Chapter 21: SECOND HOMECOMING AND THE LIGA FILIPINA • Encouragement of education, agriculture, and; Study and application of

reform
• June 1892- Rizal's bold return to MANILA and his second Homecoming
The duties of the Liga members are as follows;
• December 1891- In a letter to Blumentritt, he argued that La Solidaridad was no
• obey the orders of the Supreme Council
longer the battlefield but a new struggle, with the fight no longer in Madrid.
• to help in recruiting new members
ARRIVAL IN MANILA WITH HIS SISTER • to keep in strictest secrecy the decisions of the Liga authorities.
• to have symbolic name which he cannot change until he becomes president
•June 26, 1892- Sunday at 12:00 noon, Rizal and his widowed sister Lucia (wife of late of his council
Mariano Herbosa) arrived in Manila • to report to the fiscal anything that he may hear which affect the Liga
• to behave well as befits a good Filipino
•Hotel de Oriente • to help fellow members in all ways.

•Rizal went to Malacañan Palace at 4:00 p.m. to meet Spanish Governor General RIZAL ARRESTED AND JAILED IN FORT
Eulogio Despujol, Conde de Caspe. He was told to return at 7:00 p.m. Despujol
agreed to forgive his father but not his family and told him to return on JUNE 29. • Pobres Frailles(Poor Friars)- incriminatory leaflets allegedly found in Lucia's pillow
cases, were written by Fr. Jacinto and printed by the Imprenta de los Amigos del Pais
VISITING FRIENDS IN CENTRAL LUZON in Manila.

• June 27, 1892- at 6:00pm, Rizal boarded a train in Tutuban Station • July 7, 1892- The Gaceta de Manila reported Rizal's arrest, sparking outrage among
• Visited his friends in; Malolos(Bulacan) San Fernando (Pampanga) Tarlac Filipinos, particularly the newly formed Liga Filipina
(Tarlac) Bacolor (Pampanga)
• June 28, at 5:00pm -Rizal returned by train to Manila . • July 7, 1892- Deporting Rizal to one of the South's islands.

FOUNDING OF LA LIGA FILIPINA • Rizal published anti-Catholic and anti-friar books abroad, satirizing Filipino
generosity and religious orders. He dedicated his novel El Filibusterismo to three
•July 3, 1892 -After the morning meeting with Governor General Despujol, Rizal "traitors" and aimed to tear away the treasures of the Catholic faith.
attended a meeting with patriots at Doroteo Ongjunco's home
•July 14, 1892- Rizal was escorted to the Cebu steamer, sailing for Dapitan, under
•Rizal explained the objectives of the Liga Filipina, a civic league of Filipinos, which Captain Delgras , passing Mindoro and Panay, and reaching Dapitan on July 17.
he desired to establish and its role in the socio-economic life of the people.
• Captain Ricardo Carnicero- Spanish commandant of Dapitan whom Captain
• The officers of the new league were elected, as follows: Delgras handed Rizal.
o Ambrosio Salvador (President)
o Deodato Arellano (Secretary) • July 17, 1892- July 31, 2896 Rizal began his exile in lonely Dapitan, a period of four
o Bonifacio Arevalo (Treasurer) years.
o Agustin de la Rosa (Fiscal) CHAPTER 22: EXILE IN DAPITAN, 1892-96
• Unus Instar Omnium" (One Like All)- the motto of the Liga Filipina
BEGINNING OF EXILE IN DAPITAN
CONSTITUTION OF LA LIGA FILIPINA
• Rizal was brought to Dapitan by Streamer Cebu on July 15, 1892.
The aims of the Liga Filipina, as embodied in its Constitution, were the following:
• He carried a letter from Father Pablo Pastells to be given to Father Antonio
• To unite the whole archipelago into one compact and homogenous body. Obach. The letter contains three (3) conditions for Rizal to be able to stay at
• Mutual protection in every want and necessity. the Parish convent.
• Defense against all violence and injustice.
 1. That Rizal publicly retract his errors concerning religion, and make • Rizal purchased logs but some were of poor quality.
statements that were clearly pro-Spanish and against revolution. • He challenged the French businessman, Mr. Juan Lardet to a duel.
2. That he perform the church rites and make a general confession of o A letter written by Mr. Lardet was indiscreetly sent to Rizal by
his past life. Antonio Miranda. “If he (Rizal) were truthful man, he would
3. That henceforth he conduct himself in an exemplary manner as a have told me that the lumber not included in the account
Spanish subject and a man of religion. were bad. ”
• Rizal stayed at Casa Real, the house of Captain Ricardo Carnicero. o Upon reading the insulting letter, Rizal flared up in anger.
a. Both of them are warm and friendly. • Captain Carnicero told the Frenchman to apologize rather than accept the
b. Rizal was not a common felon but a “filibustero”. duel.
c. All reports to Governor Despujol were good. o Mr. Lardet wrote a letter of apology on March 30, 1893, which
d. Rizal got complete freedom and was even allowed to ride the Rizal had accepted for he is a gentleman and a well-versed
Don’s chestnut horse. “pundonor.
• Jose Rizal admired the kind and generous captain. He even wrote a poem “A • Fun Fact: Rizal challenged Antonio Luna in 1890 and even W.E, Retana on the
Don Ricardo Carnicero” on August 26, 1892 during the Captain’s Birthday. same year.

WINS IN MANILA LOTTERY RIZAL AND FATHER SANCHEZ

• On September 21, 1892 a mail boat from Butuan came to Dapitan full of • Father Pastells instructed two Jesuits in Mindanao to persuade in discarding his
colored penants fluttering with the sea breeze. “errors of religion” .
