2022

geometric interpretations.
Quadratic equations with real coefficients, relations between

roots and coefficients, formation of quadratic equations with
given roots, symmetric functions of roots.
Arithmetic, geometric and harmonic progressions,
arithmetic, geometric and harmonic means, sums of finite
arithmetic and geometric progressions, infinite geometric
series, sums of squares and cubes of the first n natural
numbers.
Logarithms and their properties.
Permutations and combinations, Binomial theorem for a
positive integral index, properties of binomial coefficients.
Matrices
Matrices as a rectangular array of real numbers, equality of

matrices, addition, multiplication by a scalar and product of
matrices, transpose of a matrix, determinant of a square
matrix of order up to three, inverse of a square matrix of
order up to three, properties of these matrix operations,
diagonal, symmetric and skew-symmetric matrices and their
properties, solutions of simultaneous linear equations in two
or three variables.
Probability
Addition and multiplication rules of probability, conditional

probability, Bayes Theorem, independence of events,
computation of probability of events using permutations and
combinations.
Trigonometry
Trigonometric functions, their periodicity and graphs,

addition and subtraction formulae, formulae involving
multiple and sub-multiple angles, general solution of
trigonometric equations.
Relations between sides and angles of a triangle, sine rule,
cosine rule, half-angle formula and the area of a triangle,
inverse trigonometric functions (principal value only).
Analytical geometry
Two dimensions: Cartesian coordinates, distance between

two points, section formulae, shift of origin.
Equation of a straight line in various forms, angle between
two lines, distance of a point from a line; Lines through the
point of intersection of two given lines, equation of the
bisector of the angle between two lines, concurrency of lines;
Centroid, orthocentre, incentre and circumcentre of a
triangle.
Equation of a circle in various forms, equations of tangent,
normal and chord.
Parametric equations of a circle, intersection of a circle with a
straight line or a circle, equation of a circle through the points
of intersection of two circles and those of a circle and a
straight line.
Equations of a parabola, ellipse and hyperbola in standard
form, their foci, directrices and eccentricity, parametric
equations, equations of tangent and normal.
Locus Problems.
Three dimensions: Direction cosines and direction ratios,
equation of a straight line in space, equation of a plane,
distance of a point from a plane.
Differential Calculus
Real valued functions of a real variable, into, onto and one-to-
one functions, sum, difference, product and quotient of two
functions, composite functions, absolute value, polynomial,
rational, trigonometric, exponential and logarithmic
functions.
Limit and continuity of a function, limit and continuity of the
sum, difference, product and quotient of two functions,
L’Hospital rule of evaluation of limits of functions.
Even and odd functions, inverse of a function, continuity of
composite functions, intermediate value property of
continuous functions.
Derivative of a function, derivative of the sum,difference,
product and quotient of two functions, chain rule, derivatives
of polynomial, rational, trigonometric, inverse trigonometric,
exponential and logarithmic functions.
Derivatives of implicit functions, derivatives up to order two,
geometrical interpretation of the derivative, tangents and
normals, increasing and decreasing functions, maximum and
minimum values of a function, Rolle’s Theorem and
Lagrange’s Mean Value Theorem.
Integral Calculus
Integration as the inverse process of differentiation,

indefinite integrals of standard functions, definite integrals
and their properties, Fundamental Theorem of Integral
Calculus.
Integration by parts, integration by the methods of
substitution and partial fractions, application of definite
integrals to the determination of areas involving simple
curves.
Formation of ordinary differential equations, solution of
homogeneous differential equations, separation of variables
method, linear first order differential equations.
Vectors
Addition of vectors
Scalar multiplication
Dot and cross products
Scalar triple products and their geometrical interpretations.
Freehand Drawing:
This would comprise of a simple drawing depicting the total

object in its right form and proportion, surface texture, relative
location and details of its component parts in appropriate scale.
Common domestic or day-to-day life usable objects like furniture,
equipment, etc., from memory.
Geometrical Drawing:
Exercises in geometrical drawing containing lines, angles,

triangles, quadrilaterals, polygons, circles etc. Study of plan (top
view), elevation (front or side views) of simple solid objects like
prisms, cones, cylinders, cubes, splayed surface holders etc.
Three-dimensional Perception:
Understanding and appreciation of three-dimensional forms with

building elements, colour, volume and orientation. Visualization
through structuring objects in memory.
Imagination and Aesthetic Sensitivity:
Composition exercise with given elements. Context mapping.

Creativity check through an innovative uncommon test with
familiar objects. Sense of colour grouping or application.

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2022

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geometric interpretations.

Quadratic equations with real coefficients, relations between

Matrices as a rectangular array of real numbers, equality of

Addition and multiplication rules of probability, conditional

Trigonometric functions, their periodicity and graphs,

Two dimensions: Cartesian coordinates, distance between

Integration as the inverse process of differentiation,

This would comprise of a simple drawing depicting the total

Exercises in geometrical drawing containing lines, angles,

Understanding and appreciation of three-dimensional forms with

Imagination and Aesthetic Sensitivity:

Composition exercise with given elements. Context mapping.

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