Dpto.

Ciencia e Ingeniería de Materiales e Ingeniería Química

Chemical Basis of Engineering
Problem Set T6

WORKED EXAMPLES
6-1 Considering the values of Kp for the chemical dissociation of molecular bromine in
brome as a function of temperature shown in Table 1, determine: a) Hº and Sº
for this reaction and b) Kc at 1400 K. Assume that Hº and Sº are constant
throughout this temperature range.

Table 1
Kp 0.05 0.12 0.25
T (K) 1400 1500 1600

Sol.:
a) ΔG 0   RT· ln K p ;
ΔG 0  H 0  TS 0

S 0 H 0 1
ln Kp   ·  Plotting ln Kp vs 1/T (K-1) it should yield a straight line
R R T
of which cero ordinate it is possible to calculate S0 and of its slope -H0/R.
Therefore:
1
ln K p  9.944  18074· ;
T
Then: S0 = 82.68 J·mol-1·K-1 and H0= 150.27 kJ·mol-1.

Kp
K p  K c ·(RT ) n  K c  n
 K p ( RT ) n ; Since n  1, therefore
( RT )
b)
Kp 0.05
Kc  1
 K p ( RT ) 1 ; K c   4.36 ·10 4
( RT ) (0.082 *1400)

6.2- The following K value is given at 298 K for the synthesis of NH3 (g) from its
elements.

What is the value of K at 298 K for the following reaction?

Sol.:

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 Dpto. Ciencia e Ingeniería de Materiales e Ingeniería Química
Chemical Basis of Engineering
Problem Set T6
5.1. At equilibrium in the following reaction at 60 °C,
the partial pressures of the gases are found to be pHI = 3.65 ·10-3 atm and pH2S
= 9.96 ·10-1 atm. What is the value of for the reaction?

Sol.:

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 Dpto. Ciencia e Ingeniería de Materiales e Ingeniería Química
Chemical Basis of Engineering
Problem Set T6

PRACTICE EXERCISES
6.3- A gaseous mixture containing 0.062 moles of H2 and 0.042 moles of I2 is prepared at
400 ºC. The equilibrium mixture is found to contain 0.076 moles of HI. Calculate: a)
the equilibrium constants Kc and Kp; b) the net change in free energy (G) of this
reaction.

H2 (g) + I2 (g)  2HI

Sol.: a) Kc = Kp = 60.2. b) Gº = -22.9 kJ·mol-1.

6.4- In a 1-L flask, initially under vacuum, 0.0724 moles of N2O4 (g) are introduced and
heat up to 35 ºC. The N2O4 (g) dissociates yielding 2 moles of NO2 (g). When
equilibrium is established the total pressure is 2.178 atm. Calculate: a) the partial
pressure of N2O4 in the equilibrium mixture and b) the numerical values of Kp and Kc.

Sol.: a) 1.48 atm c) Kp= 0.319, Kc=1.26x10-2

6.5- Starting with 0.1 moles of SbCl5 (g) in a 1-L flask, the system is heat up to 182 ºC and
when equilibrium is established 0.087 moles of SbCl5 are present. Consider the
dissociation reaction of SbCl5 into SbCl3 and chlorine and determine: a) the numerical
values of Kp and Kc and b) the concentrations of the different gases if the volume is
raised from 1 to 3 litres, at the same temperature.

Sol.: a) Kp = 0.074; Kc = 1.98 x 10-3; b) [SbCl5]=0.026 M; [SbCl3]=7. 10-3 =[Cl2].

6.6- Consider the following reaction:

CO (g) + Cl2 (g)  COCl2(g) ∆Hº = -27,08 kcal.

Predict how each of the following factors affects the chemical equilibrium:
a) Introduce 1 mole of chlorine at constant volume.
b) Double the volume of the flask at constant temperature.
c) Introduce one mole of a noble gas at constant volume and temperature
d) The temperature is raised at constant pressure.
e) The pressure is raised at constant temperature.

Sol.: The equilibrium shifts in the direction a) producing fewer moles of gases
(right); b) producing more moles of gases (left); c) no net changes occur; d) of
the endothermic reaction (left); e) producing fewer moles of gases (right).

6.7- At 600 K, Kc = 0.395 for the reaction NH3 (g)  1/2 N2 (g)+ 3/2 H2 (g). If in a 1-L
flask 2.65 g of ammonia are introduced at 600 K. What are the concentrations of
each of the substances when the equilibrium is established? DATA: M (NH3) = 17
g/mol.

Sol.: [NH3]=0.042M, [H2]=0.171M and [N2]=0.057M.

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 Dpto. Ciencia e Ingeniería de Materiales e Ingeniería Química
Chemical Basis of Engineering
Problem Set T6

6.8- 2.69 g of PCl5 (s) are introduced in a 1-L flask and hermetically closed. The temperature
is raised at 250 ºC causing the PCl5 to sublimate completely. The final pressure is 1
atm. Also it is well known that the PCl5 can dissociate according to the following reaction
PCl5 (g)  PCl3 (g) + Cl2 (g). Explain whether the dissociation of the PCl5 takes place
or not. Data: M (P) = 30.97 g·mol-1; M (Cl) = 35.45 g·mol-1

6.9- Acetic acid reacts with ethanol yielding ethyl acetate and water according to the
following reaction:

CH3-COOH + C2H5OH  CH3-COOCH2-CH3 + H2O

At 35 ºC Kc is 4. At this temperature, calculate: a) the numeric value of moles of ethyl

acetate formed if initially a mixture of 3 moles of acetic acid and 2 moles of ethanol is
prepared; b) the amount of ethyl acetate (in grams) that will be obtained mixing 100 g
of ethanol with 150 g of acetic acid when the equilibrium is established.
Data:
M(CH3-COOH)=60 g/mol; M(C2H5OH)=42 g/mol; M(CH3-COOCH2-CH3)=88 g/mol

Sol.: a) 1.57 moles of CH3-COOCH2-CH3. b) 142. 56 g of CH3-COOCH2-CH3

6.10- For the reaction: CO2 (g) + H2 (g)  CO (g) + H2O (g), at 1573 K, 63 % of an
equimolecular mixture of CO2 y H2 is transformed into CO and H2O. Calculate: a) Kp
and Go at 1573 K and b) Ho y So for this reaction. Assume Ho So to be constant
within the range of temperatures considered.

CO2 (g) H2 (g) CO (g) H2O (g)

Gfo at 25oC (kcal mol-1) -94.7 0 -31.8 -54.9

Sol.: a) Kp (1573K) = 2.9; Go (1573K) = -3.3 kcal/mol. b) Ho = 10.64 kcal/mol,
So = 8.86 cal/mol K

6.11- A gaseous mixture containing 1.00 mol each of SO2 (g) and O2 (g) is heat up to 1000
K in a 5-L flask, yielding the following reaction:

2 SO2 (g) + O2 (g)  2 SO3 (g).

When the equilibrium is established 0.15 moles of SO2 are presented in the reaction
flask. Calculate: a) the concentration of SO3 and b) the equilibrium constant Kc.

6.12- For the reaction: CO (g) + H2O (g)  H2 (g) + CO2 (g), the equilibrium constant is 5.1
at 800 K. If a gaseous mixture of 1 mol each of CO and H2O is heat up to 800 K in a
50-L container, calculate:
a) The moles of CO present in the reaction mixture once the equilibrium is established.
b) The partial pressure of each gas as well as the total pressure in the vessel.
c) If two moles of water are added how many moles of CO would be present in the
container when the equilibrium is re-established?

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