• Lottery ticket no. 9736 jointly owned by Dr. Rizal, Captain Carnicero and o Father Antonio Obach, cura of Dapitan.
Francisco Equilior won ₱20,000, with ₱6,200 as Rizal’s share. o Father Jose Villaclara, cura of Dipolog.
• “This was his only vice. ” - Wenceslao E. Retana • He also assiged Rizal’s favorite teacher at Ateneo de Manila, Father Francisco
• ₱2,000 he sent to his father, ₱200 he sent to his friend in Hong Kong and de Paula Sanchez in Dapitan.
₱4,000 he invested in agriculture. With the total of ₱ 6,200 o The only Spanish priest that defended Noli Me Tangere.
➢ They talked about theological arguments in a
RIZAL - PASTELLS DEBATE ON RELIGION
➢ friendly manner almost everyday. He assisted
• Started when Father Pastells sent Rizal a book by Sarda along with an Rizal in beautifying the plaza.
advice to stop his “majaderas” in viewing religion in a bad light. ➢ “Estudios Sobre la Lengua Tagala”
• Rizal’s letter were full of anti-Catholic ideas. He was bitter of the friars for
IDYLLIC LIFE IN DAPITAN
they commit abuses under the cloak of religion.
o Judgment is a gift from God • Since August 1893 his family took turns in visiting him.
o “Religions may vary but they lead to the light. ” o Rizal’s mother-Teodora, sisters-Trinidad, Maria, and Narcisa,
• Father Pastells wanted to bring Rizal back to Catholicism. and his nephews-Teodiso, Estanislao, Mauricio, and Prudencio.
o Human intelligence is limited. • He built three (3) houses; one square, another hexagonal, and a third
o He wrote “Divine faith supersedes everything.... ” octagonal.
• Behind the debate, Rizal and Pastells were friends evidently when;
RIZAL’S ENCOUNTER WITH THE FRIAR’S SPY
a. Father Pastells gave a copy of Imitacion de Cristo (Imitation of
Christ) to Rizal. • On the rainy night of November 3, 1893 a guy named “Pablo Mercado”
b. Rizal gave a bust of St. Paul which he had made. visited Rizal.
RIZAL CHALLENGES A FRENCHMAN TO A DUEL
 o He posed as a relative and showed a picture of Rizal. In Rizal held the title of expert surveyor (perito agrimensor), which he obtained
addition he brought a pair of buttons with the initial P.M. from the Ateneo.
(Pablo Mercado)
• In Dapitan, he applied his knowledge of engineering by constructing a system
o He offered to be the courier of Rizal’s letters and writings to the
of waterworks in order to furnish clean water to the townspeople.
patriots in Manila.
• Modern engineers marveled how Rizal could have built such a system of
• As the sun rises Rizal went to comandancia and denounced the impostor to
waterworks, for he had inadequate tools and meager materials, and his
Captain Juan Sitges.
finances were very limited.
o The captain immediately ordered the arrest of Pablo Mercado.
o He instructed Anastacio Adriatco to investigate P.M. COMMUNITY PROJECTS FOR DAPITAN
• The transcript regarding the case was later sent to Governor General Blanco.
o Rizal asked for a copy of the case but was denied by captain • When Rizal arrived in Dapitan, he decided to improve:
Sitges. 1.To the best of his God-given talents.
o The transcripts were now in Biblioteca Nacional in Madrid and 2.To awaken the civic consciousness of it's people.
there were mysterious deletion in the transcripts. • he spent many months draining the marshes in order to get rid of malaria
• The only proof of this happening was found on the letter sent to Rizal’s that infested Dapitan.
brother-in-law, Manuel T. Hidalgo on December 20, 1893. • The P500 which an English patient paid him was used by him to equip the
• The intent of the spy was not to assassinate Rizal but to observe and find town with its lighting system. The lighting system consisted of coconut oil
evidence for his treason. lamps placed in the dark streets of Dapitan.
• The beautification of Dapitan.
AS PHYSICIAN IN DAPITAN With he help of his former Jesuit teacher and friend, Father Sanchez, he
was able to:
• Rizal practiced medicine in Dapitan. He had many patients, but most of them
o remodeled the town plaza in order to enhance its beauty.
were poor so that he even gave them free medicine.
o He jokingly remarked that he would make it nicely so that it could
• In August 1893 his mother and sister (Maria) arrived in Dapitan and lived with o "rival the best in Europe. "
him for one year and a half. He operated on his mother's right eye. The o In front of the church, Rizal and Father Sanchez made a huge relief
operation was successful. map of Mindanao out of earth, stones and grass.
• Rizal's fame as physician, particularly as an eye specialist, spread far and
wide. He had many patients who came from different parts of the Philippines RIZAL AS TEACHER
from Luzon, Bohol, Cebu, Panay, Negros, Mindanao and even from Hong • In 1893 he established a school which existed until the end of his exile in July,
Kong. The rich Filipino patients namely: 1896.
1. Don Ignacio Tumarong- was able to see again because of Rizal's • Rizal had 16 pupils in his school and that these pupils did not pay any tuition.
ophthalmic skill; and highly gratified by the restoration of his sight, he paid Instead of charging them tuition fees, he made them work in his garden,
P3000. fields, and construction projects in the community.
