confluence of the Chandra and the Bhaga rivers.
• The Bhaga river originates from Surya taal lake, which
is situated a few kilometers west of the Bara-lacha la
pass in Himachal Pradesh. The Chandra river
originates from glaciers east of the same pass (near

Chandra Taal).
RAVI:
• The Ravi River is a transboundary river crossing
northwestern India and eastern Pakistan.
• According to ancient history traced to Vedas, the Ravi
River was known as Irawati.
• The Ravi was known as Purushni or Irawati to Indians in
Vedic times and as Hydraotes to the Ancient Greeks.
• Part of the Battle of the Ten Kings was fought on this
river.
• The Ravi River originates in the Himalayas in the
Multhan tehsil of Kangra district of Himachal Pradesh.
TAWI:
• Tawi is a river that flows through the city of Jammu.
• The Tawi is a major left bank tributary of the river
Chenab.
• Tawi river is considered sacred and holy, as is the case
with most rivers in India.

• The source of Tawi is the Kailash Kund Spring at Soej

hills in Bhaderwah.
• After flowing through the Chennani and Udhampur,
Tawi passes through Jammu and joins the Chenab in
Ranbir Singh Pora and then enters Pakistan.
• Chennani hydro electric power project constructed on
River Tawi has a capacity to generate 23 MW of power.






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1 Follow us on youTube :jkssb special channel.

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lectures and now in the form of

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➢ STUDENTS ARE SUPPOSED TO

17) Ganderbal…………….. 150

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that the Northern Theatre needed to be commanded by

• Udhampur celebrates many festivals which are

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• Ramnagar Fort is believed to have been built by

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• The temple is near nucleus of Mantalai where Raja

• It is believed that in olden times a Rakshas (demon)

• Hearing the genuine prayers of the devotees Lord Shiva

• It is said that in his dying moments after being hit by the

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misdeeds and begged for pardon as he himself was a

• Lord Shiva pardoned him and ordained that the

• The iron Trident of Lord Shiva still exists in the temple

• A spring called Gouri Kund, just short of Sudh Mahadev

Panchari hill station

• It is a hill resort perched with Deodar forest on the one

• The temple is very nice and worth seeing.

• Jitendra Singh is an Indian physician and politician.He is

Shyama prasad mukherjee

• The Chenani-Nashri Tunnel renamed as Shyama Prasad

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and weak could live together in peace and mutual

long railway line connecting Jammu with Sialkot was

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• Industrial estate at Bari Brahamna has a large

• Average yearly precipitation is about 42 inches with the

• Jammu cuisine features various chaats, especially gol

• The Akhnoor fort which lies towards east of the town,

• Work on the fort, actually began in 1762 at the behest

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on the right bank of Chandrabhaga i.e. today’s Chenab

• Excavations have unearthed terracotta figures, small

Mubarak Mandi Palace

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• This museum is housed in the Amar Mahal Palace, built

• The Bahu Fort is a historic fort in the city of Jammu.

• Constructed on the banks on Tawi River.

• The biggest Shiva temple in north India.

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Nandini Wildlife sanctuary

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Ramnagar wildlife sanctuary

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The remaining areas include the Doda tehsil carved

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• The district is located inside Chenab Valley and shares

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• The buildings of Government HSS Boys Doda exist on

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• He served as the Leader of opposition in Rajya Sabha