2. Don Florencio Azacarraga- a rich hacendero of Aklan, was also • Rizal taught his boys reading, writing, languages (Spanish and English),
cured of eye ailment, and paid Rizal a cargo of sugar. geography, history, mathematics ( arithmetic and geometry ), industrial work,
• As a physician, Rizal became interested in local medicine and in the use of nature study, morals, and gymnastics.
medicinal plants. He studied the medicinal plants of the Philippines and their • He trained his students how to collect specimens of plants and animals, to
curative values. love work, and to " behave like men" .
WATER SYSTEM FOR DAPITAN HYMN TO TALISAY
 • Rizal conducted his school at his home in Talisay, near Dapitan, where he had his farm • On May 14, 1893, Rizal formed a business partnership with Ramon Carreon
and hospital. (Dapitan businessman) in lime manufacturing.
• His favorite rendezvous with his boys was under a talisay tree, after which the place • Rizal organized the Cooperative Association of Dapitan Farmers in January
was named.
1895.
• In honor of Talisay, he wrote a poem entitled "Himno A Talisay " for his pupil to sing.
• In 1887, Rizal invented a cigarette lighter which he sent as a gift to Blumentritt.
ARTISTIC WORKS IN DAPITAN He called it “Sulpukan. ”
• During Rizal’s exile in Dapitan, he invented a machine for making bricks.
Rizal continued his artistic pursuits in Dapitan. He contributed his painting skill
to the Sisters of Charity who were preparing the sanctuary of the Holy Virgin in their “MY RETREAT”
private chapel.
• In February, 1895, Doña Teodora, with her eyesight fully restored returned to
• Rizal modeled the right foot of the image, the apple, and the serpent's head. Manila. During her long stay in Dapitan, she requested Rizal to write poetry
He also designed the exquisite curtain, which was painted in oil by an artist again. “Mi Retiro” (My Retreat)
Sister under his direction. • Rizal sent the poem to his mother on October 22, 1895.
• Rizal made sketches of persons and things that attracted him in Dapitan.
RIZAL AND JOSEPHINE BRACKEN
• He had sketches of the numerous fishes he caught in Dapitan waters.
• Modeled a statuette called "The Mother's Revenge" to stress the moral of the • Irish girl of sweet eighteen
incident where a puppy of his dog, Syria, was eaten by a crocodile. • “slender, a chestnut blond, with blue eyes, dressed with elegant simplicity,
with an atmosphere of light gayety. ”
RIZAL AS FARMER
• Born in Hong Kong on October 3, 1876
• Rizal bought 16 Hectares of land in Talisay, where he built his home, • Her father is James Bracken, a corporal in the British garrison and her mother is
school, and hospital, and planted cacao, coffee, sugarcane, coconuts, Elizabeth Jane MacBridge, who died in childbirth.
and fruit trees. • Josephine was adopted by Mr. George Taufer, who later became blind.
• He later acquired more lands until his total holdings reached 70 hectares. • Accompanied by his adopted daughter, Mr. Taufer went to Manila to seek
• Rizal introduced modern methods of agriculture which he had observed the services of the famous ophthalmic surgeon, Dr. Rizal.
in Europe and America. • Rizal and Josephine fell in love with each other at first sight. After one month,
• Rizal dreamed of establishing an agricultural colony in the sitio of Ponot they agreed to get married.
near Sandigan Bay, where there was plenty of water and good port • When Mr. Taufer heard of the projected marriage, he flared up in violent
facilities. rage. He tried to commit suicide by cutting off his throat with a razor.
• Mr. Tuafer returned alone to Hong Kong while Josephine stayed in Manila with
RIZAL AS BUSINESSMAN Rizal’s family. She later returned to Dapitan.
• In partnership with Ramon Carreon, a Dapitan merchant, he made profitable • Since no priest would marry them, Rizal and Josephine held hands together
business ventures in fishing, copra, and hemp industries. and married themselves before the eyes of God. They both lived happily in
• Dated January 19, 1893, Rizal expressed his plan to improve the fishing Dapitan.
industry of Dapitan through a letter to Hidalgo. • At one time, Rizal wrote a poem “Josephine, Josephine” for his wife.
• In the early part of 1896 Rizal was extremely happy because Josephine was
RIZAL’S INVENTIVE ABILITY expecting a baby. The baby’s name “Francisco”, was born prematurely and
died after three hours
• The most profitable business venture of Rizal in Dapitan was in the hemp
industry. RIZAL AND THE KATIPUNAN
 • The secret revolutionary society, called Katipunan, which Andres Bonifacio • Rizal was fascinated about the entrance to Cebu which he considered
founded on July 7, 1892, was gaining more and more adherents. "Beautiful" "I did two operations of strabotomy, one operation on the ears, and
• In a secret meeting of the Katipunan on May 2, 1896, Dr. Pio Valenzuela another of tumor"
was named emissary to Dapitan, in order to inform Rizal of the plan of the • Rizal left Cebu going to Iloilo "The voyage is fine At the right we saw Mactan,
Katipunan to launch a revolution for freedom’s sake. an island famous for what happened to Magellan"
• Rizal and Valenzuela had a heart-to-heart talk in the garden about the • August 3
Katipunan’s plan and the necessity of Rizal’s support. Rizal left Cebu going to lloilo
• Rizal objected to Bonifacio’s project to plunge the country into a bloody o Shopping in the city and went to the church of Molo "The
revolution. He was of the sincere belief that it was premature, for two church is pretty outside and the interior is not bad, considering
reasons: (1) the people are not ready for a revolution, and (2) arms and that it had been painted by a lad. The paintings are mostly
funds must first be collected before raising the cry of revolution. copies of biblical scenes by Gustave Dore.
o Rizal's ship sailed to Capiz. After a brief stopover, it proceeded
VOLUNTEERS AS MILITARY DOCTOR IN CUBA
towards Manila via Romblon.
• Months before the Katipunan contacted Rizal, he had offered his services as
RIZAL MISSES SHIP GOING TO SPAIN
a military doctor in Cuba which was then in throes of a revolution and ranging
yellow fever epidemic. August 6, 1896
• On July 1, 1896, a letter from Governor Blanco arrived in Dapitan notifying
• España arrives in Manila Bay Early in the Morning
Rizal of the acceptance of his offer.
• Rizal was not able to catch the Mail Ship Isla de Luzon for Spain
• Rizal was glad to receive the news from Malacañang. At last, he was free
again and he traveled to Europe and then Cuba. Thus, he wrote his heart- August 6,1896-September 2, 1896
warming poem “El Canto del Viajero” (The Song of the Traveler)
• Rizal was transferred to the Spanish cruiser Castilla
ADIÓS, DAPITAN • RIZAL stayed in Cruiser.
• On July 31, 1896, Rizal’s four-year exile in Dapitan came to an end. At OUTBREAK OF THE PHILIPPINE REVOLUTION
midnight of that date, he embarked on board.
• At the steamer pushed out into the sea, Rizal gazed for the last time at • August 19, 1896-Fray Mariano Gil, an Augustinian cura of Tondo, discovered
Dapitan with his hands waving in farewell. He sadly went to his cabin and the Katipunan plot to overthrow Spanish rule through revolution.
wrote in his diary: “I have been in that district four years, thirteen days, and a • August 26, 1896- The Cry of Balintawak occurred.
few hours. ” • August 30, 1896-the revolutionists led by Bonifacio and Jacinto attacked San
Juan.
CHAPTER 23: LAST TRIP ABROAD, 1896 • Governor General Branco declared a state of war in the first eight provinces
for armed rebellion against Spain.
• Rizal had a pleasant trip from Dapitan to Manila, with delightful stopovers;
• Manila (as a province), Bulacan, Cavite, Batangas, Laguna, Pampanga,
Dumaguete Cebu Iloilo Capiz Romblon
Nueva Ecija, and Tarlac. Rizal was worried for two reasons:
• August 26,1896 Andres Bonifacio and the Katipunan raised the cry of
1. the violent revolution which he sincerely believed to be premature and
revolution in the Hills of Balintawak.
would only cause much suffering and terrible loss of human lives and
• September 3,1896 the steamer left Manila Bay and Rizal last trip Abroad.
property, had started.
DAPITAN-MANILA 2. it would arouse Spanish vengeance against all Filipino patriots.
• August 30, 1896 - Rizal received from Governor General Blanco two letters of
• July 31,1896 -The España, with Rizal and party on board, sailed northward.
introduction for the Minister of War and the Minister of Colonies
• August 1- anchored at Dumaguete(Capital of Negros Oriental
 • September 2, 1896 - Rizal wrote to his mother on board the Castilla, the day • October 3, 10:00 a.m.
before his departure for Spain. o Isla de Panay arrived in Barcelona.
• September 3, 1896 - this steamer left Manila Bay o The trip lasted 30 days from Manila to Barcelona.
o Rizal was kept under heavy guard in his cabin for three (3) days.
RIZAL IN SINGAPORE o “History stranger than fiction. ”
• October 6, 3:00 a.m. onwards
• September 7, 1896 - The Isla de Panay arrived in Singapore o He was awoken on the grim and infamous prison fortress, Monjuich.
• Don Pedro and his son disembarked at Singapore, advising Rizal to stay o At 2:oo in the afternoon he was taken for a interview with General Despujol
behind for British law protection. Filipino residents, led by Don Manuel which lasted for quarter of an hour.
Camus, urged him to stay. o Rizal would be sent back to Manila by the transport ship, Colon. It departed at
8:00 pm.
VICTIM OF SPANISH DUPLICITY
CHAPTER 24: LAST HOMECOMING AND TRIAL
• The Governor General and Minister of war and colonies were secretly
conspiring for Rizal’s destruction. A MARTYR’S LAST HOMECOMING
o Both were exchanging telegrams and confidential messages • October 6, 1896, Tuesday
for Rizal’s arrest in Barcelona. o He diligently wrote on his diary.
o He was a deportee secretly kept under surveillance. o He was treated courteously by the army officers and was given a
• Rizal’s greatest mistake that led to his doom was trusting the Spanish Governor good cabin.
General Blanco. • October 8
RIZAL ARRESTED BEFORE REACHING BARCELONA o Rizal learned that the Madrid newspaper were full of stories about the
bloody revolution in the Philippines.
• September 8, 1:00 p.m.
o Rizal boarded Isla de Panay with a happy heart unaware of General Blanco’s CONFISCATION OF RIZAL’S DIARY
betrayal.
• September 25 • October 11
o Rizal saw the steamer Isla de Luzon leaving Suez canal full of Spanish troops. o Before reaching Port Said Rizal’s diary was taken away. His cabin was
o Two days later (September 27, Sunday) he heard the execution of Francisco search thoroughly.
Roxas, Genato, and Osorio. • November 2
• September 28 o The diary was returned to Rizal.
o A passenger told Rizal that he would be arrested by Governor General Blanco
and be sent to prison in Ceuta. UNSUCCESSFUL RESCUE IN SINGAPORE
• September 29
o He wrote on his diary; “There are people on board who do nothing but slander • News from Rizal's predicament reached his friends in Europe and Singapore.
me and invent fanciful stories about me. I’m going to become a legendary • Dr. Antonio Ma. Regidor and Sixto Lopez dispatched frantic telegrams to an
personage” English lawyer (Hugh Fort)
• September 30, 4:00 p.m. • When the Colon arrived in Singapore, Atty. Fort instituted proceedings at the
o Rizal was officially notified by Captain Alemany that he should stay in his cabin Singapore Court for the removal of Rizal from the streamer.
until further orders from Manila. • Chief Justice Loinel Cox denied the writ.
• Rizal was unaware of the attempt made by his friends to rescue him in
ARRIVAL AT BARCELONA AS A PRISONER
Singapore.
• September 30, 6:25 p.m.
o The ship anchored at Malta. ARRIVAL IN MANILA
o Rizal was not able to visit the famous island-fortress of Christian crusaders.
 • November 3- the Colon reached Manila. • December 8, Feast Day of the Immaculate Conception
• While the Spanish community was exulting with joy, Rizal was quietly • A list of 100 first and second lieutenants in the Spanish Army was presented to
transferred under heavy guard from the ship to Fort Santiago. Rizal.
• Many Filipino patriots were tortured (Deodato Arellano, Dr. Pio Valenzuela, • Don Luis Taviel de Andrade , 1st Lt. of the Artillery, the brother of Lt. Jose Taviel
Moises Salvador, Jose Dizon, Domingo Franco, Temoteo Paez, Pedro de Andrade, Rizal's "bodyguard” was chosen to be the defender of Rizal in
Serrano Laktaw) to implicate Rizal. the court

PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION READING OF INFORMATION OF CHARGES TO THE ACCUSED

• November 20 - Preliminary Investigation began • Accused of being the principal organizer and the living soul of the Filipino
• Rizal appeared before Judge Advocate, Colonel Francisco Olive. insurrection, the founder of societies periodicals, and book dedicated to
• 2 Kinds of Evidence (documentary and testimonial) fomenting and propagating the ideas of rebellion.
• The Documentary evidence consisted of fifteen exhibits, these are follows: • Rizal raised no objection on the iurisdiction of the court, but pleaded not
1.A letter of Antonio Luna to Mariano Ponce guilty to the crime of rebellion.
2.A letter of Rizal to his family • He admitted that he wrote the Constitution of the Liga Filipina which was
3. A letter from Marcelo H. del Pilar to Deodato Areliano merely a civic association.
4.A poem entitled Kundiman
• Dec. 13, Captain Rafael Dominguez forwarded the papers of the Rizal case to
5. A letter of Carlos Oliver to an unidentified person
Malacañan Palace.
6.A Masonic document
7.A letter signed Dimasalang • Also the same day when General Camilo G. de Polavieja, with help of the
8. A letter of Dimasalang to an unidentified committee powerful friars, became Governor General of the Philippines, succeeding
9. An anonymous and undated letter to the editor of the Hong Kong General Blanco.
Telegraph • The withdrawal of Blanco from the gubernatorial office sealed Rizal's fate, for
10.A letter of Ildefonso Laurel to Rizal he was more humane in character than the ruthless Polavieja and, moreover,
11. A letter of Rizal Segundo he firmly believed that Rizal was not a traitor of Spain.
12. A letter of Marcelo H. del Pilar to Don Juan Tenluz • If he had remained longer in office, Rizal would not have been executed.
13. Transcript of a speech of Pingkian
14.Transcript of speech of Tik-Tik RIZAL’S MANIFESTO TO HIS PEOPLE
15. A poem by Laong Laan
• Testimonial evidence consisted of the oral testimonies • On December 15, 1896, Rizal wrote his manifesto to his people appealing
• Dominguez made a brief resume of the charges and returned the papers to to them to stop the shedding of blood and to achieve their liberties by
Governor General Blanco, then transmitted them to the Judge Advocate means of education and industry.
General, Don Nicolas de la Peña, for an opinion. Where Peña’s • Rizal’s manifesto was not issued to the people.
recommendations were:
RIZAL’S SADDEST CHRISTMAS
1.Rizal must be immediately brought to trial
2.He should be kept in prison • The Christmas of 1896, his last on earth, was the saddest in Rizal’s life. He
3. an order of attachment be issued against his property to the amount of one found himself alone and depressed in a dreary prison cell.
million pesos as indemnity
• Brooding over his hopeless case, he wrote a letter to Lt. Taviel de Andrade.
4. he should be defended in court by an army officer, not by a civilian lawyer.
THE TRIAL OF RIZAL
RIZAL CHOOSES HIS DEFENDER
• At 8:00 a.m. on December 26, 1896, the court-martial of Rizal started in the
• The only right given to Rizal by the Spanish authorities was to choose his
military building called Cuartel de España. Seated behind a long table on an
defense counsel.
elevated dais were the seven members of the military court:
 1.Lt. Col. Jose Togores Arjona (president) • The trial of Rizal was an eloquent proof of the Spanish injustice and misrule. His
2.Capt. Ricardo Muñoz Arias case was prejudged; he was considered guilty before the actual trial. It
3.Capt. Manuel Reguera accepted all the charges and testimonies against him and ignored all the
4.Capt. Santiago Izquierdo Osorio arguments and proofs in his favor.
5.Capt. Braulio Rodriguez Nuñez
POLAVIEJA SIGNS RIZAL’S EXECUTION
6.Capt. Manuel Diaz Escribano
7.Capt. Fermin Perez Rodriguez • On December 28th, Polavieja approved the decision of the court-martial and
• Rizal sat on a bench between two soldiers. His arms were tied behind, elbow ordered Rizal to be shot at 7:00 o’clock in the morning of December 30 at
to elbow. He was dressed in a black woolen suit with a white vest and black Bagumbayan Field (Luneta).
tie.
• Defense Counsel Taviel ended his defense with a noble, but futile, admonition CHAPTER 25: MARTYRDOM AT BAGUMBAYAN
to the members of the military:
DEATH MARCH TO BAGUMBAYAN
• Rizal read a supplement to his defense which he wrote in his prison cell. He
further proved his innocence by twelve points. • 6:30 AM a trumpet sounded at Fort Santiago, a signal to begin the death
1.He could not be guilty of rebellion, for he advised Dr. Pio Valenzuela in Dapitan not march to Bagumbayan.
to rise in revolution. • Rizal walked calmly with his defense council, Lt. Luis Taviel Andrade, and two
2.He did not correspond with the radical, revolutionary elements. Jesuit priests, Fathers March and Vilaclara.
3.The revolutionists used his name without his knowledge. If he were guilty he could
• Rizal was dressed elegantly in a black suit, black derby hat, black shoes, white
have escaped in Singapore..
shirt, and black tie.
4. If he had a hand in the revolution, he could have escaped in a Moro vinta and
would not have built a home, a hospital, and bought lands in Dapitan • His arms were tied behind elbow to elbow, but the rope is quiet lose.
5.If he were the chief of the revolution, why was he not consulted by the revolutionists? • They reached the Bagumbayan Field. It was a grassy lawn by the shore of
6.It was true he wrote the by-laws of the Liga Filipina, but this is only a civic association Manila Bay, between two lamps.
a revolutionary society.
7.The Liga Filipina did not live long, for after the first meeting he wass banished to MARTYRDOM OF A HERO
Dapitan and it died out.
• Before his execution he bade farewell to Father March and Father Vilaclara
8.If the Liga was reorganized nine months later, he did not know about it.
and to his defender Lt. Luis Taviel de Andrade.
9.The Liga did not serve the purpose of the revolutionists, otherwise, they would not
have supplanted it with the Katipunan. • Rizal requested to be shot facing the firing squad but was denied.
10. If it were true that there were some bitter comments in Rizal's letters, it was because • Dr. Felipe Ruiz Castillo felt his pulse but was amazed that is was normal.
they were written in 1890when his family was being persecuted, being dispossessed of • Rizal died exactly 7:03 in the morning at the age of 35 years, five months and
houses, warehouses, lands, etc. and his brother and all his brothers-in-law were eleven days.
deported.
11.His life in Dapitan had been exemplary as the politico-military commanders and AFTERMATH OF A HERO-MARTYR'S DEATH.
missionary priests could attest.
• After the execution, Spanish spectators shouted "Viva Espana!" 'Muerte a los
12. It was not true that the revolution was inspired by his one speech at the house of
Doroteo Ongjunco, as alleged by witnesses whom he would like to confront. His friends Traidores" (Long Live Spain, Death to the Traitors.) They even played a gay
knew his opposition to armed rebellion. Why did the Katipunan send an emissary to song Marcha de Cadiz.
Dapitan who was unknown to him? Because those who knew him were aware that he • By his writings, which awakened Filipino nationalism and paved the way for
would never sanction any violent movement. the Philippine Revolution, he proved that "the pen is mightier than the sword"
• The president, Lt. Col. Togores Arjona, considered the trial over and ordered
the hall cleared. After a short deliberation, the military court unanimously sDR. JOSE PROTACIO MERCADO RIZAL Y ALONSO REALONDA
voted for the sentence of death. June 19, 1861 - December 30, 1896
 NOLI ME TANGERE (Touch me not/Huwag mo akong salangin) • Silhouette of a Filipina - belived to be Maria Clara or a the “Inang Bayan” to
whom Rizal dedicates the Novel.
BACKGROUND
• Burning Torch - Range and Passion
• Rizal propose a book writen project to the Filipinos members of Circulo • Bamboo Stalks that were cut down but grew back – Resilience
Hispano-Filipino • Sunflowers – Enlightenment
• Most of them were not interested in Rizal’s proposed project because they • Rizal’s Signature - It shows how Rizal witnessed and experienced the ilss and
want to write about the Filipino women abuses that happened during his time.
• He manage to finish the first half on novel in Madrid. He continued writing • Chain - Slavery and imprisonment
in Paris and finished in Germany- February 1887 • Flogs (Suplina)-cruelties of the Guardia Civil.
• Uncle Tom’s Cabin - Dr. Rizal inspiration to prepare a novel that would • Helmet of the guardia civil-arrogance of those in authority
depict the miseries of his people under the lash of Spanish Tyrants. • Shoes-It represents wealth. It also represents the footprints left by the friars in
• Rizal wrote the Noli Me Tangere novel to expose the abuses, oppression, teaching Catholicism.
and exploitation of the natives by the Spaniards - colonial government, • Hairy Legs - Symbolizes the Legend of the Wolf. The wolf shapes hits just like
religious friars/priests, military, and Spanish citizens in the how friars hide their true nature and character.
Philippines/Slavery of the Filipino natives under the Spaniards
CHARACTERS
PUBLISHING OF NOLI ME TANGERE IN BERLIN
➢ Crisostomo Ibarra
• Rizal started writing his novel in Madrid. When he went to Paris in 1885, he ▪ Juan Crisostomo Ibarra y Magsalin, widely known as Crisostomo Ibarra,
finished one-half of the second part. He finished the last fourth of the novel in is the protagonist in the novel.
Berlin. ▪ He is the son of the deceased, Don Rafael Ibarra, and the fiancee of
• At that time, Rizal was penniles and Sick. Maria Clara
• Maximo Viola is known to be the savior of Noli Me Tangere. He offered to pay ➢ Maria Clara
the amount and the book was finally released in March 1887 ▪ Maria Clara emerges as a symbol of virtuous and modest femininity.
• Berliner Buchdruckei-Action-Gesselchaft-printing shop ▪ As the daughter of Captain Tiago, a prosperous Filipino mestizo
• Rizal was charged Php 300.00 for 2000 copies ▪ She embodies traditional values and serves as an idealized portrayal
• Rizal studied Hebrew to enable Him to interpret the Bible in its original text and of a woman within her time.
to be better prepared to defend any controversial religious issues that Noli Me ▪ Love interest of Crisostomo Ibarra
Tangere might arise. ➢ Elias
• Noli Me Tangere is a Latin phrase that Rizal took from the Bible, meaning ▪ Described as a man of considerable height, dark complexion, and
“Touch Me Not” striking facial features.
• From John 20:17, “Touch me not; for I am not yet ascended to my Father: but ▪ He first emerges in the story as a skilled boatman.
go to my brethren, and say unto them, I ascend unto my Father, and your ▪ emerges as a mysterious and influential figure
Father; and to my God, and your God. ” ▪ trusted confidant of Ibarra, providing guidance and support
• Noli Me Tangere (The Social Cancer as the alternative english title) This idea of ➢ Padre Damaso
translation came from Charles Derbyshire. ▪ Spanish friar and a prominent member of the clergy in the Philippines
during the Spanish colonial period
NOLI ME TANGERE COVER ▪ depicted as high-ranked, abusive, arrogant and condescending
towards the Filipino population, looking down upon them as inferior
• Crucifix/ Cross - Sufferings and Death. It also Represents Catholic Faith.
beings.
• Pomelo Blossom and Laurel Leaves- Honor and Fidelity
➢ Padre Salvi ➢ Doña Consolacion
▪ curate of San Diego and the successor of Padre Damaso. ▪ Wife of El Alferez
▪ involved in unethical behavior of sexual nature ▪ Brutal and vulgar partner. Had physical fight with her husband
➢ Pilosopo Tasyo ➢ Don Saturnino
▪ Don Anastasio “Tasio” Cruz, emerges as a fascinating character. ▪ Grandfather of Ibarra, father of Don Rafael Ibarra
▪ depicted as a peculiar and remarkably intelligent person who ▪ Silent young man with violent disposition
provides social critique and philosophical perspective throughout the ➢ Doña Pia Alba
narrative ▪ Wife of Kapitan Tiago and mother of Maria Clara
➢ Donya Victorina de los Reyes de Espadaña ▪ Women of wealth and status
▪ portrayed as an aspirational social climber who adopts Spanish ➢ Don Filipo
mannerisms and tries to elevate her status in society ▪ Deputy mayor of San Diego
▪ she looks down upon her fellow Filipinos and seeks to distance herself ▪ Described as “almost liberal”
from her own culture. ➢ Lucas
▪ represents the loss of cultural identity and the yearning to be ▪ is the cockpit’s agent
accepted by the ruling class. ➢ Bruno Alasigan and Tarsilo Alasigan
➢ Sisa ▪ After the death of their father at the hands of the Guardia Civil, he
▪ the mother of Basilio and Crispin, two young boys who serve as and Tarsilo sought vengeance, joining a revolt orchestrated by Padre
sacristans at the nearby church, is portrayed as a tender and Salvi to that end
affectionate mother ➢ Linares
➢ Crispin at Basilio ▪ Engaged to Maria Clara
▪ portrayal unveils them as sacristans within the community church, ▪ Doctor and has a law degree, most diligent
laboring under the community church, laboring under the authority of ➢ Idáy, Sinang, Victoria and Adeng
the morally corrupt sacristan mayor ▪ friends of Maria Clara in San Diego.
➢ Kapitan Tiago
SUMMARY
▪ prosperous and influential Filipino businessman during the Spanish
colonial period • Noli Me Tangere contains 63 chapters and an epilogue
▪ Bearing the full name Don Santiago de los Santos
➢ Padre Hernande de Sibyla
▪ Curate of Binondo and a former professor of Ibarra
➢ El Alferez
▪ Dona Consolacion”s husband
▪ Shares rivalry with the priest particularly Padre Salvi and frequently has
violebt fight with his wife
➢ Tenyente Guevarra
▪ Fullname, Miguel Guevarra
▪ Elderly lieutenant of Guardia Civil
▪ Close friend of Don Rafael Ibarra
➢ Tiya Isabel
▪ Sister-in-law of Kapitan Tiagpo/helped taking care of Maria Clara
 EL FILIBUTERISMO (The Suversive or Suversion) • Nephew of Padre Florentino but rumored to be his son
➢ Father Florentino
BACKGROUND
• Parish priest of the town of Tiani
• Rizal took 3 years to write his second novel. • Adoptive uncle of isagani
• It is the second novel written by Jose Rizal as the sequel to Noli Me Tangere ➢ Ben Zayb
• Written in Spanish • Columnist for the Manila Spanish newspaper El Grito de la Integridad
• "The Reign of Greed" in English • Ybañez is his original name
• Consist of 38 Chapters • Journalist who believes that he is the ‘only’ one thinking in the
• dedicated to the three martyred priests of Cavite Mutiny. Philippines
• Began writing in October 1887 in Calamba ➢ Placido Penitente
• In London (1888), he revised the plot and some chapters. Rizal continued to • Name mean “silent suffering”
work on his manuscript in Paris • The student who eventually joins Simoun
• moved to Brussels where the cost of living was cheaper and he would be less ➢ Father Irene
likely to be distracted by social events • Kind friar who is a friend of Filipino students
• completed the book on March 29, 1891 in Biarritz. ➢ Father Camorra
• September 18, 1891 - the novel was published in Ghent partially funded by • Lustful priest of San Diego
Rizal's friend Valentin Ventura • Represent old men who lust over young woman
• Sent printed copies to Hong Kong, one for Basa and other for Sixto Lopez • He made Juli as his object that causes her to suicide
• Original manuscript is now preserved in the Filipiniana Division of the Bureau of ➢ Father Millon
Public Libraries in Manila-acquired by Philippine government from Valentin • Vindictive and always taunts Placido in class
Ventura for 10,000 pesos. • Represent Dominican friars who was Rizals professor in Santo Tomas
• Consists of 279 pages of long sheets paper ➢ Paulita Gomez
• more dark and brutal than of Noli Me Tangere and had many events of • Girlfriend of Isagani and niece of Doña Victorina
murder, sexual abuse and suicide • Complete oppoite of faithful and pure Juli
• massive turning point from Ibarra being idealistic and open man to Simoun • Married Juanito Palaez
who became vengeful, angry and somewhat cunning. ➢ Don Custudio
• Objectives: • A famous contractor who was tasked to develop the students’
o defend Filipino people from foreign accusations of foolishness and associations proposal for an academy for the teaching of spanish
lack of knowledge ➢ Quiroga
o show how the Filipino people live during Spanish colonial period • A Chinese man
o discuss what religion and belief can really do to everyday lives • Purchased 3 expensice bracelets for woman from Simoun
o expose the cruelties, graft and corruption of the false government and ➢ Kabisang Tales
honestly show the wrong doings of Filipinos that led to further failure • Telesforo Juan de Dios
• Symbolizes native farmers whose lands were seized by the friars
CHARACTERS ➢ Juli de Dios
• Julliana de Dios
➢ Simoun
• Daughter of Kabisang Tales
• he is Crisostomo Ibarra in disguise
➢ Tandang Selo
• wealthy jeweler
• Father of kabissang tales
➢ Isagani Villamor
• Took care of Basilio
• Basilio’s friend
➢ Father Fernandez Makamisa: The Unfinished Novel
• Priest-friend of Isagani
BACKGROUND
➢ Hermana Penchang
• The one among rich folks • Found by historian Ambeth Ocampo in 1987 as part of a 245-page collection
• Lend Juli money to ransom Kabisang Tales in return to be her maid of papers written by Jose Rizal entitled “Borrador del Noli Me Tangere“
➢ Hermana Bali • Sequel to El Filibusterismo
• Told Juli that Basilio was imprisoned • Written in 1891 when Rizal while having a trip to Hong Kong from Marseilles or
➢ Macaraig in 1892 when he was in Hong Kong
• The leader • Two versions: Tagalog and Spanish
• Isagani’s classmate, a rich student • It has one chapter and only 10 pages: Makamisa, which directly translates to
➢ Juanito Pelaez After Mass
• Son of Don Timoteo • Rizal restarted the draft in Spanish and was later translated by Nilo S. Ocampo
• Favorite among professors • Isagani was referenced
• Member of Macaraig’s gang • Most anti-clerical and satirical among his works
➢ Don Timoteo Pelaez
• Well-known business man CHARACTERS
➢ Pecson
➢ Padre Agaton (Father Agaton)
• Pessimistic, chubby students who often opposes Sandoval’s optimistic
• the parochial curate of the fictitious town of Tulig/Pili, described as a
speeches
cheerful, approachable and powerful man who loves the town and is
➢ Tadeo
not known for his bad temper.
• Classmates of Isagani, Macaraig, Sandoval etc.
• In the story, he has a sudden, unexpected display of anger, the
➢ Sandoval
reason for which is yet to be revealed.
• Peninsular who came to manila as government employee and was
➢ Kapitan Lucas/Panchong (Town captain Lucas)
finishing his studies
• the gobernadorcillo of Tulig and is in danger of losing his government
➢ Tano
position if he does not please Padre Agaton on the upcoming Easter
• Kabesang Tales’ son
fiesta
• Nicknamed as Carolino
➢ Aleng Anday (Miss Anday)
➢ Pepay
• female friend of Padre Agaton and the only person whom the curate
• Balerina
loves. She is an extremely disciplined woman whom everybody
• Friend of Don Custodio
admires for her generosity
➢ Leeds
➢ Marcela/Cecilia
• American who holds stage plays starring serevered heads
• Manila-raised daughter of Kapitan Lucas, who returned to Tulig/Pili for
• Good friend of Simoun
her aunt's funeral
➢ Tenyente Tato (Lieutenant Tato)
• lieutenant-general of the guardia civil
➢ Don Segundo
• the Juez de paz or peace officer of the town.
➢ Kapitan Tibo/Tanukang
• next-in-line to the gobernadorcillo office.
SUMMARY

Mass by Padre Agaton

• The story starts with a mass supervised by Padre Agaton in the small
town of Tulig
Padre Agaton’s Mood
• Following the end of the mass, the people of Tulig discuss the bad
temper of Padre Agaton 03
Concerned Capitan Lucas
• Capitan Lucas was concerned about the curate’s mood as it might
affect his bid for reelection
• Aleng Anday is slapped in the ending

PROOFS OF MAKAMISA AS THE THIRD NOVEL

o Maligaya y Maria Sinagtala or Tagalog Nobility is considered as a counterpart